scholarly journals Relationships between urinary neural and immune factors in the patients with interstitial cystitis/ bladder painful syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-886
Author(s):  
R. F. Sholan
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The purpose of this work was to study the relationships between urinary cytokines, mast cells and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Sixty-eight women with clinically diagnosed IC/BPS were under study. Their mean age was 54.2±12.4 years. Urinary concentrations of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and NGF were determined by ELISA technique. Mast cells were identified in biopsies of mucous membranes from urinary bladder harvested during cystoscopy. Statistical evaluation was performed by Statistica program in Microsoft Excel. Pearson correlation quotients were calculated. Depending on the type of IC/BPS, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group I included 36 patients with classic type of disease; group II comprised 32 patients with non-ulcer type of IC/BPS. No significant differences were revealed between the groups. In 13.9% of patients from group I, the onset of clinical manifestations of the disease was observed at the age of less than 40 years; in group II, 28.1% of the examined mentioned appearance of the disease symptoms at this age. The levels of IL-1β in the patients from group I was 2.4 times higher than in controls (p < 0.05). IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα concentrations exceeded control values by 2.0 (p < 0.05), 2.5 (p < 0.05) and 2.0 times (p < 0.05), respectively. In the patients from group II, the content of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα was 2.4 (p < 0.05), 2.0 (p < 0.05), 2.0 (p < 0.05) and 1.9 (p < 0.05) times higher than in the control group, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups I and II, in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα levels, except of IL-8 in women of group I that was 20.3% higher than in group II. The urinary NGF level in the patients with IC/BPS exceeded the control level 1.6 times (p < 0.05) for group I, and 1.5 times (p < 0.05) for group II. The number of mast cells in the patients of group I was significantly higher than in controls and in group II, i.e., 1.6 (p < 0.05) and 1.4 times (p < 0.05), respectively. In most cases, a direct weak correlation was revealed between the indices. Only in group I, a moderate correlation (r = + 0.508) could be detected between IL-1β and mast cells. Determination of cytokine levels allows to detect activation of inflammatory cells in bladder tissue and provides an opportunity for developing diagnostic strategies. Increased numbers of mast cells may indicate the importance of these cells in the disease progression, whereas elevated levels of NGF in urine suggests that IC/BPS may be caused by chronic inflammation.

scholarly journals LOCAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH CLASSIC AND NON-ULCER TYPE OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS / BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sholan
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii

Several hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome (IC / BPS) have been put forward, but no consensus has yet been reached. It is suggested that cytokines are involved in IC / BPS, as well as in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Examining various biomarkers of bladder tissue, including mast cells is underway. However, few reports on a consistent immune activity profile are available. The aim of the study was to assess the cytokine profile, counts of mast cells and plasma cells as well as their relationship in patients with IC / BPS with and without Hunner's lesions. 44 women with Hunner's lesions of IC / BPS (group I) and 82 women with non-ulcer type (group II) were examined. Patients were questioned on the Pelvic Pain Symptom Scale, Urinary Frequency Scale (PUF), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and O'Leary-Santa Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index (ICSI). Cystoscopy and hydrodistension of the bladder were performed under general anesthesia. In biopsies of the bladder wall, the number of plasma cells and mast cells was assessed, in urine - IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica software for Microsoft Excel release 6 (StatSoft, USA). The Student's t-test, Spearman's correlation coefficient were calculated. In patients with the Hunner type of IC / BPS, there was an insignificant increase in the scale indices and decreased magnitude for average volume, urination frequency, and maximum emptying volume. The maximum bladder capacity during hydrodistension was lowered by 42.01% (p <0.001). The level of IL-8 in group I was higher on average by 28.57% (p = 0.434) as compared with that in group II, IL-6 - by 13.46% (p = 0.638), TNF-α - by 9.09% (p = 0.244) and IL-1β – by 4.13% (p = 0.859). The number of mast cells in patients of group I vs. group II was higher by 40.65% (p <0.05). In group I, a marked relationship was found between count of mast cells and plasma cells (r = -0.555, p> 0.05), as well as between count of plasma cells and IL-6 level (r = -0.639, p <0.05). In group II, a significant connection was found between count of mast cells and TNF-α level (r = +0.562, p <0.05). Patients with Hunner's IC / BPS are characterized by severe inflammation, wherein mast cells are involved in induction. Determination of cytokines in urine can provide a non-invasive division of IC / BPS into ulcerative and non-ulcerative groups.

scholarly journals Heart failure: the influence of different types on the main arteries kinetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Germanova ◽  
G Galati ◽  
YV Shchukin ◽  
AV Germanov ◽  
VA Germanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Nowadays the term "heart-vessels failure" does not exist. Aim. To study the kinetics and hemodynamics of arteries in the patients with heart failure with different ejection fraction. Materials and methods. In our investigation we included 74 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction more than 55% (44 were men and 30 women). Mediana age – 71,3 years old. In the control group we included 52 practically healthy people without cardiac and vessels pathologies.  We divided patients into two groups (I and II) in accordance to the presence of clinical manifestations of heart failure in them. Group I - with clinical symptoms of heart failure (32), group II –without heart failure symptoms (42).  We paid attention to the symptoms of  heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathies, valves defects, operations on heart in anamnesis. We performed 24-hours ECG monitoring, general blood analysis, biochemical blood analysis (lipids, electrolytes, urine, creatinine, bilirubin, potassium, glucose, NT-proBNP),  transthoracic echocardiography, ultrasound doppler of brachiocephalic arteries, abdominal aorta branches, lower extremities arteries, renal arteries, chest radiography, ultrasound investigation of B-lines. If prescribed we performed stress echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, coronary angiography, renal arteries angiography, pancerebral angiography, magnet tomography of heart. All patients were registered sphygmography of main arteries: a.carotis communis, ulnaris, radialis, a.tibialis posterior. We analyzed the regular contractions in each type of arteries. The main parameters main arteries kinetics using sphygmography we calculated in automatic mode: speed, acceleration, power, work in period of prevalence of inflow over outflow and in period of  prevalence of outflow over inflow.  Results. We analysed the main parameters of arteries kinetics and hemodynamics in each group of patients as well as in control group. We observed the effects: 1)In group II the parameters of arteries kinetics were higher than in group I. It indicates the active propulsive work of arteries in spreading the stroke volume of the heart. 2)In group I the parameters of arteries kinetics were lower than in control group. It indicates that propulsive function of the arteries is reduced in patients with heart failure. Conclusion. Arterial vessels are active, full-fledged participant in cardiovascular system. Vessels make an active work in blood movement from the heart to the distal parts and tissues. The clinical manifestations of heart failure are determined not only the heart function but also the function of arteries that is needed to be examined. In patients with preserved ejection fraction we can observe the symptoms of heart failure, the function abilities of arteries are reduced. The term "heart-vessels failure" should be used and applied not only to the heart but also to the arteries function in their coupling with heart. Abstract Figure.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the serum biochemistry and histopathology of kidney and bladder of dogs with Leishmania sp. in their urine

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joilson Ferreira Batista ◽  
Barbara Laurice Araújo Verçosa ◽  
Michel Muálem de Moraes Alves ◽  
Fernanda Samara Barbosa Rocha ◽  
Rayssa Maria de Araújo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

The visceral establishment of Leishmania infantum in dogs may result in kidney and bladder tissue injury, with L. infantum ending up in urine. This study therefore aimed at investigating the presence of Leishmania sp. in urinary sediments, and correlating the results with those from renal and bladder serum biochemistry and histopathology. Thirty dogs with negative Nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for E. canis were used in the experiment, and were divided into three groups: control group (10 dogs), neither leishmaniasis nor clinical changes; group I (15 dogs), leishmaniasis but no Leishmania sp. in urine; and group II (5 dogs), leishmaniasis, as well as Leishmania sp. in urine. All animals were submitted to clinical, serological, and parasitological diagnosis for leishmaniasis, biochemical exams, and kidney and bladder histopathology. The parasite was also detected in the bladder imprint of one group II dog. Group II dogs presented with very low albumin concentrations, low albumin/globulin ratios, and kidney and bladder lesions. In the kidneys, hydropic degeneration, thickened Bowman's capsule, and thickening of the tubular capsule were detected in all dogs with positive urinary sediment. However, no significant difference in these renal changes was observed between groups. The intensity and distribution of bladder inflammatory infiltrates were significantly (p-value < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis’ and Dunn’s tests) higher in group II dogs, compared with those of the other groups. The presence of Leishmania sp. in the urine of infected dogs appeared to be related to low serum albumin concentrations and more severe bladder lesions.

Therapy optimization dysplastic HPV-associated processes

2016 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
V.V. Bobrytska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The objective: to determine the level of risk of developing clinical forms of papilloma virus infection (PVI) and possible ways of treatment and prevention of dysplastic diseases caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). Patients and methods. The study included 90 patients with diagnosed of oncogenic strains of HPV 16-68 (using the method of genotyping). The patients were divided into 3 groups in accordance with treatment aimed at the pathogenetic mechanisms of development of PVI and with the aim of reducing viral load, clinical manifestations and possible elimination of HPV. The first (I) group - 30 people - were given an injection of a-interferon 2b 3 mln per day, 10 injections; course dose - 30 mln. The course repeated in case of positive results of HPV (pre-selected strains) according to the same scheme or at intervals of 1-2 days; course dose - 30 mln. Second (II) group - 30 people - received indole-3-carbinol with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (I3C+EGCG) - a drug Epigalin® in the dose of 400 mg I3C and 90 mg EGCG (2 capsules per day). The course of taking in Epigalin® continued 6 months. The control group included patients in the amount of 30 people who did not receive specific oncoprotective immunomodulatory therapy. Results. As a result of the therapy after 3 months in group I patients who had received a-interferon-2b, elimination of HPV was observed in 76.2% of cases; in group II, treated with Epigalin® – in 86.4% of cases and in the control group not receiving additional metabolic therapy in 24% of cases. After 6 months in group I elimination of HPV was 92.6%, in group II it was 95.8%, which also shows better results of the effectiveness of interventions using I3C+EGCG – Epigalin®. Among patients treated in the period of rehabilitation after diathermocoagulation (DEC) drug Revitaxa (hyaluronic acid, tea tree, calendula, aloe vera, centella), epithelialization occurred on 7-10 days earlier, and without rough scar deformation. Conclusion. The use of metabolic immune replacement therapy of papillomavirus infection shows better results than the isolated use of electrosurgical (radio wave) treatment of dysplasia. The drug Epigalin® (a combination of 400 mg I3C and 90 mg EGCG) is an effective oncoprotective, normalizing the balance of estrogen with the drug, contributing to the elimination of HPV. The combination of the drug Epigalin® with a comprehensive reparative and antiseptic drug Revitaxa (suppositories) is optimal in cases of surgical treatment of lesions caused by HPV. Key words: human papilloma virus, elimination, interferon, Epigalin®, Revitaxa.

scholarly journals Azoximer bromide-modulated immune response in aerobic vaginitis

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-684
Author(s):  
G. B. Dikke ◽  
V. V. Ostromenskii ◽  
Yu. G. Kucheryavaya
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aerobic Vaginitis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of azoximer bromide along with a combined antimicrobial drug in treatment of patients with aerobic vaginitis (AV).Materials and Methods. There was conducted a prospective, randomized, parallel group study with enrolled 60 patients diagnosed with AV and 10 apparently healthy women (control group III). Group I (n = 30) received azoximer bromide (10 vaginal insertion according to the scheme, course of 10 days) and a combined antimicrobial drug, while Group II (n = 30) received only antimicrobial drug (course of 10 days). Microscopy of vaginal discharge smears, polymerase chain reaction method was used, detection of cytokines – interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in vaginal washings was performed by ELISA. The study of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was performed by ELISA, and DNA-containing strands ejected by neutrophils were determined by fluorescence method.Results. Recovery from disease was found in 100 % (30/30) and 86.7 % (26/30) in group I and group II, respectively. After treatment, serum level of IL-8 was revealed to decline in group I from 35.2 to 5.5 pg/ml (p = 0.05), in group II – from 33.4 to 5.3 pg/ml (p = 0.04), also not differ (p > 0.05) from the control values (5.2 pg/ml). The level of IL-1β also decreased after treatment in group I from 51.5 to 15.1 pg/ml (p = 0.002), in group II – from 57.9 to 20.1 pg/ml (p = 0.03), which also did not differ (p > 0.05) from the control values (16.7 pg/ml). The IL-10 level in both main groups decreased slightly (from 0.26 and 0.24 to 0.16 pg/ml in both groups), which was higher by 1.8-fold than in the control group (0.09 pg/ml; p < 0.001). The number of ejected NETs in both main groups decreased significantly after treatment, reaching control level. No side effects were observed, compliance and acceptability were 100 % in both groups. The frequency of AV relapses within 3 months was observed in 3.3 % (1/30) and 14.3 % (4/28) patients, after 6 months – in 14.3 % (4/28) and in 20.0 % (5/25) patients in groups I and II, respectively. Using the logit regression model, demonstrated that AV relapse might occur with a 50 %-probability at TNF-α level < 0.1 pg/ml after treatment (sensitivity – 67 %, specificity – 79 %). The risk of relapses in group I, in contrast to group II, showed a downward trend.Conclusions. The use of azoximer bromide and a combined broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug is effective in AV treatment, exerts a modulating effect on immune response parameters contributes to lowering relapse rate.

scholarly journals ACTIVE ONE LEG STANDING EXERCISE LEBIH EFEKTIF DARIPADA CONTACTUAL HAND ORIENTATING RESPONSE (CHOR)EXERCISE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOBILITAS PASIEN PASCA STROKE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Widayanto ◽  
Alex Pangkahila ◽  
Muh Irfan ◽  
Ida Bagus Ngurah ◽  
I Putu Adiartha Griadhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mobility Impairment ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group Ii

Stroke is a syndrome caused by circulatory disorders of the brain (CVA) with acute onset, accompanied by clinical manifestations in the form of neurological deficit and not as a result of tumor, trauma or infection of the central nervous system. Perfomance Mobility impairment is the consequences caused by stroke. The purpose of this study was to compare a Active One Leg Standing and Contactual Hand Orientating Response (CHOR) Exercise in order to improve performance mobility instroke patients. This research used experimental methods with pre-test and post-test control group design. The number of samples per group is 7 people. Group I was gaveActive One Leg Standing Exercise, group II was gaveContactual Hand Orientating Response (CHOR) Exercise. Each group is given an exercise with an hour duration, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Mobility perfomance measured using POMA-TinettiTest. It was concluded that Active One Leg Standing and contactual Hand orientating Response (CHOR) exercise can improve perfomance mobility in post-stroke patients. There is a significant difference in perfomance mobility level between Active One Leg Standing and contactual Hand orientating Response (CHOR) exercise.Result: (1) The result of t-test related showed mean ± SB pre test (15.57 ± 2.29) and post test (21.42 ± 2.50) with p value <0.05. (2) The result of t-test related showed mean ± SB pre test (13.85 ± 3.93) and post test (18.14 ± 3.89) with p value <0.05. (3) The result of comparation test showed the mean ± SB group I (6.85 ± 1.06) and group II (4.28 ± 0.75) with p value <0.05.

Features of the cervix uteri in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps and micropolyps

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
◽  
D.G. German ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

The article presents the comparative analysis of the state of the cervix in women with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Patients and methods. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Results. According to the anamnesis of women in the I group were significantly more frequent diseases of the cervix, which corrected physical surgery methods, in particular cryodestruction. In group II, the representatives of these indicators were similar to healthy. Normal colposcopic picture met significantly less frequently in patients and I, and II group. The differences in the incidence of HPV high oncogenic risk in all groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Destructive methods used in the detection of any changes in the cervix are often overly aggressive, form scars and contributing to inflamaciones process. In the chain of events leading to the formation of PE, cervical pathology and its correction can take the basic place. Key words: endometrial polyp, micropolyps, chronic endometritis, uterine cervix, colposcopy.

scholarly journals Irisin levels in relation to metabolic and liver functions in Egyptian patients with metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma H. Rizk ◽  
Samah A. Elshweikh ◽  
Amira Y. Abd El-Naby
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Group Ii

Irisin is a new myokine that is suspected to influence metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there is a great controversy with respect to its level in cases of MetS and its correlation with different metabolic parameters. The present study assesses irisin levels in MetS patients and studies its relationship to metabolic and liver functions to evaluate the possible role of the liver in regulation of this level. Sixty subjects were included in this experiment, who were divided into 3 groups: group I (normal control), group II (MetS patients with normal liver enzymes), and group III (MetS with elevated liver enzymes and fatty liver disease). Serum irisin levels showed significant increases in groups II and III compared with group I, and significant increases in group III compared with group II. Also, irisin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, serum triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and liver enzymes. We concluded that serum irisin levels increased in patients with MetS, especially those with elevated liver enzymes, and had a positive correlation with parameters of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis with the possibility of hepatic clearance to irisin.

Comparison of the parameters of retinal sensitivity after vitrectomy due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

2021 ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
R.R. Fayzrakhmanov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Sukhanova ◽  
O.A. Pavlovsky ◽  
E.D. Bosov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Gas Tamponade ◽  
Group I ◽  
Silicone Oil Tamponade ◽  
Group Ii

Purpose. To compare the parameters of a light sensitivity (LS) of the central zone of a retina after vitrectomy due to reghmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with a silicone oil tamponade (SOT) and gas tamponade (GT). Material and methods. The study included 20 eyes after pars plana vitrectomy due to macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) by 25G. All patients were divided in 2 groups depending on the choice of the tamponade. The group I (10 eyes) included cases with the silicone oil tamponade (SOT) (1300 cSt), in the group II (10 eyes) – the gas tamponade (GT) (C2F6). The control group included contralateral eyes without ophthalmic pathology. All patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination and fundus- microperimetry (FMP) on the 30th day after removal of the SOT for the group I, or on the 30th day after the C2F6 tamponade for the group II. Results. According to FMP data, the parameter of average light sensitivity (LS) in the group I was significantly reduced, both in comparison with the group II (p=0.007) and the control group (p=0.003). Differentiation by zones in the group I revealed a decrease in each analyzed parameter in comparison with the control group (p<0.05) and a decrease in the 2nd zone (p=0.031) and the 4th zone (p=0.038) in comparison with the group II. In the 1st zone of the group I the formation of a relative scotoma was revealed in 4 cases out of 10 (40%). The parameters of light sensitivity (LS) in comparison with the control in the group II were significantly reduced when analyzed in each zone (p<0.05). A strong positive correlation was found between the Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and the average LS in the group II (r=0.87). Conclusion. There is a decrease in the functional parameters of the retina with SOT compared with GT in the form of a decrease in the LS parameter in the 10° zone according to FMP data. Key words: retinal detachment, photosensitivity, microperimetry, silicone tamponade.

To Compare Frequency of Sore Throat in Early Postop period in General Anesthesia and Endotracheal Intubation for Abdominal Surgeries who are given Dexamethasone and Normal Saline

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1229
Author(s):  
R. Farooqi ◽  
T. Iqbal ◽  
M. S. Mehmood ◽  
Z. Y. Bhatti ◽  
F. Liaquat
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group I ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: To Compare frequency of sore throat in early post operative period among patients undergoing general anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation for abdominal surgeries who are given dexamethasone and normal saline. Study Design: Randomized controlled study Setting: Department of Anesthesia/ ICU, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore Duration of study: Six months i.e. 25-09-2009 to 25-03-2010. Methodology: 120 patients undergoing elective general surgery on abdomen were selected. They were divided into two groups. Group I received dexamethasone 8mg (2ml) I/V pre-operatively and group II received 2ml normal saline I/V pre-operatively. Chi square test was used. Visual analogue (VAS) scale was used for recording sore throat. The VAS score ≤4 was considered as no sore throat and VAS scores>4 were considered as the sore throat. Results: Frequency of post-operative sore throat after the first 24 hours following GA and endotracheal intubation was lower in group (I) as compared to the control group (II). Eleven (20%) patients with dexamethasone had post-operative sore throat compared to thirty one (56.3%) patients in control group. (p<0.01). Conclusion: Pre-operative use of dexamethasone was associated with decreased incidence of post-operative sore throat. Keywords: Visual analogue scale (VAS), Post-operative sore throat, general anesthesia

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