scholarly journals Mathematics and God’s Point of View

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Król
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Actual Infinity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Subject Of Cognition

Abstract In this paper the final stages of the historical process of the emergence of actual infinity in mathematics are considered. The application of God’s point of view – i.e. the possibility to create mathematics from a divine perspective, i.e. from the point of view of an eternal, timeless, omniscience and unlimited subject of cognition – is one of the main factors in this process. Nicole Oresme is the first man who systematically used actual infinity in mathematical reasoning, constructions and proofs in geometry.

scholarly journals Islam and the Other: A Study on the Image of The Other in Early Muslim Societies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-292
Author(s):  
Cemal Özel
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Over Time

In this study, the Byzantine image in the religious and literary texts produced by Muslim societies in the first four centuries of the Hijra has been examined in terms of historical process. To this end, first, a theoretical basis has been established within the framework of the concepts of identity, difference, other, and othering. Then, the imagery of Byzantium is analyzed through the interpretation of the first five verses of the Surah Rûm, with regards to naming, politics, religion, culture, science, philosophy, art and women's descriptions. The main argument of the study is that the Byzantine image of Muslims cannot be addressed independent of the relationships established with Byzantium. From a historical point of view, it is seen that the image of Byzantium, which was initially positive, turned into negative depending on the course of relations and was balanced over time in terms of change, while the style and content of political and political imagery varied, there is very little variation in descriptions of social life with regards to Constantinople, Byzantine craftsmanship, family life and women. While the Qur'an and the Sunnah culture formed the basis of the Byzantine perception in the early days, political developments became dominant over time. On the other hand, Muslims did not deal with Byzantium in a monolithic, shallow and reductive way, but they used the distinction between “us” and “them” to improve the image of Islam and reinforce Muslim identity.

Лексическая неоднозначность в экспериментальных исследованиях: метаанализ

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Анжелика Дубасова
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lexical Ambiguity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lexical Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Ambiguous Words ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The article analyses experimental studies of lexical ambiguity (polysemy and homonymy). In total, 42 papers published between 1981 and 2017 were selected for analysis. Selected works were analyzed from the point of view of a) interaction of the main factors of lexical ambiguity resolution (meaning dominance and context), b) modularity/interactivity of language systems. The choice of these issues was caused by the fact that, despite a significant number of papers addressing them, a common theoretical model of lexical ambiguity resolution is still missing. The analysis concluded that none of the existing models could be chosen as the only true one. I believe that it is more promising to combine all models into one; in this case, we should not talk about “models” but about “algorithms” or “strategies”. This merge is compatible with the results of studies of hemispheric asymmetry, which showed that the right and left hemispheres differently process ambiguous words. This difference is projected on the difference between the two main points of view on language processing, interactive and modular. Also, as a result of the analysis, the properties of meaning dominance and context as the main factors influencing the perception of ambiguity are summarized, and the ways and possibilities of their interaction are determined. These factors can participate in the process of resolving ambiguity autonomously or together, with different functions, speed, and levels of perception.

Type-theoretical checking and philosophy of Mathematics

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽  
General Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
De Bruijn ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Way

After millennia of mathematics we have reached a level of understanding that can be represented physically. Humankind has managed to disentangle the intricate mixture of language, metalanguage and interpretation, isolating a body of formal, abstract mathematics that can be completely verified by machines. Systems for computer-aided verification have philosophical aspects. The design and usage of such systems are influenced by the way we think about mathematics, but it also works the other way. A number of aspects of this mutual influence will be discussed in this paper. In particular, attention will be given to philosophical aspects of type-theoretical systems. These definitely call for new attitudes: throughout the twentieth century most mathematicians had been trained to think in terms of untyped sets. The word “philosophy” will be used lightheartedly. It does not refer to serious professional philosophy, but just to meditation about the way one does one’s job. What used to be called philosophy of mathematics in the past was for a large part subject oriented. Most people characterized mathematics by its subject matter, classifying it as the science of space and number. From the verification system’s point of view, however, subject matter is irrelevant. Verification is involved with the rules of mathematical reasoning, not with the subject. The picture may be a bit confused, however, by the fact that so many people consider set theory, in particular untyped set theory, as part of the language and foundation of mathematics, rather than as a particular subject treated by mathematics. The views expressed in this paper are quite personal, and can mainly be carried back to the author’s design of the Automath system in the late 1960s, where the way to look upon the meaning (philosophy) of mathematics is inspired by the usage of the unification system and vice versa. See de Bruijn 1994b for various philosophical items concerning Automath, and Nederpelt et al. 1994, de Bruin 1980, de Bruijn 1991a for general information about the Automath project. Some of the points of view given in this paper are matters of taste, but most of them were imposed by the task of letting a machine follow what we say, a machine without any knowledge of our mathematical culture and without any knowledge of physical laws.

scholarly journals Female-Owned Innovative Startups in Italy: Status Quo and Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Paoloni ◽  
Giuseppe Modaffari
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Main Factors

The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the current literature of this business phenomenon with regard to gender studies and to point out what is substantially happening and what has happened in the Italian economic context. The main research questions were RQ1: How is the phenomenon of female Startups treated from a scientific point of view? RQ2: Which is the Italian situation of this phenomenon? The methodology used is both qualitative and explorative. A bidirectional analysis has been carried out for this purpose. In order to expand the first research question (RQ1), an analysis was carried out of the articles in the EBSCO database on the topic of female startups. In order to expand the second question (RQ2), an analysis was carried out on the data concerning the phenomenon of female startups, using the register of companies held at the Chambers of Commerce which were territorially competent. Our research, carried out within the Italian economic context, demonstrates how the phenomenon of Woman Startups (WSU), even if it is widely expanding, is inherent in all the typical elements of female entrepreneurship, as reported in the literature by gender scholars. The main factors that emerge for the WSU are the small size and the undercapitalization in the startup phase. This work contributes to the expansion of studies on the topic of startups in the context of gender and can be useful to the social context, new entrepreneurs, and practitioners of the sector.

Geoecological risk assessment on tourist-recreational territories: methodological aspects

Servis plus ◽  
10.12737/6470 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Михаил Сычев ◽  
Mikhail Sychev ◽  
Владимир Минаев ◽  
Vladimir Minaev ◽  
Александр Фаддеев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers geoecological risks on tourist and recreational areas. The focus is on the relationship fields of bioactive range (electric, magnetic, thermal, radiation, vibration, sound, and infrasound) with the grid of tectonic fault displacements and their influence on the psyche and health of tourists, servicing staff as well as on the state of buildings and structures of tourist-recreational complexes. The conclusion is made about the constant and qualitative carrying out of geoecological monitoring of the territory on which is carried out or planned to implement the tourist product and recreational activities. Discusses problems of the evaluation of geoecological risks, and to develop new and optimize existing strategies manage this risk and geoecological safety in the tourist and recreational activities. We analyze the main factors of environmental influence on tourist-recreational objects and describe the complex of problems connected with geoecological safety of tourist-recreational territories. In the light of the mentioned problems of geoecological safety authors greatest attention ispaidto natural hazards of geological origin, i.e. exogenous geological processes. Classification of the main exogenous geological processes is given. Specific examples of their appearance on tourist and recreational areas are discussed. When considering exogenous processes from the point of view of their possible danger to the objects of recreation and tourism, emphasize their connection with modern earth´s surface — the main component of the environment. The concept and examples «slow» disasters are given. Questions of quantitative evaluation of geoecological risks are discussed.

scholarly journals KEPRIBADIAN INTROVERT DALAM FOTOGRAFI EKSPRESI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ngesti Limna Sari
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
The Media ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Carl Gustav Jung ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Kepribadian manusia merupakan bentuk tingkah laku manusia berdasarkan sikap dan sifatnya. Kepribadian setiap manusia berbeda-beda, hal ini di pengaruhi oleh dua faktor utama yaitu, faktor internal dan eksternal. Carl Gustav Jung adalah seorang pencipta teori psikologi analitis membagi kepribadian manusia berdasarkan sikap jiwanya menjadi dua tipe yaitu introvert dan ekstrovert. Penciptaan dengan judul “Kepribadian Introvert dalam Fotografi Ekspresi” ini membahas mengenai kepribadian introvert pada manusia. Kepribadian introvert merupakan kepribadian manusia yang lebih cenderung fokus dengan dunia yang ada dalam dirinya sendiri dan membatasi dirinya dengan dunia luar sehingga dalam masyarakat umum, muncul penilaian yang kurang tepat. Sehingga muncul keinginan untuk memvisualkan bagaimana sebenarnya ciri-ciri kepribadian introvert dari sudut pandang seorang introvert dan teori mengenai kepribadian introvert. Media yang digunakan untuk penciptaan karya adalah fotografi ekspresi. Fungsi fotografi ekspresi adalah sebagai media ungkapan perasaan dan gagasan  seorang  fotografer.  Proses digital imaging dilakukan dalam penciptaan karya untuk penambahan elemen dan objek pendukung sebagai media penyampai pesan, agar pesan  yang  ada pada foto bisa sampai kepada penikmat foto. Tujuan penciptaan ini  adalah  untuk menggambarkan bagaimana kepribadian manusia khususnya introvert dapat divisualisasikan melalui media fotografi ekspresi.Human personality is a form of human behavior based on attitude and nature. The personality of every human being is different, this is influenced by two main factors, namely, internal and external factors. Carl Gustav Jung is a creator of analytical psychological theory dividing human personality based on his soul attitude into two types, namely introvert and extrovert. The creation of the title "Introverted Personality in Expression Photography" discusses introverted personality in humans. Introverted personality is a human personality that is more likely to focus on the world that exists in itself and limit itself to the outside world so that in the general public, an inappropriate assessment appears. So the desire arises to visualize how introverted personality traits actually are from the point of view of an introvert and the theory of introverted personality. The media used for the creation is expression photography. It’s for a medium to express the feelings and ideas of a photographer. The digital imaging process is carried out in the creation of works for the addition of supporting elements and objects as message delivery media, so that the message on the photo can reach photo lovers. The purpose of this creation is to describe how human personality, especially introverts, can be visualized through the media of expression photography. 

scholarly journals Philosophical and ideological views of Abai: historical and philosophical aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
D. Syzdykovа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
History Of

The authors attempt to consider the philosophical and ideological ideas of the great thinker and humanist Abay Kunanbayev. The analysis of Abay Kunanbayev's work has shown that there are poorly developed aspects, however, without claiming to cover all aspects of the problem comprehensively, the authors made an attempt to study the nature and essence of Abay's philosophical and ideological views in the work "Words of Edification" based on the material of Abay Kunanbayev's work "Words of Edification". The authors focused on the analysis of the philosophical content of the work "Words of Edification". The article uses a philosophical methodology that corresponds to the current level of spiritual and scientific- theoretical culture. The authors implemented scientific methods such as the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the principle of concrete historicism (the unity of historical and logical). Concrete historicism, exploring the history of the subject, considers the logic of the historically developing subject (process), this principle contributes to the active reflection of the historical process. Historicism traces and reproduces the essence of the historical process from the point of view of its formation and development in the system of concepts. Abay's creativity occupies a special place in the world culture, he raised spiritual culture to a new level, gave new examples of reflection of the Kazakh reality. Abai justified a new worldview, new thinking, new values, which are fundamentally different from everything that was in the traditional culture of the Kazakhs. In the work "Words of Edification", the object of criticism is the traditional Kazakh society. Criticism has a constructive character, as a result of which universal problems, ideas of kindness, humanity, compassion, mercy, freedom and responsibility are raised. Abai forms a new approach to the concept of labor. The great thinker showed the role of work in the formation and development of a person, personality, that through work and activity it is possible to comprehend knowledge, science. Abay expressed a new approach to religion, he contrasted blind faith with a reasonable study of Islam, when they accept Iman not only as something sacred, but also know how to protect and strengthen it with reasonable arguments. Abay developed a new ideal of a perfect, true person, "tolyk adam", who strives for knowledge, is a moral person, recognizes freedom of choice and responsibility. The moral code of the great humanist is "Adam Bol". Abay, determining the status of a person in the world, notes that a person's mind, erudition, honor and charm make him beautiful and strong, he focuses on spirituality, knowledge, education and culture.

scholarly journals The Formation of Ukrainian Population in the Altai Okrug During the Resettlements of 1865–1917

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Lyulya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Land Usage ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Given

This article aims to explore the resettlement and formation of the Ukrainian population in Altai in 1865–1917 from a complex historical-geographic point of view. For achieving this aim, the following objectives were set: to reveal the main reasons of Ukrainian population’s migration mobility in traditional places of their living; to identify factors influencing their choice of settlement and formation of settlements in the new territory; to highlight the stages of settlement; to map zones of settlement of Ukrainians in the territory of Russian Altai. The source base of the research consists of legislative acts, statistical data from the State Archive of Altai Krai. Of special significance are accounts on the directions, general outputs and activities of the Resettlement Department during Stolypin’s agrarian reform, and periodicals. A specific and complementing group of sources is the fieldwork data collected by the author and other staff of the Oral History and Ethnography Center at Altai State Pedagogical University in Altai Krai in areas of Ukrainian settlement (Romanovsky, Volchikhinsky, Pankrushikhinsky, Egoryevsky, Krutikhinsky, Krasnogorsky, Rodinsky Districts) and partially in Qarasouk District in Novosobirsk Oblast; more than 120 interviews in total. The analysis of the sources allowed determining and describing the main factors of the Ukrainian population’s mass resettlement to Siberia, particularly to Altai, in the given time frame. The objective factors were the shortage of land for cultivation caused by the crisis of existing land usage, the rapid increase of land-poor peasants, the worsening of peasants’ material stand in Ukrainian regions. The subjective factors were the construction of railways, the introduction of the system of medical and food assistance for resettlers on their way to new locations, rumors about free land that made peasants leave their homeland and migrate to new non-cultivated territories. The Ukrainian resettlement to Altai may be divided into three main stages: 1865–1888, 1889–1905, 1906–1917, taking into account the specificity of each stage and mapping the main zones of the Ukrainian resettlement. The zones were allocated based on the existence of the resettlers’ culture with sustained intra-ethnic connections, with the preserved (in some degree) historical self-consciousness (the nuclear zone is Rodinsky, Romanovsky, Blagoveshshensky and Kulundinsky Districts), and the gradual extinction of ethnicity, oblivion and loss of ethnic identity (the periphery is Aleysky, Pospelikhinsky, Novichikhinsky, Egoryevsky, Rubtsovsky, Mamontovsky, Pankrushikhinsky, Krutikhinsky, Krasnogorsky, Topchikhinsky Districts).

scholarly journals New opportunities of Adaptation of Kazakhstan TV channels to the YouTube platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Sh.Y. Kaliazhdarova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Niyazgulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Media ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Online Audiences ◽  
Scientific Opinion ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Small Production ◽  
Main Factors

Now Kazakhstani TV channels are adapting to the digital environment. However, they have not yet fully understood the capabilities and requirements of the new environment. There are undoubtedly different problems. According to television experts, the number of viewers on traditional channels is decreasing per year. The youth audience is completely excluded from television. The main reason for this is the increase in the number of YouTube channels. Most of the electronic media have opened their own channels on this platform. But, TV channels can only broadcast their programmes online. However, the YouTube hosting requirements for video content are different. From this point of view, we are looking for scientific answers to the question of what prevents the improvement of the online network of domestic channels, why small production studios cannot take over YouTube. The results of the study show that domestic TV channels have done a great job in this network. TV channels on YouTube are mainly focused on information products. And given that online audiences are interested in entertainment content, channels will have to do some research in that direction. The article also provides a scientific opinion on this matter. The study also provides a scientific analysis of the main factors contributing to the development of Kazakhlanguage channels on YouTube.

A Conflict in the Identity of Traditional Iranian Houses: The Case of Qajar Dynasty

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Amirreza Farahbod ◽  
Uğur Dağli
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Traditional Construction

From an architectonic point of view, the identity of Iranian houses has become more enriched itself throughout history. Primarily, during the Qajardynasty (1785-1925)as a consequence of the social, political, and economical changes which took place, there was a turning point from traditional architectural construction to the modernism principals of construction. In this regard, this studyaims toexplore the importance of the compatibility of the termidentity of architecture in the transformation age (a period which led tothe turning point in the history of Iranian architecture) bydescriptive (including comparative and co-relational methods) and explanative-analytical methods. By evaluating the spatial characteristics of TraditionalIranian Houses (TIH), the study has developed a method of assessingthe architectural identity of the Qajar era. It alsointroduceda Top-down and Bottom-up processing method as the two main factors in shapingthe identityofan architectural style. By comparing both the objective and subjective indicators of shapingthe identity of TIH, the study also revealed that, in transitioning from the traditional construction to modern, the physical characteristics of the houses might change considerably, whilst lifestyles will not change at the same speed.

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