CALCULATION ALGORITHM SCHEME OF PLACEMENT FOR PIPE PRODUCTS OF VARIOUS VARIETY IN THE BODY OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Global warming has become a problem of world wide, because it endangers living things. The consequences of global warming include the increase of the earth temperature and climate change. The increase of temperature (heating) in a city which is referred to urban heat island (UHI) is also the same problem in architecture. This research aimed to analyze the ambienttemperature of the UHI due to the motor vehicleactivities. Samples were taken from several locations: (1) Bahu Mall Parking area; (2) Manado Town Square 2 parking area; (3) along the Wolter Monginsidi street in front of Bahu Mall and (4) along the Piere Tendean street in front of Manado Town Square. This research used a quantitative method with a field survey. This research found that the ambient temperature increased when motor vehicles were stationary with engine on or moved. The temperature increased due to the heat from the engine and the reflection of the sun’s heat from the body of the vehicles. The heat level obtained from the survey was 34,8 0C to 39,4 0C. For this reason, a specific material for vehicle’s body is needed to prevent the increase of ambient temperature.

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PERBANDINGAN KADAR TIMBAL (Pb) PADA GORENGAN YANG DIJUAL DI JALAN SAM RATULANGI DAN PURWODADI KOTA PEKANBARU

Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan ◽

10.31258/jil.14.2.p.114-120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Yeli Hartuti ◽

Efriyeldi Efriyeldi ◽

Maria Erna

Keyword(s):

Lead Level ◽

Threshold Value ◽

T Test ◽

The Body ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Director General ◽

P Value ◽

Food Control ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fried Foods

Air pollution gives a negative impact to human health due to pollutants released by motor vehicles. From the several kinds of pollutants generated, CO is one of the most pollutants released by motor vehicles. Lead can contaminate the environment and can poisoning the living organisms. Lead can cause various disorders to the body and also organs such as hematopoietic system, neurological, endocrine, renal, gastrointestinal, hematological, and reproduction. This study aims to analyze the comparison of the levels of lead (Pb) in fried foods sold on Jalan Sam Ratulangi with fried foods sold on the edge of Jalan Purwodadi, Pekanbaru City. This research is descriptive quantitative. Samples in the form of bakwan which were taken by one trader by using a total sampling of 6 samples. The sample will then be examined quantitatively to determine the level of lead in the sample using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The results of the lead level examination will then be compared with the maximum limit of metal contamination according to the standards set by the Directorate General of Drug and Food Control No. 00.06.1.52.4011 Year 2009 to find out whether the fried foods sold in that location meet the Threshold Value (NAB), and compared using the SPSS t test. The results of the research after analysis using the t test, it is known that the p value is 0.216 when compared with a= 0.05, then p>a, so there is no significant difference between the fried foods sold on Jalan Sam Ratulangi and Purwodadi, Pekanbaru City, all samples exceed The threshold value set by the Regulation of the Director General of Drug and Food Control Number HK.00.06.1.52.4011 of 2009 is 0.25 mg/kg.

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IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF MOTOR VEHICLES BY INCREASING THE NOMINAL VOLUME OF THE BODY WHEN PERFORMING GRAIN HARVESTING OPERATIONS

VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM. P.A. KOSTYCHEVA ◽

10.36508/rsatu.2021.50.2.017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 122-128

Author(s):

А.С. СТЕПАШКИНА

Keyword(s):

Performance Indicators ◽

The Body ◽

Total Weight ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Dump Truck ◽

Body Volume ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Increase In Productivity ◽

Productivity Indicators ◽

Comparative Results

Проблема и цель. Целью исследования явилось изучение опытным и расчетным путем повышения производительности и увеличения эффективности использования автотранспортных средств за счёт увеличения номинального объема транспортного средства при использовании деревянных наставных бортов при осуществлении перевозок зерновых культур на примере пшеницы, ячменя и ржи при выполнении зерноуборочных работ. Методология. На основании расчетных показателей произведен анализ эффективности использования увеличенного объема кузова автосамосвала КамАЗ 65115 за счет применения деревянных наставных бортов высотой 0,3 м по четырем сторонам кузова. Проведен расчет таких показателей, как суммарная масса перевозимой продукции, производительность автомобиля при перевозке зерновых культур (пшеницы, ячменя и ржи) в соответствующих единицах. Проведен сравнительный анализ полученных результатов и сделаны соответствующие выводы. Результаты. На основании проведенных расчётов и экспериментов получены данные для сравнения результатов. Так, расчетным путем доказана эффективность применения наставных деревянных бортов для увеличения номинального объема кузова автомобиля, задействованного в перевозках зерновых культур. Увеличение объема кузова на 3 м³ при перевозках пшеницы позволило сократить простои автомобиля на 0,9 ч, при этом суммарная масса перевезенной продукции увеличилось на 20%, показатели производительности в соответствующих единицах также увеличились. Несущественное увеличение производительности за счет использования наставных бортов отмечено и при перевозках ячменя, при этом суммарная масса перевезённой продукции увеличилась на 4,7 %. Использование наставных бортов при перевозках ржи позволило увеличить суммарную массу на 3,3 %, при этом показатели производительности ухудшились. Problem and purpose. The purpose of the study was to study the experimental and calculated way to increase the productivity and increase the efficiency of the use of motor vehicles by increasing the nominal volume of the vehicle when using wooden lifting boards when transporting grain crops, for example, wheat, barley and rye when performing grain harvesting operations. Methodology. Based on the calculated indicators, the analysis of the efficiency of using the increased body volume of the KAMAZ 65115 dump truck due to the use of wooden lifting boards with a height of 0.3 m on the four sides of the body was carried out. The calculation of such indicators as the total weight of the transported products, the performance of the car when transporting grain crops (wheat, barley and rye) in the corresponding units is carried out. A comparative analysis of the results obtained and the corresponding conclusions are made. Results. Based on the calculations and experimental experiments, the results for comparative results are obtained. Thus, the effectiveness of the use of removable wooden sides to increase the nominal volume of the car body involved in the transportation of grain crops has been proved by calculation. The increase of the body by 3 m³ during the transportation of wheat allowed to reduce the downtime of the car by 0.9 hours, while the total weight of the transported products increased by 20%, the performance indicators in the corresponding units also increased. An insignificant increase in productivity due to the use of lifting boards was also noted in the transportation of barley, while the total weight of the transported products increased by 4.7%. The use of lifting boards in the transportation of rye allowed an increase in the total weight by 3.3%, while productivity indicators deteriorated.

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The Paths and Strategies for Increased Magnesium Applications in Vehicles

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 488-489 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

S. Schumann

Keyword(s):

Material Design ◽

The Body ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Short Term ◽

Cost Factor ◽

Production Models ◽

Extended Application ◽

Application Potential ◽

Volume Production ◽

The Cost

The use of magnesium in motor vehicles today and in future depends on numerous technical and economical factors, though the cost factor is essential. How might use of magnesium in vehicles develop, what prerequisites are necessary, what R&D efforts are required ? These questions will be addressed as follows based on component and project examples. The main focus of the current magnesium applications can be seen in the drive train and in the interior. In the short term, these applications will be further expanded: doubling the amount is feasible. This will be supported by the currently developed Mg alloys with extended application potential (creep resistance). Mg components in the body, Mg-sheets and Mg-extrusions applications will appear initially in niche-market and premium vehicles. This can prepare the way for and eventually lead to greater use of Mg in volume-production models as part of a multi-material design concept. The essential prerequisites for such increased use of magnesium will be discussed.

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PERANCANGAN ALARM ANTI MALING PADA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DALAM POSISI PARKIR MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR PIR (PASSIVE INFRARED RECEIVER) DAN SENSOR GETAR BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO R3

Jurnal Ilmiah ILKOMINFO - Ilmu Komputer & Informatika ◽

10.47324/ilkominfo.v4i1.106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jhonny Hendra cipta Pangaribuan ◽

Indra Gunawan ◽

Heru Satria T ◽

Sumarno . ◽

Ika Okta Kirana

Keyword(s):

Input Data ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

The Body ◽

Vibration Sensor ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Sensor Coverage ◽

Coverage Area ◽

Turn On ◽

Arduino Uno ◽

Motorized Vehicles

Abstrak: Masyarakat merasa keamanan saat ini tidaklah kondusif, banyak perampokan dan penodongan terhadap kendaraan bermotor, khususnya di area parkir dan mengakibatkan kerugian materi yang bagi kelas masyarakat tertentu dinilai besar. Semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat dalam penggunaan perangkat keamanan pada kendaraan bermotor mereka, terutama untuk sekarang ini belum banyak kendaraan yang di lengkapi sensor keamanan dari pabrikan pembuat kendaraan bermotor. Hal ini mendorong penulis untuk merancang perangkat pengaman pada kendaraan bermotor. Sistem pengaman ini menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno r3 yang dihubungkan dengan sensor PIR dan sensor SW-420 vibration sensor. Sensor PIR akan mendeteksi adanya pergerakan di sekitar kendaraan bermotor yang menyebabkan adanya perubahan tegangan. Perubahan tegangan dari sensor kemudian akan dijadikan sebagai data input oleh mikro kontroler dan diproses sehingga membuat LCD menyala serta buzzer/alarm berbunyi. Sistem pengaman ini mampu mendeteksi keberadaan manusia yang masuk dalam cakupan/coverage area sensor, maka suhu tubuh yang di pancarkan manusia akan di deteksi dan selanjutnya sensor akan aktif. Sedangkan sensor SW-420 akan mendeteksi getaran yang di timbulkan dari sentuhan atau getaran dari objek(manusia).Kata Kunci : Mikrokontroler, sensor PIR, buzzer, sensor SW-420 vibration.Abstract: The community feels that security at this time is not conducive. Many robberies and robbery of motorized vehicles, especially in the parking area, resulting in material losses, which are considered large for certain classes of society. Increasing needs of the community in the use of security devices on their motor vehicles, especially, for now, not many cars are equipped with safety sensors from manufacturers of motor vehicle manufacturers. This prompted the authors to design safety devices on motor vehicles. This security system uses an ARDUINO UNO R3 microcontroller connected to the PIR sensor and SW-420 vibration sensor. PIR sensor will detect any movement around the motorized vehicle, which causes a change in voltage. The sensor's voltage will then be used as input data by the microcontroller and processed so that the LCD will turn on, and the buzzer/alarm will sound. This safety system can detect humans who fall within the sensor coverage area, then the body temperature emitted by humans will be seen, and the sensor will then be active. In comparison, the SW-420 sensor will detect vibrations caused by touch or vibrations from objects (humans).Keywords: Microcontroller, PIR sensor, buzzer, SW-420 vibration sensor

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A Pilot Welfare Assessment of Working Ponies on Gili Trawangan, Indonesia

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9070433 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 433

Author(s):

Tova C. Pinsky ◽

I Ketut Puja ◽

Joshua Aleri ◽

Jennifer Hood ◽

Maria M. Sasadara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Baseline Data ◽

The Body ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Health Examination ◽

Future Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Access ◽

Working Equids ◽

Body Condition Scores

Many working equids in developing countries experience poor health and welfare due to environmental and management factors. Collecting baseline data on these populations is essential to inform education projects to improve equid health and welfare. Gili Trawangan is an island in Indonesia that has no motor vehicles and a working pony population of approximately 200. This pilot study sought to determine baseline data on their health, welfare, and husbandry to inform future health and welfare strategies. A cross-sectional study was performed in May 2017 consisting of a pony cart driver questionnaire (n = 33) and a basic pony health examination (n = 38). The body condition scores of ponies were 3/5 (60.5%), 2/5 (31.6%), and 1/5 (7.9%), while 38% and 92% of ponies had lameness and foot pathology, respectively, and 31 ponies (86.1%) had at least one wound. Thirty percent of cart drivers stated they would work their ponies despite evidence of injury or illness. Limited education, poor access to veterinary services, and remoteness pose barriers to improving pony health and welfare. Our results indicate a need for, and can help inform, targeted education programmes to improve the lives of working ponies and protect livelihoods and tourism on Gili Trawangan.

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Telematics of new vehicles for the purpose of pedestrian safety

JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE ◽

10.7251/jtttp2101035d ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Danislav Drašković ◽

Slobodan Tošić ◽

Тomislav Vujinović

Keyword(s):

Impact Energy ◽

Fatal Outcome ◽

The Body ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Real Field ◽

Deformation Potential ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Body Design ◽

Experimental Type ◽

The Impact

Pedestrians are a vulnerable group of traffic users who most often suffer serious physical injuries in collisions with motor vehicles, which very often have a fatal outcome. The modern automotive industry is investing great efforts in the development of active and passive protection systems for all traffic participants, including pedestrians. Pedestrian protection is tried to be achieved by changing the shape of the front parts of the vehicle, by using plastic materials with higher deformation potential which, in collision with the body of the pedestrian, will spend most of the impact energy on its own deformation and thus maximally spare the delicate biological tissue of the pedestrian. Instead of protruding, rigid metal structures of insignificant elasticity and deformation potential, today’s cars are characterized by appropriate body design, use of high elasticity materials and deformation of contact surfaces, specially shaped and integrated bumpers, elastic and raised bonnet, headlights integrated into the contour of the vehicle front which are capable of absorbing part of the impact energy. Modern research shows a certain efficiency of these improvements on modern cars. Most of these studies are of the experimental type and are done in strictly controlled conditions on dolls, often commissioned and funded by wealthy automobile corporations, while there is less research in real field conditions. Recently, experiments have been made with testing the active bonnet, the airbag under the bonnet, and the google model of gluing the pedestrian body.

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Dynamics of the Rolling Stock and the Choice of Parameters of Vibration Dampers

World of Transport and Transportation ◽

10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-4-2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

L. A. Sladkova ◽

A. N. Neklyudov

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Ride Comfort ◽

The Body ◽

Dynamic State ◽

Rolling Stock ◽

Calculation Algorithm ◽

Vibration Period ◽

Resistance Parameter ◽

Vibration Dampers

Modern railway rolling stock should meet requirements regarding comfort (maximum travel speed with minimum vibrations of wagons, noiselessness of movement, etc.).To eliminate the influence of dynamic loads, rolling stock is equipped with vibration dampers. The objective of the work is to select the parameters of the vibration dampers of rolling stock, depending on its characteristics, to ensure the due indicators of comfort and safety of transportation of passengers and goods by rail. To achieve this objective, applied methods of mathematical modelling were based on numerical programming of operation of dynamic systems. The indicators of vibration dampers are evaluated according to the results of studies of the dynamics of the rolling stock (in particular, of vibration protection rates).Assessment of dynamic state of the rolling stock implies application of methods of mathematical and physical modelling, which include the development of a physical and mathematical model, a calculation algorithm, and computer programming. The study of the mathematical model by numerical methods makes it possible to carry out a multifactorial experiment using a large number of input parameters (factors) and to select the characteristics of vibration dampers that are optimal for the conditions under consideration.To solve dynamic problems, the harmonic perturbation model, which is the most widespread, was specified in the form of a sinusoid with a period corresponding to the rail length.A quantitative assessment of the vibration process (frequency, amplitude) makes it possible to identify the main processes occurring in the system under consideration under various types of external load. The introduced assumptions related to rigidity, mobility and geometric immutability of the system allow determining the methods for obtaining a mathematical model and considering the vibrations as flat ones.The equations were solved in MathCad Prime 4.0 package using the Runge–Kutta method with automatic step selection. The subsequent study of the properties of the dynamic system was carried out by changing the resistance parameter of dampers of the first stage of spring suspension, while recording the values of the amplitude of the vibrations of the system and the period.The analysis of the results has shown that the vibration period of the body and bogies under any changes in the resistance parameter of the damper remains unchanged, while rational parameters of resistance of axle box dampers have been revealed for specified indicators. Hydraulic vibration dampers with the revealed parameters used on rolling stock help to reduce wear and damageability of running gears, improve ride comfort and traffic safety, as well as to reduce repair and maintenance costs.

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Numerical modeling of paddling blades activity

MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII ◽

10.37220/mit.2021.53.3.004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-46

Author(s):

С.И. Чепурко ◽

А.Ю. Яковлев

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Numerical Simulation ◽

Strouhal Number ◽

Body Movement ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The Body ◽

Resistance Force ◽

Calculation Algorithm ◽

Living Things ◽

Occurrence Mechanism

Гребные лопатки являются основным рабочим органом движителей, использующих для создания тяги силу сопротивления движению тела в жидкости. К таким движителям традиционно относятся гребные колеса, весельные движители и ряд бионических движителей живых существ. Целью работы является исследование и выявление гидродинамических особенностей работы гребных лопаток. Исследование выполнено с помощью численного моделирования работы лопаток в пакете OpenFoam. Для моделирования движения лопаток используется технология подвижных сеток. Алгоритм проведения расчетов был верифицирован на основе известных экспериментальных данных движения плохообтекаемых тел в жидкости. Исследовательские расчеты проводились в плоском и трехмерном случае, при четырех значениях числа Струхаля. Было выявлено образование шахматной дорожки вихрей переменного шага за движущейся лопаткой. Механизм возникновения этих вихрей, параметры и диапазон скоростей их существования существенно отличаются от известного решения Кармана для вихревой дорожки. Так же был подтвержден сугубо нестационарный характер сил, действующих на лопатке, и определена зависимость этих сил от числа Струхаля. The paddling blades are the main working body of the propulsors, which use resistance force of the body movement of in liquid to create the thrust. Such propulsors traditionally include paddle wheels, paddles, and a number of bionic propulsors of living things. The purpose of the work is to study and identify the hydrodynamic features of the paddling blades. The study was performed using numerical simulation of the blades operation in the OpenFOAM package. The technology of movable grids is used to simulate the blades movement. The calculation algorithm was verified on the basis of known experimental data on the poorly-flowing bodies motion in a liquid. The research calculations were carried out in the flat and three-dimensional case, with four Strouhal number values. The formation was revealed of a checkerboard vortices track with variable pitch behind the moving blade. The occurrence mechanism of these vortices, the parameters and the range of velocities of their existence differ significantly from the known Karman solution for a vortex path. The purely non-stationary nature was also confirmed of the forces acting on the blade, and the dependence was determined of these forces on the Strouhal number.

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PERBEDAAN LAMA WAKTU PAlANAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN TIMBAL PADA MAKANAN JAlANANGORENGAN YANG DIJUAL DI ALUN-ALUN KOTA MADIUN TAHUN 2014

GEMA LINGKUNGAN KESEHATAN ◽

10.36568/kesling.v12i2.69 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Evi Damayanti ◽

Rusmiati . ◽

Lilis Prihastini

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Threshold Limit Value ◽

The Body ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Test Results ◽

Limit Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Systemic Impact ◽

Long Time ◽

Lead Metal

One of the pollutants produced by motor vehicles is lead (Pb). Lead (Pb) is a toxic anddangerous heavy metal to the environment and have a systemic impact in human bodies. Lead (Pb) canenter the body through inhalation, snacks sold on the roadside without cover. This will be even moredangerous if the food is exposed for a long time. The purpose of this research was to determine the levelsof lead (Pb) in snacks based on exposure time during peddling in Madiun square in 2014.The research followed pre-experimental design using posttest only protocol. Data collection wasdone by sampling, documentation and observation. The population under study was the food peddlers offried soybean cakes along the roadside around Madiun square. The samples to be examined were friedsoybean cakes, in 3 replications and to be performed 3 times in each treatment and the exposure time ofthe 9 samples. Sampling was drawn by random sampling and data was to subjected to descriptiveanalysis.The results obtained from this research include the facts that all samples did contain heavymetals lead (Pb). The average levels of lead (Pb) before exposure was <0.01 .rnq / I, after an hourexposure was 0,021 mg / I, and after 2 hours of exposure was 0,033 mg / I. The concentration of lead(Pb) remained below the designated requirement, the Threshold Limit Value established by the DirectorGeneral of POMNo. HK.00.06.1.52.4011 regarding the maximum limit of lead metal contamination in food.One way ANOVA statistical test results obtained (p) > a so that HO means no Significant differencebetween exposure times i.e. a hours, 1 hour, and 2 hours in term of the lead content.The conclusion of this study is: there was no significant difference in lead content in snacks,namely the soybean cakes with the exposure time of 0 hours, 1 hour, and 2 hours, although there was anincrease based on the length of exposure time. Pedlers are encouraged to use a cloth cover / Stelling toreduce contamination of lead (Pb). Further research is necessaryto study the aerial concentration of leadin Madiun square.

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