scholarly journals On the Epistemological Foundations of War as a Social Phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Alexey Gulevsky ◽  
◽  
Yuri Doronin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Rational Solution ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Art Of War ◽  
Special Knowledge

The article analyzes the epistemological foundations of the war. According to the authors, the idea of war is the result of previous cognitive and mental activity of a person. War as a form of struggle involves the use of special knowledge and thinking abilities. A field of specialized knowledge appeared, called the art of war, and then military science. War turned out to be one of the most important spheres of human activity, requiring high achievements in the field of science. Abstract thinking made it possible, by introducing generalized concepts and images ("enemy", "homeland", "good", "evil", "bravery", etc.), to create a categorical field that allows waging a war for certain generalized interests that differ from the private ones. War has a rational motive, goal, methods and means, process, result, and implies a reflexive understanding of the warfare results. Planning and waging war requires a person to search for logical connections, identify patterns and cause-and-effect relationships when solving complex creative tasks and organizing activities in a changing environment. The belligerents strive for the efficient use of funds and the conclusion of peace on reasonable terms. In this sense, war can be seen as a form of a rational solution to social problems.

WORK DESIGN: WORK FEATURES OF CIVIL SERVANTS OF THE SUPERIOR COURT OF JUSTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO F. P. FREITAS ◽  
CATARINA C. ODELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Work Design ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Public Body ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify and analyze differences in the tasks, knowledge, and social features of the work of civil servants of the Superior Court of Justice, and, secondarily, to verify the factorial, convergent, predictive, and discriminative validity of the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) in the Brazilian Judiciary context. Originality/value: With the WDQ’s development, the work design became the subject of further studies all around the world. Also, in Brazil, since its translation and adaptation, this variable has caused great repercussions in people management, becoming the first study within the scope of the Brazilian Judiciary. Design/methodology/approach: Through a survey sent to 2,898 civil servants, 895 responses were obtained and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, confirmatory factorial analysis, reliability analysis, Kendall’s tau correlation analysis, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Findings: The most indicated work feature was social support, and the least indicated was interaction outside the organization. Special knowledge was most required from professionals with higher education. For the men, there were more problem solving, specialized knowledge, and decision-making autonomy in their work. Civil servants who work in judicial activities claimed to have more meaningful tasks. Managers claimed to have less autonomy in planning their tasks, as all other civil servants stated that their work has a more definite beginning, middle, and end. In a public body of great size and complexity, work features are differentiated by their sociodemographic and functional variables, requiring customization in the management practices of people and organizational policies.

scholarly journals Ujaran Kebencian Dalam Sudut Pandang Hukum Positif dan Islam

Al-Risalah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Aan Asphianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
The Social

This study analyzes the hate speech as a behavior that develops and cause social problems for the population. A speech of hatred into behaviors that are developed today, where the behaviors of people, whether it was saying about something implies write status in the social media or said that implies a hatred of another person may fall into the category of hate speech. The act if it is deliberately then it can be considered a crime, but if it's just pouring anger alone or intend to harm anyone is also categorized as a criminal offense. This social phenomenon that developed in Indonesian society should be anticipated in order not to cause conflict in society. other than that in the view of Islam, that Islam as a religion rahmatan lil Alamin, the basic principle in Islam prohibits defamation and incitement against others which resulted in the dispute, because in the Al-Hujurat: 11, God forbids all human beings to each other to spread hatred and insulting others, where the verse forbids mankind to do the speech of hatred. In this study using research doctrinal approach to legislation.

scholarly journals Use of special knowledge in investigation of anti-morality crimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Mykola Yefimov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Direct Use

The scientific article deals with some aspects of the investigation of crimes against morality. The peculi-arities of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of this category of criminal offenses are con-sidered. The author emphasizes that during criminal proceedings at the stage of both pre-trial investigation and in court, questions may arise, which, due to their narrow specialization and unlawful nature, may not be within the power of the investigator and the court. In such cases, other participants in the criminal process are involved in the process of proving - persons who have special knowledge sufficient to make a qualified solution to the problem. It is noted that special knowledge is a set of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the field of science, technology, arts, crafts obtained as a result of vocational training and professional education used for the prevention and investigation of criminal offenses. The view is maintained that the following should be attributed to independent forms of the use of specialized knowledge: the direct application of specialized knowledge in science, technology, art and craft by the judge himself; appointment of examinations; appointment of audits; knowledge that is inherent in various types of professional activity, except knowledge that is professional for the investigator and the judge, and is used in the investigation of crimes and criminal proceedings in court in order to facilitate the establishment of the truth of the case in cases, forms and procedures determined by criminal- procedural legislation; consulting assistance of a specialist without involving him personally in court actions; expert's participation in court actions. It is emphasized that specialized knowledge can be used directly and indirectly by an authorized person. Based on the analysis of judicial investigative practice, the following were distinguished among the main forms of use of special knowledge in the investigation of crimes against morality: direct (use of special knowledge by investigators in carrying out individual procedural actions); mediated (appointment of forensic expertise and involvement of relevant specialists in individual procedural actions).

Toward a More Inclusive Community

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Nackenoff
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Reform Processes ◽  
Local Levels

Many social welfare initiatives that have found their way into the administrative state can be traced to proposals advanced by the mobilized women of the Progressive era. These female reformers identified a range of new social problems and pressed government to address them with new policy initiatives. This chapter examines three particular tensions that emerged as the vision of a national community of newly empowered and aware citizens, operating at local levels to solve newly uncovered social problems, clashed with other values shared by the reformers. First, the inclusiveness of the project and the aspiration to build mutual respect among equals was in tension with the idea of maternalism, which employed sex differences and female sensibilities as the basis of social transformation. Second, there was a clash between the reform processes advocated and the substantive ends sought. Third, the aim of empowering citizens to act locally on their own behalf proved incongruous with a simultaneous emphasis on expertise and a keen interest in the specialized knowledge needed to solve social and economic challenges of the day.

The issues of style and stylistics in general and Azerbaijani linguistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Xuraman İbniyəmin qızı Məhərrəmova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Broad Field ◽  
Historical Necessity

With the development and rise of literary language, different styles emerge. Our literary language operates on the basis of a system of styles and fulfills its social function. In this process, different styles emerge and language influences society through this means. Functional styles, which are a historical category, arose out of historical necessity. They do not stay in one state, they develop and change. Language is a social phenomenon and meaning, and performs certain functions, which also cover various areas of human activity. The diversity of existing ideas and thoughts about the term stylistics also confirms once again that stylistics is a fairly broad field of language. Keywords: literary language, norm, style, functional styles, linguistics

Theory and the Study of Politics

1957 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Apter
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Specialized Knowledge

In the omnibus philosophy of an earlier day the pursuit of knowledge was the pursuit of science. Political science became a specialized discipline only very recently, and while it gained by its specialization it also suffered because of it. One of the nice tasks of modern political science is how to avoid the effects of descriptive detail as a substitute for theory and once again relate political phenomena to broader patterns of human activity, without losing the advantages, particularly in research, of the specialized knowledge and lore so laboriously acquired.

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of the activities of a forensic specialist and a forensic investigator

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
O. G. Kostyuchenko ◽  
O. V. Volokhova
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
The Future ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Comparative Description

The article is devoted to the use of special knowledge in the investigation of crimes, the activities of a specialist criminalist, a forensic investigator, and a comparative description of their activities in the investigation of crimes. In the context of criminalization of society, which leads to the emergence of new types of crimes, more sophisticated ways to commit them and conceal them using sophisticated technical means, insufficient attention is obviously paid to the use of special knowledge, including forensic knowledge, carried out in both procedural and non-procedural forms, the tasks of using scientific and technical means and methods for the prevention, detection and investigation of crimes. Proper use of all forms of specialized knowledge will make more effective evidence that will serve to resolve the case in the future. The article is aimed at a forensic study of the features of the use of forensic knowledge in the detection and investigation of crimes. The article is based on the activities of the preliminary investigation bodies aimed at using special knowledge in the course of criminal proceedings, criminalistic patterns of typical situations involving knowledgeable persons in the investigation of crimes. The purpose of the research in the article is the criminalistic activity of a specialist criminalist and a forensic investigator in the detection and investigation of crimes. 

scholarly journals CERTAIN PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF DEFINING THE CONTENT OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IN CRIMINAL LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
V. A. Fastovets
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
Made In

The article deals with the issue of defining the meaning of terms used in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, namely the notion of «special knowledge». It analyzes the definitions of this notion that were made in different periods of time by both national and foreign researchers based on the criteria of the significant features that are distinguished by these researchers in their definitions of the given term. By consequently highlighting faults in these definitions the article distinguishes those features that are the most accurate to reflect the essence of special knowledge in the criminal legal proceedings. Based on the obtained findings the article offers its own definition of this notion: special knowledge in criminal proceedings includes knowledge, skills and competences in any sphere of human activity that the investigator or the judge may not have at all or have to an insufficient extent, the use of this knowledge is at the discretion of the latter or directly regulated in the criminal procedure law, in order to establish the circumstances to be proved or to establish other circumstances relevant to the criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals La importancia del trabajo social comunitario

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
José Luis Sarasola Sanchez-Serrano ◽  
Juan Manuel González González ◽  
Alicia Roiz Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trabajo Social ◽  
Over Time ◽  
And Task

El presente artículo es resultado de una revisión bibliográfica en conjunto con una reflexión por parte de los que escribimos el mismo. Tiene como objetivo explicar por qué es importante el Trabajo Social Comunitario. Para esta explicación, nos hemos fundamentado en un fenómeno social que es la exclusión social. Durante la realización del presente, se observa perfectamente que todo está relacionado y que desde la disciplina del Trabajo Social se puede trabajar para la mejora de los problemas que van surgiendo. Pero debemos tener cuidado también con esto último. La sociedad cambian, surgen dificultades y problemáticas sociales nuevas, y es tarea del Trabajo Social y de los trabajadores sociales el ir evolucionando para poderles hacer frente. En cambio, encontramos varias problemáticas sociales que a pesar de los años, las intervenciones, las perspectivas de análisis y de intervención; perduran a lo largo del tiempo. El mejor ejemplo de esto, es la exclusión social. Atendiendo a una visión naturalista podríamos decir que “siempre ha habido ricos y pobres”, pero no nos cuestionamos sobre la procedencia de que siempre haya ricos y pobres. Estudiamos la historia de la exclusión social, analizamos la situación de la población y acudimos al trabajo social para ver cómo se puede responder a esto This article is the result of a literature review in conjunction with a reflection on the hand that you write the same.It is intended to explain why it is important to Community Social work. For this explanation, we have informed us in a social phenomenon that is social exclusion. During the realization of the present, is seen perfectly that everything is related and that from the discipline of Social work you can work for the improvement of the problems that arise. But we must be careful also with this last. Society change, emerging new social problems, and difficulties, and task of Social work and social workers go to evolve tomake them front. On the other hand, found several social problems that despite age, interventions, the prospects of analysis and intervention they endure over time. The best example of this is social exclusion. Attending a naturalistic view we could say that "there havealways been rich and poor",but we do not question about the provenance of that there is always rich and poor. We studied the history of social exclusion, we analyzed thesituation of the population and went to social work to seehow it can respond to this.

Metaphor in Terminology

Fachsprache ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
American English ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Conceptual Mapping ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Specialized Texts

Professional communication between an expert and a non-expert, the so-called transdiscursive communication, presupposes special knowledge transfer and acquisition. Asymmetry in communicants’ knowledge causes ambiguity and conceptual misrepresentation. Precise knowledge transfer in the context of transdiscursive communication can be achieved by means of knowledge mediation. In this context metaphor accomplishes the function of a transdiscursive knowledge mediation tool. This cognitive mechanism encourages conceptual mapping of specialized knowledge from a routine area to some knowledge domain. The study of metaphoricity of terms provides ground for finding language tools for cognition management. For discourse analyses we have focused on specialized texts from scientific journals and popular magazines obtained from the Corpus of Contemporary American English as a result of the key word in context search. We aim at proving the evidence for special knowledge mediation necessity and efficiency in the context of transdiscursive communication.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document