scholarly journals DISTRIBUIÇÃO DO SISTEMA RADICULAR DE PLANTAS JOVENS DE LIMA ÁCIDA ‘TAHITI’ SOB DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alves Júnior ◽  
Mateus Dos Santos Lourenção ◽  
Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽  
Cláudio Ricardo da Silva ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Folegatti
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Citrus Latifolia ◽  
Citrus Root ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Different Levels

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DO SISTEMA RADICULAR DE PLANTAS JOVENS DE LIMA ÁCIDA ‘TAHITI’ SOB DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO   José Alves Júnior; Mateus dos Santos Lourenção; Tonny José Araújo da Silva; Cláudio Ricardo da Silva; Marcos Vinícius FolegattiDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura “ Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, [email protected]   1 RESUMO  O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição do sistema radicular de lima ácida ‘Tahiti’ (Citrus latifolia Tan), irrigada por gotejamento, sob o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação em condições de campo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em duas repetições com arranjo fatorial de cinco lâminas de irrigação (0%; 25%; 50%; 75% e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura medida em um lisímetro de pesagem), duas profundidades (0,0-0,3 e 0,3-0,6 m) e quatro pontos de amostragem (0,3; 0,6; 0,9 e 1,2 m de distância do tronco). A análise foi realizada em um pomar com 30 meses de idade e 17 meses de fornecimento das diferentes lâminas de irrigação. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferenças entre as lâminas quanto à distribuição das raízes em profundidade, concentrando-se na camada de 0,0-0,3m. Entretanto, a distribuição horizontal foi maior nos níveis baixos (0%; 25% e 50%) do que nos maiores níveis (75% e 100%). Nas plantas irrigadas com 75% e 100% houve concentração das raízes até 0,6 m, indicando que o déficit hídrico induziu o crescimento horizontal das raízes.  UNITERMOS: citros; raiz; manejo da irrigação; Citrus latifolia Tan   ALVES JUNIOR, J.; LOURENÇÃO, M.S.; SILVA, T.J.A.; SILVA, C.R.; FOLEGATTI, M.V. ROOT SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION OF YOUNG ‘TAHITI’ ACID LIME TREES UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF IRRIGATION   2 ABSTRACT  The aim of this study was to evaluate the root system distribution of young ‘Tahiti’ (Citrus latifolia Tan) acid lime irrigated by drip system under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a factorial design with two replications that consisted of five levels of irrigation (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration measured by a weighing lysimeter) and two depths (0.,0-0.3 and 0.3-0.6 m) as well as four horizontal sample points (0.3; 0.6; 0.9 and 1.2 m of distance from trunk). The analysis was carried out in a 30-month-old orchard and  17 months after the beginning of irrigation levels. The results showed that there were no differences in root distribution as to depths, most of them at 0.0-0.3m. However, the horizontal distribution was bigger at lower levels (0, 25 and 50%) than in the highest levels (75 and 100%). In the latter, root concentration reached up to 0.6m, indicating that water stress induced the root growth horizontally  KEYWORDS: citrus; root; irrigation management; Citrus latifolia Tan

scholarly journals Performance of processing tomatoes under different supply levels of crop evapotranspiration

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Cícero J Silva ◽  
Nadson C Pontes ◽  
Adelmo Golynski ◽  
Marcos B Braga ◽  
Alice M Quezado-Duval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Levels

ABSTRACT Irrigation management is essential to promote appropriate plant growth and guarantee production and quality of the tomatoes for processing, increases the efficiency of nutrients use and contributes to ensure the sustainability of the production chain. This study was installed to evaluate productive performance of two processing tomato hybrids submitted to five water depths under drip irrigation system. Five levels of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement (60%, 100%, 140%, 180% and 220%) and two tomato hybrids (BRS Sena and H 9992) were tested. The experimental design was a 5×2 factorial arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. During the crop cycle, hybrids BRS Sena and H 9992 needed 692.20 and 418.43 mm of water, yielding 80 and 44.06 t ha-1, respectively. For both hybrids, the higher water productivity was observed when lower levels of irrigation were applied. Higher productivities and pulp yields of ‘BRS Sena’ and ‘H 9992’ were noticed when replacing 150-166% and 99-101% ETc, respectively. We observed that improving the performance of processing hybrid tomatoes is possible by adjusting irrigation levels for each hybrid according to growing conditions.

scholarly journals Carrot yield and water-use efficiency under different mulching, organic fertilization and irrigation levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Daniel F. de Carvalho ◽  
Daniela P. Gomes ◽  
Dionizio H. de Oliveira Neto ◽  
José G. M. Guerra ◽  
Janaína R. C. Rouws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the contributions to the optimization of water use in a carrot crop under different forms of mulch using Gliricidia sepium, fertilization with castor bean cakes and irrigation water depths. The experiment was conducted in Seropédica, RJ, Brazil (22º 46’ S and 43º 41’ W), from June to September 2010. The experiment was conducted using a split-split-plot scheme (5 x 3 x 2), with four replicates. The five plots had irrigation depths corresponding to 0, 43, 72, 100 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc); the three subplots contained the different forms of mulch (whole leaves (WL) and chopped leaves and branches (CLB)) and the absence of mulch (AM); and the two sub-subplots contained either the presence (PF) or absence of fertilization (AF). Using time domain reflectometry (TDR) in the irrigation management, water depths ranging from 67.8 to 285.5 mm were applied. The use of mulch in association with fertilization led to higher yields and water-use efficiency (WUE) of the carrot plants, and the mulch composed of WL performed best. The application of irrigation depths corresponding to 97% of ETc promoted the highest carrot yields, although the highest values of WUE were observed, with irrigation depths corresponding to a range from 51 to 68% of ETc.

scholarly journals Agronomic aspects of soybean plants subjected to deficit irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônia C. Nunes ◽  
Francisco M. L. Bezerra ◽  
Roberta A. e Silva ◽  
José L. C. da Silva Júnior ◽  
Flávia B. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Irrigation Levels

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of soybean plants subjected to irrigation management with controlled water deficits in different phenological stages. The research was conducted in an experimental area of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), in Palmas-TO, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates, and treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme. The plots consisted of irrigation levels that induced plants to water deficit in the vegetative stage, reproductive stage and throughout the entire cycle, based on potential crop evapotranspiration (ETpc). The subplots corresponded to two soybean cultivars (M9144RR and TMG1288RR). The following agronomic variables were evaluated: days until flowering, days until maturation, plant height, first pod height, number of pods per plant, stem diameter, leaf area and yield. Irrigation management with moderate water deficit, 50% of ETpc, in the vegetative stage, promoted the best agronomic characteristics and contributed to increase the yield of the evaluated soybean cultivars, especially M9144RR.

scholarly journals Response of young 'Tahiti' lime trees to different irrigation levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alves Júnior ◽  
Marcos V. Folegatti ◽  
Cláudio R. da Silva ◽  
Tonny J. A. da Silva ◽  
Adão W. P. Evangelista
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels on canopy and root growth, productivity, and fruit quality of young ‘Tahiti’ acid lime trees. The experiment was installed in Piracicaba, Brazil in a 1.0-ha orchard plot with ‘Tahiti’ acid lime trees, grafted on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock and carried out from August of 2002 to May 2005. Each treatment was assigned to a drip irrigation level, based on ETc as follows: T1) non-irrigated, T2) 25%, T3) 50%, T4) 75% and T5) 100% of ETc determined by weighing lysimeter presented in the orchard plot. Trunk diameter and tree height were evaluated monthly. The roots were evaluated when the trees were 30 and 48 months old. The yield and fruit quality was evaluated in 2004 and 2005. The results showed that irrigation did not influence root distribution in depth, and trees irrigated with 75% and 100% ETc showed horizontal root distribution concentrated until 0.6 m from the trunk. Irrigation did not improve the quality of fruit. Yield increased in all irrigated treatment, but the most efficient yield mean per unit of water applied was the 25% ETc treatment.

scholarly journals Water availability for high yield of soybean cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e53963373
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gava ◽  
Mayara Fávero Cotrim ◽  
Irineu Eduardo Kühn ◽  
Carlos Roberto Wassolowski ◽  
Pedro Henrique Alves Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Considering the hypothesis that soybean cultivars present different yield potential, even under ideal water conditions, this study aimed to identify highly productive soybean cultivars under optimal conditions of soil moisture management. Two experiments were conducted in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 crop seasons in Chapadão do Sul-MS, in a complete  In a split-plot arrangement design with four replications. In the first experiment, the plots was composed of six water application frequencies (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days); in the second experiment, the primary factor was constituted by six supplementary irrigation levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of the Crop Evapotranspiration - ETc). In each experiment, subplots was composed of  five soybean cultivars. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, insertion of the first pod, hundred grain weight, and grain yield. Regardless of the irrigation management used, soybean cultivars presented different agronomic performance.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DO SISTEMA RADICULAR DA PUPUNHEIRA EM FUNÇÃO DE LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Ramos ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Folegatti ◽  
Marilene Leão Alves Bovi ◽  
Adriano Valentim Diotto
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Reference Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Reference Crop

DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DO SISTEMA RADICULAR DA PUPUNHEIRA EM FUNÇÃO DE LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO  Adriana Ramos; Marcos Vinícius Folegatti; Marilene Leão Alves Bovi; Adriano Valentim DiottoDepartamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, [email protected]  1 RESUMO O conhecimento da distribuição estática ou dinâmica do sistema radicular de uma cultura constitui-se em elemento essencial para o manejo correto da irrigação, por estar diretamente relacionado à área potencial de absorção de água. Estudos têm mostrado que os padrões de absorção pelas raízes são resultantes da interação entre as características do sistema radicular e outros fatores do solo, tais como água, nutrientes e aeração. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no campo experimental de Irrigação e Drenagem, da Fazenda Areão da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - ESALQ/USP, localizada no município de Piracicaba - S.P, no período entre abril/2000 a fevereiro/2002 e teve por objetivo avaliar a distribuição espacial do sistema radicular da pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), cultivadaem solo Argissolo Vermelho Eutrófico típico, sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação, por meio da utilização de imagens digitalizadas de perfís. Os tratamentos corresponderam a quatros diferentes regimes hídricos, sendo eles 0, 50, 100 e 120% da evapotranspiração de referência obtida pelo Tanque Classe “A”. A distribuição espacial do sistema radicular foi determinada pelo método do perfil do solo auxiliado pela análise de imagens digitais. O sistema radicular da pupunheira apresentou-se bem distribuído lateralmente e concentrado até a profundidade de0,4 m sendo que a irrigação contribuiu para aumentar a sua distribuição nas camadas mais profundas do solo. Acima de 65% do sistema radicular da pupunheira se concentra na camada de 0-0,2 m de profundidade, podendo ser essa a profundidade considerada para manejo correto da aplicação de água e fertilizantes. UNITERMOS: Bactris gasipaes, água, palmeira pupunha, raiz.  RAMOS, A.; FOLEGATTI, M. V.; BOVI, M. L. A.; DIOTTO, A. V. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE ROOT SYSTEM OF PEACH PALM AS FUNCTION OF IRRIGATION DEPTHS  2 ABSTRACT The knowledge of the stable or dynamic distribution of the root system is essential for adequate irrigation management, because it is directly related to the area soil volume potentially used for water absorption. There are reports showing that the water absorption patterns are result of an interaction of the proper root system with some soil factors, like water, nutrient and aeration. The objective of this research was to study the spatial distribution of the root system of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) cultivated in a typical Eutrophic Red Podzolic soil, under different irrigation levels. Plants were subjected to four different irrigation treatments correspondent to 0, 50, 100 and 120% of the reference crop evapotranspiration, estimated from class A pan evaporation. The development and the spatial distribution of the root system were evaluated by the soil profile method aided by digital image analysis. The root system of peach palm was laterally distributed, concentrated until 0,.4 m depth, and that the irrigation contributed to increase it and to make it deeper. The root system in all treatments concentrated in the shallow layers of the soil, with 65% of roots distributed until 0,.20 m depth. Therefore, this soil depth should be considered for adequate irrigation management in peach palm crop. KEYWORDS: Bactris gasipaes, water, palm, pejibaye, root.

Towards the consideration of soil-root resistances in root water uptake models with macroscopic representations of hydraulic root architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vanderborght ◽  
Valentin Couvreur ◽  
Felicien Meunier ◽  
Andrea Schnepf ◽  
Harry Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Hydraulic Architecture ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Soil Volume

<p>Plant water uptake from soil is an important component of terrestrial water cycle with strong links to the carbon cycle and the land surface energy budget. To simulate the relation between soil water content, root distribution, and root water uptake, models should represent the hydraulics of the soil-root system and describe the flow from the soil towards root segments and within the 3D root system architecture according to hydraulic principles. We have recently demonstrated how macroscopic relations that describe the lumped water uptake by all root segments in a certain soil volume, e.g. in a thin horizontal soil layer in which soil water potentials are uniform, can be derived from the hydraulic properties of the 3D root architecture. The flow equations within the root system can be scaled up exactly and the total root water uptake from a soil volume depends on only two macroscopic characteristics of the root system: the root system conductance, K<sub>rs</sub>, and the uptake distribution from the soil when soil water potentials in the soil are uniform, <strong>SUF</strong>. When a simple root hydraulic architecture was assumed, these two characteristics were sufficient to describe root water uptake from profiles with a non-uniform water distribution. This simplification gave accurate results when root characteristics were calculated directly from the root hydraulic architecture. In a next step, we investigate how the resistance to flow in the soil surrounding the root can be considered in a macroscopic root water uptake model. We specifically investigate whether the macroscopic representation of the flow in the root architecture, which predicts an effective xylem water potential at a certain soil depth, can be coupled with a model that describes the transfer from the soil to the root using a simplified representation of the root distribution in a certain soil layer, i.e. assuming a uniform root distribution.</p>

scholarly journals Infestation of four mustard varieties by Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) in relation to different levels of irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Mannan ◽  
N Tarannum
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment was conducted to find out the influence of three irrigation levels (no irrigation, one irrigation and two irrigation) on four mustard varieties (Tori- 7, BARI Sharisha-6, BARI Sharisha-9 and BARI Sharisha-8). The non-irrigated plots had highest aphid population (34.96/plant) and lowest (11.16 aphids/plant) in two irrigation. The variety BARI Sharisha-8 showed lowest (5.34 aphids/plant) aphid infestation and its yield was highest (2.05 ton/ha). Interaction effects indicated that the crop escaped from the aphid incidence in the variety BARI Sharisha-8 irrigated 2 times and produced highest yield (2.37 ton/ha). The differences in the aphid population at three irrigation levels affected the yield contributing characters and it was negatively correlated (correlation coefficient value ‘r’ ranged from -0.91 to 1.0).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 625-632, December 2016

scholarly journals Relationship of Seed Sowing Methods and Feeding Regimen With the Development of Cotton Root

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1189-1192
Author(s):  
Jalilov Lutfiyor Sotvoldievich
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Cotton Root ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Different Levels

Annotation: According to the obtained 3-year data, changes in planting methods and feeding regime of the "Sultan" variety lead to rapid growth of the root system, early growth of the main root and different levels of (orderly) roots, better absorption activity, 35-38 cm of biomass. Allows to increase by 1.5-1.8 times.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Uptake and Root Distribution of Cherry Trees Under Different Irrigation Methods

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingfeng Li ◽  
Huang Tan ◽  
Jiahang Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Cao ◽  
Peiling Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Root System ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Use Efficiency

Although water-saving measures are increasingly being adopted in orchards, little is known about how different irrigation methods enhance water use efficiency at the root system level. To study the allocation of water sources of water absorption by cherry roots under two irrigation methods, surface irrigation and drip irrigation, oxygen isotope tracing and root excavation were used in this study. We found that different irrigation methods have different effects on the average δ18O content of soil water in the soil profile. The IsoSource model was applied to calculate the contribution rate of water absorption by cherry roots under these irrigation methods. During the drought period in spring (also a key period of water consumption for cherry trees), irrigation water was the main source of water absorbed by cherry roots. In summer, cherry roots exhibited a wide range of water absorption sources. In this case, relative to the surface irrigation mode, the drip irrigation mode demonstrated higher irrigation water use efficiency. After two years of the above experiment, root excavation was used to analyze the effects of these irrigation methods on the distribution pattern of roots. We found that root distribution is mainly affected by soil depth. The root system indexes in 10–30 cm soil layer differ significantly from those in other soil layers. Drip irrigation increased the root length density (RLD) and root surface area (RSA) in the shallow soil. There was no significant difference in root biomass density (RBD) and root volume ratio (RVR) between the two irrigation treatments. The effects of these irrigation methods on the 2D distribution of cherry RBD, RLD, RSA and RVR, which indicated that the cherry roots were mainly concentrated in the horizontal depths of 20 to 100 cm, which was related to the irrigation wet zone. In the current experiment, more than 85% of cherry roots were distributed in the space with horizontal radius of 0 to 100 cm and vertical depth of 0 to 80 cm; above 95% of cherry roots were distributed in the space with the horizontal radius of 0 to 150 cm and the vertical depth of 0 to 80 cm. Compared with surface irrigation, drip irrigation makes RLD and RSA more concentrated in the horizontal range of 30–100 cm and vertical range of 0–70 cm.

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