scholarly journals Media Aggression and Political Discourse

Author(s):  
S. V. Moshkin ◽  

The review covers the collective monograph “Communicative Aggressions of the 21st Century” dedicated to the study of destructive manifestations of communicative aggression in the media sphere connected with functional specifics of the contemporary information technologies and, in particular, of Internet. The review deals with the contents of the book and its structure, evaluates the understanding by the authors of communicative aggression, its features and destructive consequences. Special emphasis is laid upon the growing aggressiveness of the political discourse as the Internet becomes more widespread and commonly available. It was concluded that in order to find tools to reduce communicative aggression in the media sphere, the authors should consider and assess the developing censorship practices of Internet communications.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Renata Matkevičienė

Jau gerą pusę šimtmečio mokslininkų tyrimais yra įrodyta, jog žiniasklaida yra aktyvi politinio diskurso dalyvė ir konstruotoja. Praėjusio šimtmečio pabaigoje įsivyravus internetinei žiniasklaidai matomi ir žiniasklaidos turinio formavimo bei informacijos pateikimo pasikeitimai. Įsivyravus informacinėms technologijoms, keičiasi ne tik žiniasklaida, jos veikla, kuriamas ir skleidžiamas turinys, bet ir komunikacija, į kurią yra įtraukti ir kiti viešosios erdvės veikėjai – visuomenė ir politikai. Pastarųjų sąveika politikos komunikacijos sistemoje geriausiai atsispindi būtent per žiniasklaidoje pateikiamą informaciją, jos pranešimų poveikį ir pan., nes daugiausia tik dėl žiniasklaidoje pateikiamų pranešimų yra įmanomas visuomenės informuotumas apie politiką, taip pat tik žiniasklaida įtraukia visuomenę į politinių sprendimų priėmimą ar diskusiją apie politines problemas, priimamus sprendimus. Šiame straipsnyje nėra kvestionuojamas žiniasklaidos, taip pat ir internetinės žiniasklaidos, vaidmuo, jos svarba ar poveikiai, straipsnyje yra teigiama, kad žiniasklaida, o ypač internetinė, yra aktyvi politinės komunikacijos dalyvė, įtraukianti į aktyvią komunikaciją ir politikus per jų pasisakymams suteikiamą erdvę. Dėl šių veiksmų, internetinėje žiniasklaidoje pastebimas ne tik žiniasklaidos formuojamas politinis turinys, bet ir pačių politikų konstruojamas politinis diskursas, kurį žiniasklaida tik moderuoja. Šio straipsnio tikslas – ištirti ir nustatyti internetinėje žiniasklaidoje pateikiamo politinio diskurso kaitą. Aptariamas žiniasklaidos vaidmuo ir jo kaita politikos diskurso konstruotojamame politikos komunikacijos kontekste, taip pat siekiama nustatyti internetinės žiniasklaidos politinio diskurso, konstruojamo pačių politikos veikėjų, kaitą.Changes in the Political Discourse Constructed by the Lithuanian Internet MediaRenata Matkevičienė Summary In the end of the last century when the social media became an important part of the media system, there oceurzed changes in constructing the content the of media and spread of information, as well as news creation, selection and delivery.Changes that occurred in the media because of new information technologies could be seen not only in the mass media, journalism, but also in communication in general, because those changes involved all participants of the public sphere: the media, politicians and citizens. In the system of political communication, the interaction of these participants could be seen via the news that are delivered, and their effects: society receives information about politics and participates in discussions about it. In the article, the role and effects of the Internet are not questioned, because the Internet media are an active participant of political communication; they involve politicians into communication processes, providing space for their voices (publications).The aim of this article is to analyse the change of political discourse in the Internet media content.In the article, the role of the media and its change are discussed in the context of social constructivist theoretical approach; also the political discourse constructed by and in the internet media is analyzed in search of changes in the construction of political discourse, introduced by politicians into the Internet media.The main conclusions made in the article are as follows: 1) the use of the internet by politicians as an arena for discussions is increasing, 2) the main topics discussed by politicians in the internet are politics, economy, energy and social policy, 3) the ways in which politicians are discussing political issues differ depending on the number of years that a politician participates in the political arena, the topic or issue under discussion, 4) economic and political issues are discussed in more sophisticated ways in comparison with discussions of social policy issues which are presented in a very simple, clear way with the arguments that stress the aspects important for society or for some specific groups of citizens, 5) in presenting ideas and in discussions, the politicians prefer to present their own the position instead of presenting position of a political party. These main research findings lead to some conclusions about changes in the political discourse, but they also show quite a strong and manipulative role of the Internet media in selecting politicians and their publications, so it shows that there is still a strong role of the Internet media in constructing the political reality and presenting this “window” to political reality, which is strongly influenced by the position of the media.


Author(s):  
N. A. Tribunskaya ◽  
V. D. Shevchenko

This article is devoted to the study of discursive structures in political sphere, represented in the English-language source Twitter of the President of the United States. The purpose of the study is to analyze the discursive structures that arise as a result of the interaction of political discourse with other types of discourses. To achieve it, the authors set the following tasks: identifying specific markers in the political discourse that characterize the presence of other discourses, analyzing the features of the communicative situation of message transmission, identifying the features of interdiscursiveness and polydiscursivity. The material for the analysis was the statements of Donald Trump on Twitter from November 1, 2019 to November 1, 2020. The authors of the article use various methods: descriptive, contextual analysis, comparative, methods of observation, content analysis and discourse analysis. The study uses the linguistic concept of the American scientist D. Himes S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G, which includes an analysis of the components of the situation: Participants, Ends, Act Sequence etc. Using the situation model in the messages, participants, their actions and other characteristics were highlighted. President is the author of the messages, while the addressee is a collective one. The same participants, depending on the context of the message, become participants of other types of discourses. The article examines such types of discourses as economic, educational, medical, which are part of political discourse. Their choice is due to the socio-economic significance of the issues of economics, education and health care in the life of society. In addition, the media function of political communication is reflected. The texts are posted on the Internet platform, due to which the political discourse is drawn into the space of the Internet discourse. The analysis made it possible to identify the features of large-scale interdiscursiveness and to highlight the levels of discursive heterogeneity.


Adeptus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Woźniak

The media and other agents of socialization as youths’ sources of knowledge about sexualityThe discourse on sexual education expresses great diversity of norms, beliefs, and attitudes towards sex and is dominated by the voices of adults who belong to the political and symbolic elites (i.e., politicians, teachers, clergy). Thus, the opinions of young people, which often reflect authentic personal and generational needs, are too often ignored. What is more, research shows that parents often seem to avoid discussions regarding sexuality with their children, ceding the responsibility to educate young people on the school. However, evaluations of how "introduction to family life" curriculum is implemented suggest that it is often conducted on an unsatisfactory level. Consequently, young people are forced to acquire and verify information about sexuality on their own. Based on individual in‑depth interviews this analysis refers to chosen sources from which young people obtain knowledge about sexuality. The article focuses on one of such sources: the media (including the Internet). It aims also to discuss young people's ambivalence towards self-acquired knowledge about sexuality. Rola mediów i innych agend socjalizacji jako źródła wiedzy młodzieży o seksualnościDyskusja dotycząca edukacji seksualnej wyraża olbrzymią różnorodność norm, wierzeń oraz postaw wobec seksu i zdominowana jest przez głosy osób dorosłych należących do elit politycznych i symbolicznych (np. polityków, nauczycieli, duchownych). Opinie młodych ludzi, które nierzadko są odzwierciedleniem ich osobistych i pokoleniowych potrzeb, są natomiast nader często ignorowane. Co więcej, badania pokazują, że rodzice raczej unikają rozmów ze swoimi dziećmi na temat szeroko pojętej seksualności, cedując pośrednio obowiązek edukowania młodych ludzi w tym zakresie na szkołę. Ewaluacje realizacji „wychowania do życia w rodzinie” sugerują jednak, że jej poziom jest niesatysfakcjonujący. Wobec powyższego młodzi ludzie nie tylko zmuszeni są sami zdobywać informacje na ten temat, ale także je selekcjonować i weryfikować. Oparta na indywidualnych wywiadach pogłębionych analiza wskazuje wybrane źródła, z jakich młodzi ludzie czerpią wiedzę dotyczącą seksualności. Artykuł skupia się na jednym z tych źródeł: na mediach (w tym na internecie) i omawia ambiwalencję odczuwaną przez młodych ludzi w stosunku do samodzielnie uzyskiwanej wiedzy dotyczącej seksualności.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Patricio Dugnani

Nesse artigo vamos analisar a questão do medo, e o uso político do medo, comparando dois casos dessa utilização da estratégia do medo no discurso político da mídia televisiva, os quais foram efetuados em dois momentos diferentes, nas campanhas eleitorais das eleições presidenciais de 2002 e 2014. Além disso, busca-se relacionar o discurso do medo na mídia, às condições de incertezas, a busca do prazer, o consumo e o individualismo instauradas na pós-modernidade. A partir de uma análise crítica das condições sociais, pretende-se investigar como o medo, potencializado pela mídia, é capaz de produzir um efeito de alienação capaz de criar um discurso que acaba se repetindo mecanicamente, reproduzindo ações e ampliando conceitos artificiais introduzidos socialmente, produzindo, mesmo, a proliferação de preconceitos, discursos fáceis e estereotipados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comunicação, Medo, Política, Mídia, Sociedade de Consumo ABSTRACTIn this article we will examine the issue of fear, and the political use of fear, comparing two cases of such use of the strategy of fear in the political discourse of the television media, which were carried out in two different moments, in the election campaigns of the presidential elections of 2002 and 2014. In addition, we seek to relate the speech of fear in the media, the conditions of uncertainty, the pursuit of pleasure, consumption and individualism brought in post-modernity. From a critical analysis of social conditions, it is intended to investigate how fear, potentiated by the media, is capable of producing an effect of alienation that can create a speech that ends up repeating themselves mechanically, reproducing and extending artificial concepts introduced actions socially, producing even the proliferation of prejudices, easy and stereotyped discourses. KEYS WORDS: Communication, Fear, Politics, Media, Postmodernism, Consumer society  ResumenEn este artículo examinaremos la cuestión de miedo y el uso político del miedo, comparación de dos casos de uso de la estrategia del miedo en el discurso político de los medios de televisión, que se llevaron a cabo en dos momentos diferentes, en las campañas electorales de las elecciones presidenciales de 2002 y 2014. Además, buscamos relacionar el discurso del miedo en los medios de comunicación, las condiciones de incertidumbre, la búsqueda de placer y el individualismo en la postmodernidad. Desde un análisis crítico de las condiciones sociales, el objetivo es investigar cómo miedo, potenciada por los medios de comunicación, es capaz de producir un efecto de alienación que puede crear un discurso que termina repitiendo mecánicamente, reproducción y el aumento de conceptos artificiales introdujeron acciones socialmente, produciendo incluso la proliferación de prejuicios y estereotipos de discursos. Palabras clave: comunicación, miedo, política, medios de comunicación, sociedad de consumo. Disponível em:Url:http://opendepot.org/2781/Abrir em (para melhor visualização em dispositivos móveis - Formato Flipbooks):Issuu / Calameo 


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Elena Olegovna Tchinaryan ◽  
Evgeny Sergeevich Kuchenin ◽  
Vladimir Lvovich Slesarev ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Ryzhik

At the very beginning of the 21st century, some experts agreed that the dispersal of the political and cultural initiative of network societies tends to reduce the unified control over political and cultural activities. This process leads to the accessibility of information to the general population and increases the scale of democratization of society. The accessible Internet environment has had a positive impact on the openness of information; however, it has harmed the protection of users' data. Gerald Cohen, a professor at the Georgetown University Law Center, who is an expert in intellectual property and copyright protection, recommends considering Internet utopianism through a system of legal values. It is important to note the utopianism that links the Internet network and human independence considering utopianism in the field of anonymity in more detail, as something that harms social institutions. Cohen also outlines the view that existing legal institutions are the basis for protecting human independence, as well as the importance of creating new legal institutions.


Author(s):  
Olena Ilienko ◽  
Liudmyla Shumeiko

The rapid spread of Internet communication nowadays has changed the conditions under which political communication takes place, although its purpose remains the same – influence for the sake of power. The article analyzes and summarizes the directions and trends in the study of political discourse, which is the context of political utterance, utterance itself and its perception. It is noted that the Internet has proved to be a new effective way of informing, persuading, arguing and manipulating the mass consciousness, accelerating the process of providing information and changing its format, including for manipulative purposes. It is revealed that the Internet has formed new genres and forms of political communication, providing an opportunity to get feedback from the political message and creating the appearance of direct communication between politicians and the public. The study of political discourse by researchers today is multi-vector: in a purely linguistic direction (the language of political statements); in linguistic and pragmatic direction (how the functions of political discourse are realized); anthropocentric (political personality); sociolinguistic (society’s reaction to the political activities of the subjects) and others. As the field of politics is constantly changing, responding to global, socio-political, economic circumstances, its analysis, including by linguists, provides and will always provide new material for further research.


In the article, the realization of verbal influence (also known as suggestion) phenomenon in political discourse is considered. This concept is defined as a whole combined image of the text itself and emotions of its recipient and addressee,including the peculiarities of perception, external and internal circumstances, its pragmatic and linguistic aspects, etc, and is aimed at a a political subject’s influencing a political object. Usually, political discourse and its immanent influential properties are researched from the standpoint of Psychology, Communicative Linguistics, Pragmalinguistics, Political Linguistics and other related sciences, but the author proposes to involve Neurolinguistic Programming as a modern science which deals with analyzing the peculiarities of perception, processing and generation of information and its transformations from deep thought structures to superficial speech; as well as Spin-Doctoring, an ultramodern complex discipline aimed at correcting the negative image of the event in the media after its has already happened or right before its manifestation, which is impossible without the involvement of language techniques to influence the recipient or a group of them. In order to fully research the political discourse, which in the network of this article is represented by the political speeches of the leaders of Ukraine, USA, France, Spain, Italy, Canada, Germany, the author involves both the basic Spin Doctoring techniques of political discourse correction ( negative information delay, ambiguous informing, focus switch, interspersing the artificial situations with elements of naturalness, and the technique of controlled information leaks and preparation for events expectations); and the NLP paradigm meta- and Milton-model analysis text having been utilized in order to isolate the actual linguistic influential patterns (markers of language metamodel processes, simple, complex and indirect inductions). The analysis details the available information on the peculiarities of implementing and enhancing the linguistic influence within the political discourse, as well as outlines the crucial next steps in the further researches on this topic, especially ones in the field of Ukraine’s state information security, which is a particularly important aspect of the state’s modern information during hybrid wars.


Author(s):  
Dolynskiy I.V.

Increasing of language contacts, globalization and internationalization of public relations, expansion of modern information technologies encourage a comprehensive study of modern English communication. Political activity has always played a special role in society. An important role in determining the country’s international image is played by its presentation by the country’s political leaders. With the help of speeches, politicians have the opportunity to address both the international community and the citizens of their country. Direct contact with the audience determines the choice of lexical, syntactic and phonetic means in the design of speech. Political speeches have three main functions: the communication function, the announcement function and the influence function. American oratory theorists point to the need for the speaker to concentrate on composing his speech, taking into account the audience reaction what he is trying to provoke. Much attention in the American oratory theory is paid to the speech compositional construction. One of the political discourse genres is political speech. Presidential political speech is an oral political text, which is proclaimed by the president to a mass audience, sets urgent tasks in a particular sphere of public life, and gives recommendations for the implementation of tasks. It performs the functions of persuasion, agitation, congratulations, has a pre-created script, which depends on the communicative situation. The construction of a political speech is based on the principle of argumentation (introduction, main part, final part), which facilitates the speech audience perception. The study was based on the political speeches texts of two American presidents – John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. The analyzed speeches have different topics: inaugural addresses of presidents, comments during hostilities and diplomatic (delivered during visits). The article highlights the concept of political discourse; it’s identified and described the main types of political speeches; revealed the linguistic and stylistic features and expression means of John F. Kennedy’s; Ronald Reagan; Hillary Clinton political speeches.Key words: English discourse, political speeches, linguistic and stylistic aspect, translation aspect, rhetorical devices. Розширення мовних контактів, глобалізація та інтернаціоналізація суспільних відносин, впровадження сучасних інформаційних технологій спонукають до всебічного дослідження сучасної англомовної комунікації. Політична діяльність завжди відігравала особливу роль у житті суспільства. Політичний дискурс – це явище, з яким люди стикаються щодня. Боротьба за владу є основною темою та рушійним мотивом цієї сфери спіл-кування. Політична комунікація, орієнтована на викладення тих чи інших політичних подій, пропаганду ідей, установок, цінностей, володіє емоційним та інтелектуальним впливом на свідомість громадян. Важливу роль у визначенні іміджу країни відіграє спосіб презентації політичними лідерами держави. За допомогою виступів політики мають можливість звернутися як до міжнародної спільноти, так і до громадян своєї країни. Прямий контакт з аудиторією зумовлює вибір лексичних, синтаксичних і фонетичних засобів в оформленні промови. Політичні промови мають три основні функції: функцію спілкування, функцію повідомлення та функцію впливу. Теоретики американського ораторського мистецтва вказують на необхідність оратора сконцентруватися на тому, щоб його промова була складена, враховуючи реакцію аудиторії, яку він намагається викликати. Велика увага в теорії американського ораторського мистецтва приділяється композиційній побудові ораторської промови. Одним із жанрів політичного дискурсу є політична промова. Президентська політична промова – це усний політичний текст, який проголошується президентом перед масовою аудиторією, ставить назрілі завдання в тій чи іншій сфері громадського життя, дає рекомендації щодо здійснення поставлених завдань. Вона виконує функції переконання, агітації, вітання, має завчасно створений сценарій, який залежить від комунікативної ситуації. Побудова політичної промови засновується на принципі аргументації (вступ, основна частина, завершальна частина), що полегшує сприйняття промови аудиторією. На основі аналізу текстів політичних промов можна змоделювати інтереси, вподобання, типові реакції політичного лідера, його уявлення про друзів і ворогів. Матеріалом дослідження слугували тексти політичних промов двох американських президентів – Джона Кеннеді, Рональда Рейгана – й кандидата в президенти Гілларі Клінтон. Проаналізовані промови мають різну тематику: інавгураційні звернення президентів, коментарі під час воєнних дій і дипломатичні (що виголошувалися під час візитів). У статті викладено поняття політичного дискурсу; визначено й описано основні типи полі-тичних промов; виявлено лінгвостилістичні особливості й засоби вираження політичних промов Джона Кеннеді, Рональда Рейгана, Гілларі Клінтон.Ключові слова:англомовний дискурс, політичні промови, лінгвостилістичний аспект, перекладацький аспект, риторичні прийоми.


Author(s):  
Süheyla Bozkurt

The aim is to open the discussion of the concept of education and school that emerged as a result of the changes in information technologies and to provide insight into the future educational institutions. Firstly, the effects of changes in the world on educational institutions were discussed. The skills needed by the world were introduced and finally the 21st century Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 technologies, which are information sharing methods that enable data sharing over the internet. In the conclusion part, a school structure where principles such as personalized ways and methods of access to information, development of creativity, acquisition of necessary methods for reasoning, integration of information with systematic attitude is proposed. For the schools of the future, it has been concluded that the elements of education such as classrooms, technique, methods, tools, and materials, and the role of the teacher should be reconsidered, and the school should be designed in a way that individuals can establish their own knowledge sphere within the boundaries of the school buildings.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Michele Kapp Trevisan ◽  
Eduardo Biscayno De Prá ◽  
Mariana Fagundes Goethel

Nesse artigo vamos analisar a questão do medo, e o uso político do medo, comparando dois casos dessa utilização da estratégia do medo no discurso político da mídia televisiva, os quais foram efetuados em dois momentos diferentes, nas campanhas eleitorais das eleições presidenciais de 2002 e 2014. Além disso, busca-se relacionar o discurso do medo na mídia, às condições de incertezas, a busca do prazer, o consumo e o individualismo instauradas na pós-modernidade. A partir de uma análise crítica das condições sociais, pretende-se investigar como o medo, potencializado pela mídia, é capaz de produzir um efeito de alienação capaz de criar um discurso que acaba se repetindo mecanicamente, reproduzindo ações e ampliando conceitos artificiais introduzidos socialmente, produzindo, mesmo, a proliferação de preconceitos, discursos fáceis e estereotipados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comunicação, Medo, Política, Mídia, Sociedade de Consumo ABSTRACTIn this article we will examine the issue of fear, and the political use of fear, comparing two cases of such use of the strategy of fear in the political discourse of the television media, which were carried out in two different moments, in the election campaigns of the presidential elections of 2002 and 2014. In addition, we seek to relate the speech of fear in the media, the conditions of uncertainty, the pursuit of pleasure, consumption and individualism brought in post-modernity. From a critical analysis of social conditions, it is intended to investigate how fear, potentiated by the media, is capable of producing an effect of alienation that can create a speech that ends up repeating themselves mechanically, reproducing and extending artificial concepts introduced actions socially, producing even the proliferation of prejudices, easy and stereotyped discourses. KEYSWORDS: Communication, Fear, Politics, Media, Postmodernism, Consumer society  ResumenEn este artículo examinaremos la cuestión de miedo y el uso político del miedo, comparación de dos casos de uso de la estrategia del miedo en el discurso político de los medios de televisión, que se llevaron a cabo en dos momentos diferentes, en las campañas electorales de las elecciones presidenciales de 2002 y 2014. Además, buscamos relacionar el discurso del miedo en los medios de comunicación, las condiciones de incertidumbre, la búsqueda de placer y el individualismo en la postmodernidad. Desde un análisis crítico de las condiciones sociales, el objetivo es investigar cómo miedo, potenciada por los medios de comunicación, es capaz de producir un efecto de alienación que puede crear un discurso que termina repitiendo mecánicamente, reproducción y el aumento de conceptos artificiales introdujeron acciones socialmente, produciendo incluso la proliferación de prejuicios y estereotipos de discursos. Palabras clave: comunicación, miedo, política, medios de comunicación, sociedad de consumo. Disponível em:Url:http://opendepot.org/2780/ Abrir em (para melhor visualização em dispositivos móveis - Formato Flipbooks):Issuu / Calameo


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