scholarly journals Longitudinal Association of Handgrip Strength with Medical Use and the Risk of Hospitalization in Korean Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Junghoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

OBJECTIVES Age-related loss of muscular strength may contribute to medical health condition. Decreased handgrip strength is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, disability, and mortality. However, it is not known whether handgrip strength is also linked with hospitalization and medical use from the long-term cohort study in middle-aged adults. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association of handgrip strength levels, medical use, and hospitalization in Korean adults.METHODS This large prospective study was based on data from Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2006 to 2018. In total, 9,228 participants aged ≥45 years were included for this study. Handgrip strength was measured using dynamometer, and classified into quartiles by sex-specific cutoff point.RESULTS Significantly higher hazard ratio (HR) for hospitalization was observed in lower handgrip strength (HR: 1.22, 95% CI:1.11-1.34) compared to higher handgrip strength (reference) in the fully adjusted model. We also found longitudinal association of handgrip strength levels and the use of hospitalization and outpatient medical care during 12 years following period using mixed effect modes with time-dependent interaction.CONCLUSIONS Our results suggests that lower handgrip strength was associated with increased the risk of hospitalization and use of medical care in Korean population. This study highlights the maintaining of muscular strength may play an important role in the reduction of risk for hospitalization and medical use by preventing chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in Resting Metabolic Rates with Aging Are Accelerated by Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3061
Author(s):  
Marta Zampino ◽  
Majd AlGhatrif ◽  
Pei-Lun Kuo ◽  
Eleanor Marie Simonsick ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Over Time

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) declines with aging and is related to changes in health status, but how specific health impairments impact basal metabolism over time has been largely unexplored. We analyzed the association of RMR with 15 common age-related chronic diseases for up to 13 years of follow-up in a population of 997 participants to the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. At each visit, participants underwent measurements of RMR by indirect calorimetry and body composition by DEXA. Linear regression models and linear mixed effect models were used to test cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of RMR and changes in disease status. Cancer and diabetes were associated with higher RMR at baseline. Independent of covariates, prevalent COPD and cancer, as well as incident diabetes, heart failure, and CKD were associated with a steeper decline in RMR over time. Chronic diseases seem to have a two-phase association with RMR. Initially, RMR may increase because of the high cost of resiliency homeostatic mechanisms. However, as the reserve capacity becomes exhausted, a catabolic cascade becomes unavoidable, resulting in loss of total and metabolically active mass and consequent RMR decline.

scholarly journals Prescription Medications and Co-Morbidities in Late Middle-Age are Associated with Greater Cognitive Declines: Results from WRAP

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianlian Du ◽  
Rebecca Langhough Koscik ◽  
Nathaniel A. Chin ◽  
Lisa C. Bratzke ◽  
Karly Cody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Health History ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

The present study investigated: 1) sex differences in polypharmacy, comorbidities, self-rated current health (SRH), and cognitive performance, 2) associations between comorbidities, polypharmacy, SRH, and objective measures of health, and 3) associations of these factors with longitudinal cognitive performance. Analyses included 1039 eligible Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP) participants who were cognitively unimpaired at baseline and had ≥2 visits with cognitive composites, self-reported health history, and concurrent medication records. Repeated measures correlation (rmcorr) examined the associations between medications, co-morbidities, SRH, and objective measures of health (including LIfestyle for BRAin Health Index (LIBRA), and depression). Linear mixed-effect models examined associations between medications, co-morbidities, and cognitive change over time using a preclinical Alzheimer’s cognitive composite (PACC3) and cognitive domain z-scores (executive function, working memory, immediate learning, and delayed recall). In secondary analyses, we also examined whether the number of medications interacted with co-morbidities and whether they modified age-related cognitive trajectories. The number of prescribed medications was associated with worse SRH and a higher number of self-reported co-morbidities. More prescribed medications were associated with a faster decline in executive function, and more comorbidities were associated with faster PACC3 decline. Those with a non-elevated number of co-morbidities and medications performed an average of 0.26 SD higher (better) in executive function and an average of 0.18 SD higher on PACC3 than those elevated on both. Associations between medications, co-morbidities, and executive function, and PACC3 suggest that persons with more co-morbidities and medications may be at increased risk of reaching clinical levels of impairment earlier than healthier, less medicated peers.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Walking While Talking Decline in Older Adults: Central Control of Mobility and Aging Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 881-882
Author(s):  
Oshadi Jayakody ◽  
Joe Verghese ◽  
Helena Blumen ◽  
Emmeline Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Slow gait speed during walking while talking (WWT-speed) is associated with an increased risk of falls and dementia. Age-related changes in WWT-speed and associated risk factors, however, are poorly understood. This study examined 1) change in WWT-speed over time 2) factors associated with change in WWT-speed. Methods A total of 431 older participants (M Age=76.8±6.4 years; M follow-up 4.5±2.3 years) enrolled in the Central Control of Mobility in Aging study were examined. WWT-speed was measured with a computerized walkway while participants recited alternate letters of the alphabet while walking. The following baseline measures were examined as risk factors: demographic [age, sex, education], medical [hypertension, diabetes, cardiac arrhythmias, history of stroke, Parkinson’s disease, kidney disease, arthritis, depression], cognitive [global cognition, executive function, processing speed], sensorimotor [balance, grip strength, vision], falls and frailty. Linear mixed effect models were used to examine 1) change in WWT-speed over time 2) risk factors of WWT-speed change. Results WWT-speed declined over time (b -1.06, 95%CI -1.45, -.68) independent of baseline age, sex and education. Rate of WWT-decline was modified by age (b -.10, 95%CI -.17, -.03) and poorer balance (b -1.12, 95%CI -1.95, -.28). Lower scores in tests of global cognition and processing speed and, kidney disease predicted slow WWT-speed on average. Conclusion Greater age and poorer balance accelerate WWT-speed decline while poorer global cognition, slow processing speed and kidney disease predicts slow WWT-speed. These factors may provide potential targets for future interventions to prevent decline in WWT-speed and associated adverse health outcomes.

Physical Illness and Suicide Risk in Rural Residents of Contemporary China

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun-Xian Jia ◽  
Lin-Lin Wang ◽  
Ai-Qiang Xu ◽  
Ai-Ying Dai ◽  
Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Background: Physical illness is linked with an increased risk of suicide; however, evidence from China is limited. Aims: To assess the influence of physical illness on risk of suicide among rural residents of China, and to examine the differences in the characteristics of people completing suicide with physical illness from those without physical illness. Method: In all, 200 suicide cases and 200 control subjects, 1:1 pair-matched on sex and age, were included from 25 townships of three randomly selected counties in Shandong Province, China. One informant for each suicide or control subject was interviewed to collect data on the physical health condition and psychological and sociodemographic status. Results: The prevalence of physical illness in suicide cases (63.0%) was significantly higher than that in paired controls (41.0%; χ2 = 19.39, p < .001). Compared with suicide cases without physical illness, people who were physically ill and completed suicide were generally older, less educated, had lower family income, and reported a mental disorder less often. Physical illness denoted a significant risk factor for suicide with an associated odds ratio of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.85–5.62) after adjusted for important covariates. The elevated risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of comorbid illnesses. Cancer, stroke, and a group of illnesses comprising dementia, hemiplegia, and encephalatrophy had a particularly strong effect among the commonly reported diagnoses in this study population. Conclusion: Physical illness is an important risk factor for suicide in rural residents of China. Efforts for suicide prevention are needed and should be integrated with national strategies of health care in rural China.

Living with HIV in the Time of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed Noor
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Living With Hiv

This commentary foregrounds the need to examine how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated conditions may be affecting the lives of people living with HIV (PLWH) in a developing country context like Pakistan. It raises some important questions on medical care and updated information regarding PLWH in the time of COVID-19. Since PLWH are at an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions – something that makes them more vulnerable to COVID-19 – it is critical that timely research and evidence-based actions are undertaken to protect their health.

Chronic Patients’ Satisfaction with the Medical Aid

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Yekaterina Grigoryeva ◽  
Mariya Yeremina ◽  
Galina Bochkareva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Medical Aid ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Medical Institutions

Population’s satisfaction with medical care has recently become an important structural component of the comprehensive assessment of the healthcare activities. The satisfaction is subjectively determined which makes it possible to assess the level of the population’s satisfaction with medical care. The sociological survey is recognised as the most informative method of study. The article provides the results of study of satisfaction with medical care of the respondents suffering from chronic diseases and followed up at the medical institutions of Saratov that has been conducted by the authors.

The Role of Vascular Aging in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3098-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Giovanni G. Camici
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: The ongoing demographical shift is leading to an unprecedented aging of the population. As a consequence, the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications is set to increase in the near future. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening characterize arterial aging and set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve over time, the extent to which these changes might affect their stability and predispose to sudden complications remains to be determined. Recent advances in imaging technology will allow for longitudinal prospective studies following the progression of plaque burden aimed at better characterizing changes over time associated with plaque stability or rupture. Oxidative stress and inflammation, firmly established driving forces of age-related CV dysfunction, also play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. Several genes involved in lifespan determination are known regulator of redox cellular balance and pre-clinical evidence underlines their pathophysiological roles in age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to examine the impact of aging on arterial function and atherosclerotic plaque development. Furthermore, we report how molecular mechanisms of vascular aging might regulate age-related plaque modifications and how this may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to attenuate the increased risk of CV disease in elderly people.

Gene polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of exudative age-related macular degeneration in a Spanish population

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110026
Author(s):  
Pablo Gili ◽  
Leyre Lloreda Martín ◽  
José-Carlos Martín-Rodrigo ◽  
Naon Kim-Yeon ◽  
Laura Modamio-Gardeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Exudative Amd ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose: To identify the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CFH, ARMS2, HTRA1, CFB, C2, and C3 genes and exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Spanish population. Methods: In 187 exudative AMD patients and 196 healthy controls (61% women, mean age 75 years), 12 SNPs as risk factors for AMD in CFH (rs1410996, rs1061170, r380390), ARMS2 (rs10490924, rs10490923), HTRA1 (rs11200638), CFB (rs641153), C2 (rs547154, rs9332739), and C3 (rs147859257, rs2230199, rs1047286) genes were analyzed. Results: The G allele was the most frequent in CFH gene (rs1410996) with a 7-fold increased risk of AMD (OR 7.69, 95% CI 3.17–18.69), whereas carriers of C allele in CFH (rs1061170) showed a 3-fold increased risk for AMD (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.93–5.40). In CFH (rs380390), the presence of G allele increased the risk for AMD by 2-fold (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.47–4.30). In ARMS2 (rs10490924), the T-allele was associated with an almost 5-fold increased risk (OR 5.49, 95% CI 3.23–9.31). The A allele in HTRA1 (rs11200638) was more prevalent in AMD versus controls (OR 6.44, 95% CI 3.62–11.47). In C2 gene (rs9332739) the presence of C increased risk for AMD by 3-fold (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.06–9.06). Conclusion: SNPs in CFH, ARMS2, HTRA1, and C2 genes were associated in our study with an increased risk for exudative AMD in Spanish patients.

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