Longitudinal Changes in Resting Metabolic Rates with Aging Are Accelerated by Diseases

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) declines with aging and is related to changes in health status, but how specific health impairments impact basal metabolism over time has been largely unexplored. We analyzed the association of RMR with 15 common age-related chronic diseases for up to 13 years of follow-up in a population of 997 participants to the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. At each visit, participants underwent measurements of RMR by indirect calorimetry and body composition by DEXA. Linear regression models and linear mixed effect models were used to test cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of RMR and changes in disease status. Cancer and diabetes were associated with higher RMR at baseline. Independent of covariates, prevalent COPD and cancer, as well as incident diabetes, heart failure, and CKD were associated with a steeper decline in RMR over time. Chronic diseases seem to have a two-phase association with RMR. Initially, RMR may increase because of the high cost of resiliency homeostatic mechanisms. However, as the reserve capacity becomes exhausted, a catabolic cascade becomes unavoidable, resulting in loss of total and metabolically active mass and consequent RMR decline.

Download Full-text

Greater Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity Is Associated With Higher Resting Metabolic Rate: Results From the BLSA

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 124-124

Author(s):

Marta Zampino ◽

Richard Semba ◽

Fatemeh Adelnia ◽

Jennifer Schrack ◽

Richard Spencer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Oxidative Capacity ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity ◽

Baltimore Longitudinal Study

Abstract Resting metabolic rate (RMR) tends to decline with aging. The age-trajectory of decline in RMR is similar to changes that occur in muscle mass, muscle strength and fitness. However, while the decline in these phenotypes have been related to changes of mitochondrial function and oxidative capacity, whether lower RMR is associated with poorer mitochondrial oxidative capacity is unknown. In 619 participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we analyzed the cross-sectional association between RMR (kcal/day), assessed by indirect calorimetry, and skeletal muscle maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity, assessed as post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery time constant (tau-PCr), by phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between tau-PCr and RMR, adjusting for potential confounders. We found that independent of age, sex, lean body mass, muscle density and fat mass, higher RMR was significantly associated with shorter tau-PCr, indicating greater mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In conclusion, higher RMR appears to be associated with a higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. This association may reflect a relationship between better muscle quality and greater mitochondrial health.

Download Full-text

Compassion toward others and self-compassion predict mental and physical well-being: a 5-year longitudinal study of 1090 community-dwelling adults across the lifespan

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-021-01491-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ellen E. Lee ◽

Tushara Govind ◽

Marina Ramsey ◽

Tsung Chin Wu ◽

Rebecca Daly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Well Being ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Lifespan ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

Over Time

AbstractThere is growing interest in the role of compassion in promoting health and well-being, with cross-sectional data showing an inverse correlation with loneliness. This is the first longitudinal study examining both compassion toward others (CTO) and compassion toward self (CTS) as predictors of mental and physical health outcomes including loneliness, across adult lifespan. We followed 552 women and 538 men in San Diego County for up to 7.5 (mean 4.8 and SD 2.2) years, using validated rating scales for CTO, CTS, and loneliness. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to examine age- and sex-related trajectories of CTO and CTS over time. Linear regression models were used to evaluate baseline and longitudinal relationships of CTO and CTS with mental well-being, physical well-being, and loneliness. CTS and CTO were weakly intercorrelated. Women had higher baseline CTO than men. While CTO was stable over time and across the lifespan, CTS scores had an inverse U-shaped relationship with age, peaking around age 77. There were significant baseline × slope interactions of both CTO and CTS predicting improvements in physical well-being in adults <60 years old. Increases in CTO and CTS predicted improvements in mental well-being. Higher baseline CTO and CTS as well as increases in CTO and CTS scores predicted lower loneliness scores at follow-up. Thus, CTO and CTS were associated with better mental well-being and loneliness across the adult lifespan, and physical well-being in younger adults, and are promising targets for interventions to improve health outcomes.

Download Full-text

The Association Between Chronic Disease and Psychological Distress: An Australian Twin Study

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2020.86 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 322-329

Author(s):

Jessica Tyler ◽

Janine Lam ◽

Katrina Scurrah ◽

Gillian Dite

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Twin Study ◽

Disease Status ◽

Adult Health ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Distress Scale

AbstractThere is a commonly observed association between chronic disease and psychological distress, but many potential factors could confound this association. This study investigated the association using a powerful twin study design that can control for unmeasured confounders that are shared between twins, including genetic and environmental factors. We used twin-paired cross-sectional data from the Adult Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire collected by Twins Research Australia from 2014 to 2017. Linear regression models fitted using maximum likelihood estimations (MLE) were used to test the association between self-reported chronic disease status and psychological distress, measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). When comparing between twin pairs, having any chronic disease was associated with a 1.29 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.66; p < .001). When comparing twins within a pair, having any chronic disease was associated with a 0.36 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.71; p = .049). This within-pair estimate is of most interest as comparing twins within a pair naturally controls for shared factors such as genes, age and shared lived experiences. Whereas the between-pair estimate does not. The weaker effect found within pairs tells us that genetic and environmental factors shared between twins confounds the relationship between chronic disease and psychological distress. This suggests that associations found in unrelated samples may show exaggerated estimates.

Download Full-text

Changes of trace element status during aging: results of the EPIC-Potsdam cohort study

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-019-02143-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 3045-3058 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Julia Baudry ◽

Johannes F. Kopp ◽

Heiner Boeing ◽

Anna P. Kipp ◽

Tanja Schwerdtle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Ranges ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Time Points ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Age Related ◽

Longitudinal Variability ◽

Over Time

Abstract Purpose We aimed to evaluate age-dependent changes of six trace elements (TE) [manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iodine (I), and selenium (Se)] over a 20-year period. Methods TE concentrations were determined using repeated serum samples taken at baseline and after 20 years of follow-up from 219 healthy participants of the EPIC-Potsdam study, using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry. For each TE, absolute and relative differences were calculated between the two time points, as well as the proportion of individuals within normal reference ranges. Interdependence between age-related TE differences was investigated using principal component analysis (PCA). Relationships between selected factors (lifestyle, sociodemographic, anthropometric factors, and hypertension) and corresponding TE longitudinal variability were examined using multivariable linear regression models. Results Median age of our study sample was 58.32 years (4.42) at baseline and 40% were females. Median Mn, Zn, Se concentrations and Se to Cu ratio significantly decreased during aging while median Fe, Cu, I concentrations and Cu to Zn ratio significantly increased. A substantial percentage of the participants, at both time points, had Zn concentrations below the reference range. The first PCA-extracted factor reflected the correlated decline in both Mn and Zn over time while the second factor reflected the observed (on average) increase in both Cu and I over time. Overall, none of the investigated factors were strong determinants of TE longitudinal variability, except possibly dietary supplement use, and alcohol use for Fe. Conclusions In conclusion, in this population-based study of healthy elderly, decrease in Mn, Zn, and Se concentrations and increase in Fe, Cu, and I concentrations were observed over 20 years of follow-up. Further research is required to investigate dietary determinants and markers of TE status as well as the relationships between TE profiles and the risk of age-related diseases.

Download Full-text

Perceptions of Sound Quality and Enjoyment After Cochlear Implantation

OTO Open ◽

10.1177/2473974x211031471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 2473974X2110314

Author(s):

Sarah Y. Bessen ◽

James E. Saunders ◽

Eric A. Eisen ◽

Isabelle L. Magro

Keyword(s):

Cochlear Implantation ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Sound Quality ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sound Perception ◽

Age Related ◽

Over Time

Objectives To characterize the quality and enjoyment of sound by cochlear implant (CI) recipients and identify predictors of these outcomes after cochlear implantation. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting A tertiary care hospital. Methods Surveys based on the Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index were sent to all patients who received a CI at a tertiary care hospital from 2000 to 2019. Survey questions prompted CI recipients to characterize enjoyment and quality of voices, music, and various sounds. Results Of the 339 surveys, 60 (17.7%) were returned with complete data. CI recipients had a mean ± SD age of 62.5 ± 17.4 years with a mean 8.0 ± 6.1 years since CI surgery. Older current age and age at implantation significantly predicted lower current sound quality ( P < .05) and sound enjoyment ( P < .05), as well as worsening of sound quality ( P < .05) and sound enjoyment ( P < .05) over time. Greater length of implantation was associated with higher reported quality and enjoyment ( r = 0.4, P < .001; r = 0.4, P < .05), as well as improvement of sound quality ( r = 0.3, P < .05) but not sound enjoyment over time. Conclusion Recipients who had CIs for a longer period had improved quality of sound perception, suggesting a degree of adaptation. However, CI recipients with implantation at an older age reported poorer sound quality and enjoyment as well as worsening sound quality and enjoyment over time, indicating that age-related changes influence outcomes of cochlear implantation.

Download Full-text

Age-related and seasonal change in serum osmolarity and water intake in a healthy population

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.445 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

T Nishikawa ◽

N Miyamatsu ◽

A Higashiyama ◽

Y Nishida ◽

Y Kubota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Change ◽

Water Intake ◽

Heat Stroke ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Osmolarity ◽

Age Related

Abstract Background and aim Few studies have clarified the seasonal and age-related change of serum osmolarity and water intake, which is thought to be associated with heat stroke and ischemic stroke. We investigated the association between them in a healthy population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using database from Kobe Orthopedic and Biomedical Epidemiologic (KOBE) Study. Among 1138 healthy Japanese participants in the baseline survey, 1010 (women 704 and men 306) participants were eligible for the present study. Daily non-alcohol drink (NAD) intake was estimated according to food frequency questionnaire. Alcohol beverage and water in the meal or soup were excluded from the counting. Serum osmolarity (Osm/L) was calculated by Worthley’s formula: 2 (serum sodium (mEq/L)) + (blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL))/2.8 + (glucose (mg/dL))/18. The seasons the surveys were conducted were categorized into 4 groups, March-May (Spring), June-August (Summer), September-November (Autumn), and December-February (Winter). The association between serum osmolarity and daily NAD intake was analyzed using linear regression models. Results The seasonal change was observed in the serum osmolarity and daily NAD intake; serum osmolarity increased in spring and summer and daily NAD intake increased in summer. The serum osmolarity increased by aging in any seasons, while daily water intake didn’t. There was no significant association observed between serum osmolarity and the daily NAD intake, even after adjusting for sex, age, and season. Conclusions Serum osmolarity showed seasonal and age-related changes, but the serum osmolarity in subjects who had the daily habit of high NAD intake was not necessarily low. Key messages Serum osmolarity increased by aging and in spring and summer. Serum osmolarity was not associated with non-alcohol drink intake.

Download Full-text

Greater Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity Is Associated With Higher Resting Metabolic Rate: Results From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (12) ◽

pp. 2262-2268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Zampino ◽

Richard D Semba ◽

Fatemeh Adelnia ◽

Richard G Spencer ◽

Kenneth W Fishbein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Oxidative Capacity ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity ◽

Baltimore Longitudinal Study

Abstract Resting metabolic rate (RMR) tends to decline with aging. The age-trajectory of decline in RMR is similar to changes that occur in muscle mass, muscle strength, and fitness, but while the decline in these phenotypes has been related to changes of mitochondrial function and oxidative capacity, whether lower RMR is associated with poorer mitochondrial oxidative capacity is unknown. In 619 participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we analyzed the cross-sectional association between RMR (kcal/day), assessed by indirect calorimetry, and skeletal muscle maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity, assessed as postexercise phosphocreatine recovery time constant (τ PCr), by phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between τ PCr and RMR, adjusting for potential confounders. Independent of age, sex, lean body mass, muscle density, and fat mass, higher RMR was significantly associated with shorter τ PCr, indicating greater mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Higher RMR is associated with a higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. This association may reflect a relationship between better muscle quality and greater mitochondrial health.

Download Full-text

Serum Erythropoietin and Aging: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.1628.1628 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 1628-1628

Author(s):

William B. Ershler ◽

Sheng Shan ◽

Julie McKelvey ◽

Andrew S. Artz ◽

Neelima Denduluri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Clinical History ◽

Compensatory Mechanism ◽

Red Cell ◽

Diverse Populations ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽

Serum Erythropoietin ◽

Over Time

Abstract There are conflicting data regarding expected changes in serum erythropoietin (EPO) with advancing age, primarily because prior reports have been based upon cross-sectional analyses of diverse populations. To examine changes in serum EPO with age, we reviewed the clinical history, hematological parameters and serum EPO levels of 143 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA) who were studied at 1 – 2 year intervals for eight to thirty years. None had anemia at the time of the first visit (by WHO criteria: <12g/dL for women; or <13 g/dL for men) but it developed in 10 (7%) over the period of evaluation. An additional 20 individuals (14%) had a fall in hemoglobin of 1.5 g/dL or more, sustained over at least two visits, and for the purpose of this analysis were also considered anemic. EPO levels rose significantly with age for the group as a whole, and the slope of the rise was found to be greater for those who did not have associated diabetes or hypertension. Subjects who developed anemia but did not have hypertension or diabetes had the greatest slope in EPO rise over time. In contrast, those who had, or developed hypertension or diabetes during the period of follow-up within the BLSA, had significantly higher initial EPO levels and a reduced EPO slope over time. The increase in serum EPO with aging may be compensating for increased RBC turnover or increased EPO resistance of red cell precursors. We suspect that with very advanced age, or in those with compromised renal function (e.g., diabetes or hypertension), the compensatory mechanism becomes inadequate. Figure Figure Figure Figure

Download Full-text

Multimorbidity as a Risk Factor of Elder Abuse/Mistreatment in India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520980391 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052098039

Author(s):

T Sathya ◽

R. Nagarajan ◽

Y. Selvamani

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Significant Risk ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Sample Distribution

Globally, elder abuse/mistreatment is a common form of violence against the elderly. This study examines the association between multimorbidity and abuse/mistreatment among the elderly population (60+) in India. Cross-sectional data from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)’s “Building Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India” (BKPAI, 2011) was analyzed. We generated a multimorbidity variable by combining 20 self-reported diagnosed chronic diseases. Bivariate analysis was used to understand the sample distribution and prevalence estimation of elder abuse/mistreatment by multimorbidity and state. Furthermore, multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression was used to examine the association between multimorbidity and elder abuse/mistreatment. The overall prevalence of elder abuse/mistreatment in the study population is 11.4%. The prevalence of elder abuse/mistreatment among elderly with no chronic diseases is 6.01% which increases to 22.7% among elderly with four or more chronic diseases. Furthermore, the result from the multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression showed a close association between multimorbidity and elder abuse. Elderly with two, three, and four or more chronic diseases are 3.02 (CI = 2.33, 3.91, p < .000), 4.16 (CI = 3.02, 5.74, p < .000), and 5.06 (CI = 3.50, 7.31, p <.000) times more likely to experience abuse/mistreatment than elderly with no chronic diseases, respectively. In specific, this association is stronger for the elderly population residing in the urban areas. Furthermore, economic status and educational attainment have a protective role in determining elder abuse/mistreatment in India. In conclusion, multimorbidity has emerged as a significant risk factor of elder abuse/mistreatment in India. Measures to prevent elder abuse should consider the role of multimorbidity.

Download Full-text

Change in Daily Negative Affect Across 20 Years

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.825 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 215-215

Author(s):

Jennifer Piazza ◽

Jonathan Rush ◽

Susan Charles

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Negative Affect ◽

National Study ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Daily Experiences ◽

Age Related ◽

Over Time ◽

Time Point

Abstract The current study examined levels of daily NA among people (N=413) who participated in three waves of the National Study of Daily Experiences (~1996; ~2008; ~2017). At each wave, participants reported how often they had experienced six negative emotional experiences every day for eight consecutive days. Cross-sectional analyses at each time-point show age-related decreases in NA. Trajectories over time, however, were moderated by age (Est = .006, SE = .002, p = .001), revealing a curvilinear pattern. Among people who were 25-50 years-old at the first wave, daily NA decreased over time, with decreases more pronounced among the younger adults. For people at least 50 years-old at the start of the study, daily NA increased over time, with the slopes steepest for older adults. Findings indicate that cross-sectional and longitudinal age-related patterns in NA differ when examining data collected from 1996 to 2017.

Download Full-text