scholarly journals Man as a subject of cognition in the perspective of pedagogical anthropology - Georgy Shchedrovitsky’s anthropological ideas and searches

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Andrei Harbatski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Of Cognition

scholarly journals The role of a stylistic device in creating the image of the author

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
N.V. Khalikova
Keyword(s):  
Main Subject ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
The World ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Subject Of Cognition ◽  
Artistic Image ◽  
Human Landscape ◽  
Stylistic Device ◽  
Book Culture

The purpose of the article is to compare the definitions of a stylistic device with modern philological ideas about the text and the image of the author as the main subject of cognition of reality in a feature. The methods of structural poetics make it possible to separate the stylistic means and methods as functionally different units of the artistic speech and the language of the writer. There is a steady connection between the worldview of the writer, their “image of the author” and their style. Autological and metalogical stylistic means are equally important for creating both an artistic and a non-artistic image (journalistic, scientific, everyday). Artistic means and techniques perform fundamentally different functions. Artistic means of image expressiveness contribute to the aesthetization of speech. Stylistic techniques organize the processes of meaning generation, preservation and transmission of meanings. The text records and reproduces artistic thinking, typical for this very writer, a set of ideas about a human, landscape, interior, ways of action and other classes of images. The artistic style is the same as the style of thinking, a level speech style of reflecting the perception of reality. The style can be adopted, it can be imitated and, thus, one can understand how the author thinks, what their manner of the aesthetic transformation of reality, forms of perception, is. The stylistic forms of the same author are reproduced from work to work, regardless of the plot and ideological content. To explain how the technique works is to identify the ways of the artistic thinking about the world (images). The stylistic device is closely connected with the intellectual book culture of society.

scholarly journals Categories of everyday knowledge in German professional discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00063
Author(s):  
Natalia Shnyakina ◽  
Anna Klyoster
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Categorical Structure ◽  
Cognitive Action ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Of Cognition ◽  
Everyday Knowledge

The study of language as a cognitive phenomenon makes it possible to identify patterns of categorical division of the world. This paper considers the issue of the characteristics of everyday knowledge categories verbalization in professional discourse. On the basis of language fragments, objectifying ideas about the cognitive situation, through frame analysis, surface realizations of significant cognitive categories are investigated, among which are the subject of cognition, the object, the cognitive action, the instrument, the result, space and time. The named semantic nodes form the categorical structure of the frame behind the language fragment. The analysis demonstrates the compatibility of everyday and scientific knowledge division by a speaker; still, it illustrates the specificity of the language expression of frame nodes within the framework of professional discourse.

scholarly journals Cognition, recognition, and the “game of interchange of arguments”

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Igor Davidovich Dzhokhadze
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenology Of Spirit ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Of Cognition ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
American Pragmatist ◽  
Modern Analytical ◽  
Normative Status

This article examines the key provisions of philosophical concept of the American pragmatist, representative of Pittsburgh School Robert Brandom, described in the commentaries to Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit” (published in separate volume in 2019). It is demonstrated that rational reconstruction of Hegel's philosophy's conducted by Brandom was intended to revive the legacy of the classic, taking into account peculiarities and trends of development of the modern analytical philosophy. The specificity of Hegelian approach towards the analysis of experience of human consciousness, Brandom traces in “hypostasization of the conceptual” and gradual separation from all kinds of idealistic antirealist doctrines that contrapose being-for-consciousness-in-itself to being of things and “disengage” the subject of cognition from objects of the world. Brandom claims that reality itself, things in themselves, is conceptually articulated, and thus cognizable. The author reveals the theoretical-methodological difference between Hegel's interpretation of normativity (“recognitive model”) and Kant's subjectivist approach: according to Kant, institutionalization of the normative status is exhausted by the gesture of accepting such as an autonomous subject; in Hegel’s opinion, the essential condition for founding the status is, as interpreted by Brandom, socio-communicative mediation (“assignment” of status to the subject by his interlocutors, as well as recognition of his assertions by interagents and audience). The article reviews Brandom's arguments against the reduction of Hegelian master – slave dialectic to the inner conflict of individual self-consciousness (position of J. McDowell). The conclusion is made that “re-description” of Hegel conducted by the American philosopher is of radically anachronistic nature, and sheds light on the views of author of the commentaries (primarily his semantic pragmatism and holism), but not on the content of work he provides commentaries to.

scholarly journals Mathematics and God’s Point of View

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Król
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Actual Infinity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Subject Of Cognition

Abstract In this paper the final stages of the historical process of the emergence of actual infinity in mathematics are considered. The application of God’s point of view – i.e. the possibility to create mathematics from a divine perspective, i.e. from the point of view of an eternal, timeless, omniscience and unlimited subject of cognition – is one of the main factors in this process. Nicole Oresme is the first man who systematically used actual infinity in mathematical reasoning, constructions and proofs in geometry.

scholarly journals Causality and Randomness as Objects of Perception in the Structure of Criminalistic Thinking

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-261
Author(s):  
Dmitry Bakhteev
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Random Search ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Subject Of Cognition

The author analyzes criminalistic mindset from two standpoints — as a set of guidelines and as a flexible system of tools for studying the crime incident — and notes that the process of investigating and solving crimes is represented in the cognition of the person studying it as a dynamic system developing from cause to effect. Thus, there is a transition from the a priori (fragmented) probability of evidential information to the a posteriori, reliable probability. The author stresses the importance of the analysis and synthesis mechanism of the investigator’s thinking, which allow them to avoid investigation mistakes or other distortions of information perception. Each consequence has a corresponding concrete cause, although one cause could lead to multiple consequences. Thus, the causality of a crime and the appearance of its traces are perceived in detail, i.e., the investigator studies the mechanism of how the crime was committed through the trace picture of crime consequences and chooses the most probable of all possible causes. The author points out the importance of verifying the obtained information because material information is subject to destructive physical and chemical processes, while the ideal information — to cognitive distortions of perception, memory and reproduction. However, even when the trace information is distorted, the cause-and-effect relations remain intact. The author stresses the significance of the version process in the establishment of the cause-and-effect relations. He also discusses the random factors present in the process of crime investigation and solution, which, on the one hand, have a negative impact on this process and, on the other, make it possible to resolve problem situations characterized by a lack of information. Randomness is most evident in the investigative situations of problematic or risky nature. It is noted that randomness acts as a strictly subjective feature dependent on the specifics of the criminalistic mindset of the subject of cognition, not on the features of the objective reality; the characteristics of randomness could differ at different levels of examining a problem. The author analyzes the structure of the consequences of random search as a decision-making method in the conditions of insufficient information: it is possible to continue random search, to update the version or to transform the investigative situation from the simple into the complex or vice versa.

scholarly journals Some questions of theoretical cartography

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-342
Author(s):  
Tengiz Gordeziani
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
Spatiotemporal Model ◽  
Spatiotemporal Information ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
One Year ◽  
Subject Of Cognition ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The article is devoted to current theoretical issues of modern cartography. The paper puts forward the concept of metacartography, which laid as the foundation for the Theory of Cartography as a science. The author of this concept is the outstanding Georgian cartographer Alexander Aslanikashvili, who is the founder of the theory of cartography. This concept, which in a new way comprehended the main categories of cartography (the subject of cognition of science, the method of studying a certain side of reality and language) by means of which cartography examines its subject, made it possible to raise some questions of theoretical cartography for research: 1) temporal synthesis; 2) timescale; 3) dynamic generalization. The temporary synthesis in the article is considered on the basis of the results of a theoretical study of A. Aslanikashvili, cartographic forms of analysis and synthesis. Temporal synthesis is studied by the example of diurnal state maps of natural-territorial complexes (steks). The process of temporary synthesis of the so-called “multi-temporal maps” is carried out for one year at three levels: 1) synthesis of dynamic maps for one month; 2) synthesis of dynamic maps for one season; 3) synthesis of dynamic maps for one year. As a result of the temporary synthesis of stacks maps, one synthetic map is compiled without loss of the initial spatiotemporal information. In the process of mapping there are used the so-called “spatiotemporal” diagrams. A new concept of “mapped time” was introduced. In cartography, two types of scale are investigated: a) the scale of space (degree of abstraction) and b) the scale of content (degree of generalization). The article studies the timescale when mapping stacks. In the work, this concept is defined as the degree of generalization of the essence of the development of the mapped phenomenon. The article explores another issue — dynamic generalization. The study is based on stacks’ maps for one year. It was found that dynamic generalization depends on the “degree of syntheticity” of the stecks maps. Dynamic generalization is in direct correlation with the number of dynamics maps of the spatiotemporal model phenomenon. The issues of temporal synthesis, time scale and dynamic generalization are in close relationship with each other. For example, dynamic generalization is the result of a temporary synthesis, and these processes are carried out with the presence of a time scale.

scholarly journals The resource component of the dynamic of socio-psychological adaptation and conflict resistance of junior students

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (120) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Artem S. Kashapov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Biology Students ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
Subject Of Cognition ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Junior Students ◽  
Resource Capacity

The article presents the author's understanding of the concept of adaptation as a process of interaction of the person with the environment, which unfolds in the form of activity that contributes to the transformation of the environment in accordance with the new conditions and goals of activity. From these positions, adaptation is studies in the context of the socialization of the person – a process that allows a person to acquire a new social status. Socio-psychological adaptability is consideres as an integrative quality of a person, characterized by the presence of cognitive, motivational, communicative and self-regulating components in its structure. These components nonadditively form a complete structure of socio-psychological adaptation, which has cognitive, motivating and transformative functions. The implementation of these functions increases conflict tolerance and ensures the use of adaptive actions in interpersonal interaction. The resource component of socio-psychological adaptation’s dynamic and conflict resistance of junior students is established. The reasons of biology students for the negative dynamic in the indicator «motivation of pursuit for success» are revealed. The need of psychology students for constant appeal to reflection and self-discovery in the learning process contributes to the formation of a positive attitude to their personality and self-acceptance. This personal orientation increases the resource capacity, which should be considered in the context of the activity of the subject. The resource component is determined by the non-homeostatic principle of its existence and the manifestation of its activity. Resource capacity is enriched in the process of carrying out activity and behavior. In this regard, resource capacity acts both as a process and as a result. Therefore, it is impossible to consider resource capacity outside of the subject of cognition, communication and activity.

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