scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE ELEMENTOS FILTRANTES DE MANTA SINTÉTICA NÃO TECIDA E DE DISCO NO TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA PARA IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogerio Pereira da Silva Airoldi ◽  
José Euclides Stipp Paterniani ◽  
Tulio Assunção Pires Ribeiro ◽  
Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Synthetic Fabric

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE ELEMENTOS FILTRANTES DE MANTA SINTÉTICA NÃO TECIDA E DE DISCO NO TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA PARA IRRIGAÇÃO   Rogério Pereira da Silva Airoldi José Euclides Stipp PaternianiTúlio Assunção Pires Ribeiro Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da SilvaDepartamento de Água e Solo, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP. CP 6011, CEP: 13083-970, E-mail:[email protected].  1 RESUMO  A pesquisa realizada propôs uma investigação experimental para a avaliação do desempenho dos meios filtrantes disco (130 mm) e manta sintética não tecida na filtração da água utilizada em um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento com fertirrigação organomineral. Utilizou-se água de um reservatório aberto, localizado no campo experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola – UNICAMP, onde foi instalado um módulo de irrigação localizada para o estudo. O desempenho dos filtros foi avaliado através de análises físicas, químicas e biológicas da água afluente e efluente aos filtros, e da evolução da perda de carga nos mesmos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três etapas de 30 dias, realizadas em diferentes estações do ano. Os resultados apontaram que não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois elementos filtrantes com relação à remoção de partículas em suspensão na água. No entanto, o filtro de disco apresentou menor perda de carga localizada em relação ao filtro de manta. Desta forma, concluiu-se que, para as condições experimentais de qualidade da água, o filtro de disco apresentou desempenho pouco superior ao filtro de manta. No entanto, podem-se desenvolver filtros especialmente adaptados aos elementos filtrantes de manta sintética para que a eficiência deste elemento supere a do disco, principalmente com relação à perda de carga.  UNITERMOS: irrigação localizada, fertirrigação, filtração, qualidade de água.  AIROLDI, R. P. da S.; PATERNIANI, J. E. S.; RIBEIRO, T. A. P.; SILVA, M. J. M. da COMPARISON OF NON-WOVEN SYNTHETIC FABRIC AND DISC FILTERS FOR IRRIGATION WATER TREATMENT  2 ABSTRACT  The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the disc (130 mm) and non-woven synthetic fabric filter performance in water filtration using a trickle irrigation system with fertigation. The source of water used in this experiment was from an open reservoir, located in the experimental field of the Agricultural Engineer College – UNICAMP, where an experimental trickle irrigation system has been installed.  The filter performance was evaluated through water analysis by physical, chemical and biological parameters and the head loss evolution on it. The research was developed over three phases of 30 days each in different seasons. The results have shown that there were not significant differences among filters concerning the water suspended particle removal. However, the disc filter presented lower head loss than the non-woven synthetic fabric filter. Therefore, for these water quality conditions the disc filter presented higher performance than the non-woven synthetic fabric filter, although non-woven synthetic fabric filters should be improved in order to obtain  filters with reduced head loss and increased performance.  KEYSWORDS: localized irrigation, fertigation, filtration, water quality.

scholarly journals Water quality and head loss in irrigation filters

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Túlio Assunção Pires Ribeiro ◽  
José Euclides Stipp Paterniani ◽  
Rogério Pereira da Silva Airold ◽  
Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
Synthetic Fabric

Among the irrigation systems used today, trickle irrigation is one of the most efficient methods. This research, conducted by means of field tests, had the objective of comparing head loss evolution on water filtration with a disc filter (130 mum) and a non-woven synthetic fabric filter used in a drip irrigation system. The test consisted of fertirrigation with organic fertilizer, and chemical treatment of the water with sodium hypochlorite. Physical, chemical, and biological parameters were analyzed, such as: pH, turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids, EC, hardness, Langelier index, total iron, manganese, sulfides, algae, and bacteria. The water source used in this experiment was from an open reservoir, where an experimental trickle irrigation system had been installed. The research was developed in four steps lasting 30 days each, during different seasons. The chemical factors pH, total iron, and concentration of sulfides presented a medium risk of clogging the emitters. All other physical and biological water quality parameters analyzed resulted in values that did not present an emitter-clogging risk. There was a correlation of results between physical parameters turbidity, suspended solids, and algae, and suspended solids. Fertirrigation influenced water quality. The concentration of free chlorine was higher in the effluent from the disc filter. Head loss evolution in the non-woven synthetic fabric filter was more striking and faster than in the disc filter.

scholarly journals O EFEITO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NO ENTUPIMENTO DE EMISSORES E NO DESEMPENHO DE FILTROS UTILIZADOS NA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO

Irriga ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulio Assunção Pires Ribeiro ◽  
José Euclides Stipp Paterniani ◽  
Rogério Pereira da Silva Airoldi ◽  
Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Medium Risk

O EFEITO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NO ENTUPIMENTO DE  EMISSORES E NO DESEMPENHO DE FILTROS UTILIZADOS NA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO   Túlio Assunção Pires Ribeiro; José Euclides Stipp Paterniani; Rogério Pereira da Silva Airoldi; Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da SilvaDepartamento de Água e Solo, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, [email protected]   1 RESUMO  O presente trabalho teve como objetivo proceder a investigação experimental de uma fonte hídrica superficial, utilizada em um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, bem como verificar sua influência na obstrução dos gotejadores e no desempenho de dois filtros um de disco e outro de mata sintética não tecida. A água de irrigação foi clorada, empregando-se hipoclorito  de sódio. Utilizou-se água provinda de um reservatório aberto, onde foi instalado um módulo de irrigação localizada para o estudo.  Analisou-se a variação temporal da qualidade da água durante um ano, onde considerou-se os principais parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos da água que causam problemas de entupimentos nos emissores. O desempenho dos filtros foi feito através da comparação das concentrações dos efluentes dos filtros de disco (usualmente utilizado para este fim) e manta sintética não tecida,  em relação aos parâmetros físicos e biológicas. O grau de obstrução dos emissores foi avaliado através de ensaios de vazão que determinaram a uniformidade de distribuição da água através de dois índices, onde variou-se o número de emissores amostrados.  A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em quatro etapas de 30 dias, realizadas em diferentes estações do ano. Os resultados apontaram na água de irrigação, que os parâmetros químicos pH e o ferro apresentaram médio risco de entupimento e sulfetos de hidrogênio mostraram alto risco de entupimento.  Não houve uma diferença no desempenho do filtro de manta e de disco com relação aos parâmetros físicos e biológicos de seus efluentes.  Os valores das médias dos índices de uniformidade de distribuição de água foram bem próximos para as duas parcelas que utilizaram os dois filtros de manta e disco.  UNITERMOS: irrigação localizada, índice de uniformidade, filtração, manta sintética não tecida, tratamento químico  RIBEIRO, T. A. P.; PATERNIANI, J. E. S.; AIROLDI, R. P. da S.; SILVA, M. J. M. da THE WATER QUALITY EFFECT IN THE CLOGGING OF EMITTERS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF FILTERS UTILIZED IN THE TRICKLE IRRIGATION  2 ABSTRACT  The present work aimed to carry out an experimental investigation of a superficial water source utilized in trickle irrigation as well as verify its influence in the clogging of drippers and in the performance of two filters: a disc one and a non woven synthetic one. The irrigation water was chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite. The water used in this experiment was from an open reservoir where an experimental trickle irrigation system was installed. The temporal variations of the water quality was assessed for one year, considering the main physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water that causes clogging in the emitters. The filter performance was assessed by comparing the effluent concentration in the disc filters (normally used for this purpose) and in non-woven synthetic fabric, for physical and biological parameters. The emitter obstruction degree was assessed through flow tests which determined the uniformity of water distribution through two rates where the number of sampled emitters varied. The research was developed in four 30-day stages, carried out in different seasons of the year. For the irrigation water, the results indicated that the chemical parameters (pH) and iron showed a medium risk of clogging whereas hydrogen sulphites showed a high risk of clogging. There was not a difference in the performance of fabric and disc filters in relation to physical and biological parameters of their effluents. The average values for  water distribution uniformity rates were pretty close for the two blocks that utilized both disc and fabric filters.  KEYWORDS: trickle irrigation, uniformity index, filtration, non-woven synthetic fabrics, chemical treatment

Removal of particles using dual media filtration: modeling and experimental studies

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. O'Melia ◽  
J.Y. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
Filtration Modeling

The performance of packed beds using dual media for removing particles is examined using both predictive mathematical modeling and experimental column studies. Models for the effectiveness of clean filter beds were used to simulate the effects of chemical pretreatment and filtration rate on particle removal at the onset of filtration runs. Experimental studies were conducted over complete filtration runs and were evaluated using measurements of head loss development and removals of turbidity, UV254 absorbance, and particles. The results indicate that dual media beds have significant advantages over monomedia beds during both filter ripening and filter breakthrough; they are particularly helpful at high filtration rates and during periods of inadequate chemical pretreatment. Finally, particle counts provide an earlier indicator of deteriorating filter performance than turbidity measurements at the end of a run.

scholarly journals Improving Filtrate Quality Using Agrobased Materials as Coagulant Aid

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar Raghuwanshi ◽  
Monika Mandloi ◽  
Arvind J. Sharma ◽  
Hanumat S. Malviya ◽  
Sanjeev Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Media ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Strychnos Potatorum ◽  
Filter Bed

Abstract In the present study, an evaluation of agrobased materials (ABM) as a coagulant aid in conjunction with alum has been conducted to determine their efficacy in water treatment. The agrobased materials evaluated are Surjana seed (Moringa oleifera), Nirmali seed (Strychnos potatorum) and maize (Zeemays). Experiments have been conducted simulating a conventional water treatment train consisting of coagulation-flocculation-settling and granular media filtration. Emphasis has been given to the filtration aspect of the treatment train using synthetic turbid water. The filter performance was defined by water quality and head loss development across the filter bed. When Nirmali seed or maize was used as a coagulant aid, the alum dose required was 25 and 15 mg/L, respectively, and the filtrate turbidity achieved was less than 0.2 NTU, whereas alum alone with a dose of 45 mg/L achieved filtrate turbidity levels higher than 1 NTU. Thus, the use of ABM improved the filtrate quality. Head loss in filter with Surjana seed and Maize as coagulant aids was comparable to that of alum alone, whereas it was higher when Nirmali seed was used as a coagulant aid.

scholarly journals Performance of non woven synthetic fabric and disc filters for fertirrigation water treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Túlio Assunção Pires Ribeiro ◽  
José Euclides Stipp Paterniani ◽  
Rogério Pereira da Silva Airoldi ◽  
Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Synthetic Fabric

Obstruction of emitters caused by the presence of solid particles in the water raises the cost and maintenance of trickle irrigation systems, and might compromise their utilization. This research was performed through test fields, with the objective of evaluating the performance of a disc filter (130 microns) and a non woven synthetic fabric filter on the removal of physical, chemical and biological impurities from the irrigation water, which may cause emitter obstruction during fertirrigation processes. The evaluation criteria of the impurities present in the irrigation water, were based on studies performed on trickle irrigation systems. Specifically, physical, chemical and biological parameters analyzed in the inflow and outflow water from both filters were: pH, turbidity, total suspended solids, salinity, total iron, sulphites, manganese, algae and bacteria. Results pointed to chemical factors, which presented medium clogging risks to the emitters; those factors were: pH, total iron and sulphite concentration. All the other parameters of water quality did not present clogging risks. A comparative analysis of head loss evolution, according to the filtered volume, was also atempted Non woven synthetic fabric filter presented a higher evolution when compared to the disc filter.

scholarly journals PORTABLE SAND FILTER FOR SMALL DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Cleomar Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Marconi Batista Teixeira ◽  
Adriana Ramos ◽  
Renato Moreira da Silva ◽  
Pedro Henrique Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Sand Filter

PORTABLE SAND FILTER FOR SMALL DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS  CLEOMAR FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA1; MARCONI BATISTA TEIXEIRA2*; ADRIANA RAMOS3; RENATO MOREIRA DA SILVA4; PEDRO HENRIQUE PINTO RIBEIRO5 E JOSÉ ANTÔNIO FRIZZONE6 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. IFMinas Gerais - Campus Muzambinho, MG.2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. IFGoiano - Campus Rio Verde, GO. *E-mail: [email protected] Engenheira Agrônoma, Profa. Dra. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – Ilhéus, BA.4 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, LEB - ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba - SP.5 Tecnólogo em Irrigação e Drenagem, Doutorando, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UNESP/FCA, Botucatu, SP.6 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Titular, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, LEB - ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba - SP.  1 ABSTRACT Filters in drip irrigation systems are fundamental to ensure effective control of water quality and to reduce clogging of emitters. Current study aims at constructing a low cost portable sand filter for small localized irrigation systems (up to 1.0 ha) and at determining its head loss due to flow. Tests were carried out in the Hydraulic Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering Department of Agriculture School “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo. Magnetic-induction Conaut Krohne model IFS 4000 w/6 with IFC 090 D signal convert of discharge, reading range between 0 and 90 m3.h-1 and 99% precision, was used for flow rate measurements. Pressure loss at each observation point was determined indirectly by two differential pressure gauges with a mercury column. A set of 20 flow readings was performed in three replications. Results showed that maximum filter discharge complied with ASAE guidelines and the cost of materials for manufacture of the filter was U$ 382.15. Linear mathematical model adequately describes the loss of pressure of the sand filter due to flow variation. Rates of minimum and maximum flow recommended range between 0.0257 m3.h-1 and 0.556 m3.h-1, and thus may satisfy small trickle irrigation projects. Keywords: Filtration, water quality, head loss, flow rate.

Irrigation of Geraniums with an Automatic Controlled Water Table System

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 522d-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Buxton ◽  
D.L. Ingram ◽  
Wenwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Optimum Water

Geraniums in 15-cm pots were irrigated automatically for 8 weeks with a Controlled Water Table (CWT) irrigation system. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution supplied by a capillary mat with one end of the mat suspended in a trough below the bottom of the pot. The nutrient solution remained at a constant level in the trough. Nutrient solution removed from the trough was immediately replaced from a larger reservoir. The vertical distance from the surface of the nutrient solution and the bottom of the pot determined the water/air ratio and water potential in the growing media. Treatments consisted of placing pots at 0, 2, 4, and 6 cm above the nutrient solution. Control plants were irrigated as needed with a trickle irrigation system. Geraniums grown at 0,2 and 4 CWT were ≈25% larger than the control plants and those grown at 6 CWT as measured by dry weight and leaf area. Roots of plants grown at 0 CWT were concentrated in the central area of the root ball; whereas roots of plants in other treatments were located more near the bottom of the pot. Advantages of the CWT system include: Plant controlled automatic irrigation; no run off; optimum water/air ratio.

LYSIMETERS WITH RAINFALL AND SOIL WATER CONTROL

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. KRISTENSEN ◽  
H. C. ASLYNG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Radiation Equipment ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Growth Experiments

The lysimeter installation described comprises 36 concrete tanks each with a soil surface of 4 m2. The installation is useful for plant growth experiments under natural conditions involving different treatment combined with various controlled water supplies. The ground installation is at least 20 cm below the soil surface and tillage can be done with field implements. The lysimeter tanks are provided with a drainage system which can drain the soil at the bottom (100 cm depth) to a tension of up to 100 cm. A constant ground-water table at less than 100 cm soil depth can also be maintained. The soil moisture content at different depths is determined from an underground tunnel by use of gamma radiation equipment in metal tubes horizontally installed in the soil. Rainfall is prevented by a movable glass roof automatically operated and controlled by a special rain sensor. Water is applied to the soil surface with a special trickle irrigation system consisting of a set of plastic tubes for each lysimeter tank and controlled from the tunnel. Fertilizers in controlled amount can be applied with the irrigation water.

Analytical Head Loss Equation of Center-Pivot Irrigation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Seyedzadeh ◽  
Amir Panahi ◽  
Eisa Maroufpoor ◽  
Abdolmajid Liaghat
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Center Pivot
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