scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Laboratory Features of Cryptosporidiosis in Children under 5 Years of Age: A Cross-Sectional Study of Hospital Cases of Acute Intestinal Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Elena G. Starikova ◽  
Natalia I. Schubina ◽  
Olga V. Voronkova ◽  
Yulia V. Kovshirina ◽  
Nikolai D. Yarovoy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Laboratory Features ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Children Under 5

Background. Cryptosporidium protozoa are the leading causative agent of diarrhea and cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The role of cryptosporidia in the development and course of acute intestinal infections (AII) in children in Russia remains unstudied. Objective. Our aim was to study the prevalence and clinical laboratory features of cryptosporidium-associated aII in children under 5 years of age. Methods. A cross-sectional study (conducted in March-June 2017) included children admitted to hospital with symptoms of AII (fever, loose watery stools, weakness, decreased appetite and/or vomiting) by the ambulance service. On admission, stool samples were collected from all patients. Cryptosporidium oocysts were determined by microscopic examination of faecal smears stained according to Tsil-Nielsen after preliminary concentration by a modified formalin-ether technique. The presence of intestinal pathogens was determined by a bacteriological technique and using a polymerase chain reaction. Results. The study included 107 children with AII (girls — 51%). Cryptosporidia were detected in 28 (26%) patients, in 93% of cases — together with bacterial and/or viral pathogens. The etiological structure of cryptosporidium-associated AII and AII in cryptosporidiosis negative children (n = 79) did not differ. On admission, children with cryptosporidium-associated AII had a higher blood leukocyte count — 13.0_109/L (9.2; 16.0) versus 8.3_109/L (6.1; 11.2) in children without cryptosporidiosis (p < 0.001). It has been also found that antibiotics were more often used in the treatment of children with cryptosporidium-associated AII — in 21 (75%) versus 39 (49%) in the comparison group (p = 0.026). Conclusion. Cryptosporidia are detected in every fourth child with AII under 5 years of age. Patients with cryptosporidia are distinguished by a higher level of blood leukocytes upon admission and a more frequent prescription of antibiotics than in the group of cryptosporidiosis negative patients.

scholarly journals Undernutrition and associated factors in orphan children aged 6–59 months in Gambella Southwest, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e045892
Author(s):  
Solomon Feleke ◽  
Gudina Egata ◽  
Firehiwot Mesfin ◽  
Gizachew Yilak ◽  
Abebaw Molla
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orphaned Children ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Children Under 5

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and associated factors in orphaned children under 5 years old.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingGambella City, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA sample of 419 under 5 orphaned children included in the study. Eligible households with orphans had selected using a systematic random sampling method. The lottery method was used when more than one eligible study participants live in the household. An OR with 95% CI was performed to measure the strength of association between each dependent variable and independent variables. Variables with p<0.05 were declared statistically significant.Primary outcomeThe main outcome of this study was the prevalence of undernutrition among orphaned under 5 and its associated factors.ResultsPrevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in orphan children under 5 were 12.2%, 37.8% and 21.7%, respectively. The prevalnce of wasting peaks among age group of 36–47 months (42.5%), whereas underweight peaks in 48–59 months (27.7%). Food insecurity, wealth index, family size, vitamin A supplementation, diarrhoea, fever 2 weeks before the survey, children under 5 and parents’ death were associated with undernutrition.ConclusionThe prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among orphan children under 5 was significantly high. Multisectoral collaborative efforts towards access to health services, improving income-generating activities, micronutrient supplementation and social support and protection targeting orphan and vulnerable populations have to be built up.

scholarly journals Correlation between lung infection severity and clinical laboratory indicators in patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study based on machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingrui Wang ◽  
Qinglin Che ◽  
Xiaoxiao Ji ◽  
Xinyi Meng ◽  
Lang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic that has raised worldwide concern. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the extent of lung infection and relevant clinical laboratory testing indicators in COVID-19 and to analyse its underlying mechanism. Methods Chest high-resolution computer tomography (CT) images and laboratory examination data of 31 patients with COVID-19 were extracted, and the lesion areas in CT images were quantitatively segmented and calculated using a deep learning (DL) system. A cross-sectional study method was carried out to explore the differences among the proportions of lung lobe infection and to correlate the percentage of infection (POI) of the whole lung in all patients with clinical laboratory examination values. Results No significant difference in the proportion of infection was noted among various lung lobes (P > 0.05). The POI of total lung was negatively correlated with the peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage (L%) (r = − 0.633, P < 0.001) and lymphocyte (LY) count (r = − 0.555, P = 0.001) but positively correlated with the neutrophil percentage (N%) (r = 0.565, P = 0.001). Otherwise, the POI was not significantly correlated with the peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC) count, monocyte percentage (M%) or haemoglobin (HGB) content. In some patients, as the infection progressed, the L% and LY count decreased progressively accompanied by a continuous increase in the N%. Conclusions Lung lesions in COVID-19 patients are significantly correlated with the peripheral blood lymphocyte and neutrophil levels, both of which could serve as prognostic indicators that provide warning implications, and contribute to clinical interventions in patients.

Prospective, Observational, Cross-Sectional Study of Intestinal Infections among Acutely Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

Digestion ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merc&egrave; Navarro-Llavat ◽  
Eugeni Dom&egrave;nech ◽  
Isabel Bernal ◽  
Jordi S&aacute;nchez-Delgado ◽  
Jos&eacute; M. Manterola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, epigenetic age and DNA methylation: a cross-sectional study of firefighters

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn M Goodrich ◽  
Miriam M Calkins ◽  
Alberto J Caban-Martinez ◽  
Todd Stueckle ◽  
Casey Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toxicity Biomarkers ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Epic Array

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent chemicals that firefighters encounter. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, could serve as PFASs toxicity biomarkers. Methods: With a sample size of 197 firefighters, we quantified the serum concentrations of nine PFASs, blood leukocyte DNA methylation and epigenetic age indicators via the EPIC array. We examined the associations between PFASs with epigenetic age, site- and region-specific DNA methylation, adjusting for confounders. Results: Perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and the sum of branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate (Sm-PFOS) were associated with accelerated epigenetic age. Branched PFOA, linear PFOS, perfluorononanoate, perfluorodecanoate and perfluoroundecanoate were associated with differentially methylated loci and regions. Conclusion: PFASs concentrations are associated with accelerated epigenetic age and locus-specific DNA methylation. The implications for PFASs toxicity merit further investigation.

Correlates of Axial Gout: A Cross-sectional Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1445-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUKMINI M. KONATALAPALLI ◽  
ELENA LUMEZANU ◽  
JAMES S. JELINEK ◽  
MARK D. MURPHEY ◽  
HONG WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hands And Feet

Objective.A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of axial gout in patients with established gouty arthritis and to analyze clinical, laboratory, and radiological correlations.Methods.Forty-eight subjects with a history of gouty arthritis (American College of Rheumatology criteria) for ≥ 3 years under poor control were included. Subjects underwent history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and imaging studies, including radiographs of the hands and feet and computerized tomography (CT) of the cervical and lumbar spines and sacroiliac joints (SIJ). Patients with characteristic erosions and/or tophi in the spine or SIJ were considered to have axial or spinal gout.Results.Seventeen patients (35%) had CT evidence of spinal erosions and/or tophi, with tophi identified in 7 of the 48 subjects (15%). The spinal location of axial gout was cervical in 7 patients (15%), lumbar in 16 (94%), SIJ in 1 (6%), and more than 1 location in 14 (82%). Duration of gout, presence of back pain, and serum uric acid levels did not correlate with axial gout. Extremity radiographs characteristic of gouty arthropathy found in 21 patients (45%) were strongly correlated with CT evidence of axial gout (p < 0.001). All patients with tophi in the spine had abnormal hand or feet radiographs (p = 0.005).Conclusion.Axial gout may be a common feature of chronic gouty arthritis. The lack of correlation with back pain, the infrequent use of CT imaging in patients with back pain, and the lack of recognition of the problem of spinal involvement in gouty arthritis suggest that this diagnosis is often missed.

scholarly journals A hospital based cross sectional study on clinical, laboratory and complications profile of patients with hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1724
Author(s):  
Keerthana Medidhi ◽  
Abhishek Sabbani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for critical diseases like coronary heart disease, stroke, kidney disease etc. Hence adequate control of blood pressure is of utmost importance to prevent these complications. Objectives of the study was to study the clinical, laboratory and complication profile of patients with hypertensionMethods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 30 known cases of hypertension. Investigations/measurements like Blood pressure, body mass index, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar were done for all cases.Results: Majority belonged to age group of >60 years (56.7%). Males were more (70%) than females (30%). About 60% had hypertension for >5 years. Only 26.7% were normal weight and remaining were either overweight or obese. The 56.7% admitted that they consumed alcohol. The 76.7% were non-smokers and only 10% were tobacco chewers. The 63.3% had family history of hypertension. Diabetes was the most common co morbidity associated with hypertension in 16.7% of the cases. The 10% each had coronary heart disease, and kidney disease. Mean levels of total cholesterol was 163.93; mean level of triglyceride was 159.53; mean level of HDL was 44.4; mean level of LDL was 84.76; mean level of Fasting blood sugar was 110.66; mean Systolic blood pressure was 134.66 and mean diastolic blood pressure was 86. Majority i.e., 90% were taking treatment for hypertension regularly while only 10% were not taking it regularly Conclusions: Hypertensives were elderly and males were more affected with hypertension than females. Majority were hypertensives for more than five years. Diabetes was the most common co morbidity. Blood pressure was under control as majority were taking treatment regularly

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