scholarly journals Human rights in the age of digitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Elena Olegovna Tchinaryan ◽  
Evgeny Sergeevich Kuchenin ◽  
Vladimir Lvovich Slesarev ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Ryzhik
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
General Population ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Internet Environment

At the very beginning of the 21st century, some experts agreed that the dispersal of the political and cultural initiative of network societies tends to reduce the unified control over political and cultural activities. This process leads to the accessibility of information to the general population and increases the scale of democratization of society. The accessible Internet environment has had a positive impact on the openness of information; however, it has harmed the protection of users' data. Gerald Cohen, a professor at the Georgetown University Law Center, who is an expert in intellectual property and copyright protection, recommends considering Internet utopianism through a system of legal values. It is important to note the utopianism that links the Internet network and human independence considering utopianism in the field of anonymity in more detail, as something that harms social institutions. Cohen also outlines the view that existing legal institutions are the basis for protecting human independence, as well as the importance of creating new legal institutions.

scholarly journals Media Aggression and Political Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
S. V. Moshkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Media

The review covers the collective monograph “Communicative Aggressions of the 21st Century” dedicated to the study of destructive manifestations of communicative aggression in the media sphere connected with functional specifics of the contemporary information technologies and, in particular, of Internet. The review deals with the contents of the book and its structure, evaluates the understanding by the authors of communicative aggression, its features and destructive consequences. Special emphasis is laid upon the growing aggressiveness of the political discourse as the Internet becomes more widespread and commonly available. It was concluded that in order to find tools to reduce communicative aggression in the media sphere, the authors should consider and assess the developing censorship practices of Internet communications.

The carrot v. the stick: can copyright be used to enhance access to cultural heritage resources in the networked environment?

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Elster Pantalony
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Internet Environment ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

Copyright, if used effectively, managed well and respected in business arrangements, encourages and enhances access to content in the Internet environment. But with the advent of new technologies and the emergence of a knowledge-based society, new ways of thinking are required in order to ensure that the Internet remains a ‘place’ where information can flow with few if any restrictions. Using the modern museum as example, this paper analyzes two types of intellectual property – databases and photographs – to determine whether copyright protection reduces or enhances access. It also touches briefly on some new management models which meet the needs of the users as well as the authors of copyright materials, while still fulfilling the key financial objectives of the organizations that host or provide content.

scholarly journals Ending political abuse of psychiatry: where we are at and what needs to be done

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert van Voren
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Individual Human

SummaryThe number of reports of political activists falling victim to the political abuse of psychiatry is increasing. When the USSR first disintegrated, this practice virtually ceased to occur. What came in its place, however, was a disturbing collection of other forms of abuses, including human rights abuses, caused by a lack of resources, outdated treatment methods, a lack of understanding of individual human rights and a growing lack of tolerance in society. The number of cases of political abuse of psychiatry has increased since the 21st century began, particularly over the past few years in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.

Are smart sanctions smart enough? An inquiry into when leaders oppress civilians under UN targeted sanctions

2020 ◽  
pp. 019251212093195
Author(s):  
Jiyoun Park ◽  
Hyun Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Effective Result

Why do some UN targeted sanctions (or “smart” sanctions) cause collateral damage to the general population, while others minimize it? We suggest the scope and the effectiveness of smart sanctions, as well as the political institutions of target countries, are critical determinants of sanctions’ adverse effects on human rights. Leaders targeted by sanctions with a broad scope will have a greater incentive to oppress people to ward off potential support for challengers. The degree to which they can carry out successful oppression, however, hinges upon the effectiveness of the implementation of sanctions. Furthermore, we expect that authoritarian systems are more likely to encourage oppression than other ones. We conduct a quantitative analysis of 56 UN-imposed smart sanction episodes. Our study reveals sanctions with a broad scope that are less effective result in deteriorated human rights conditions, especially in authoritarian countries. However, we find when sanctions with a narrow scope work effectively, they do not hurt innocent citizens.

scholarly journals DNS FILTERING: A CLEAN AND POSITIVE INTERNET ENVIRONMENT IN UIN AR-RANIRY BANDA ACEH

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Rusmansyah Rusmansyah ◽  
Hendy Mizuardy ◽  
Bustami Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Environment ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The University ◽  
Internet Program ◽  
Banda Aceh

The rapid IT development has brought us to the different level of an era; information openness. The information is now easily accessed through the internet. It is believed that the internet comes with many things that benefited human life. Despite its advantages, the internet also will bring problems if it is improperly used. To cope with the problems, it is important to create a safe, clean, and positive internet environment. A positive internet program, initiated by Kemkominfo Indonesia, is actively distributed to achieve this goal. We observed whether this program is feasible to be applied in a university. Our experiment object is students in Universitas Islam Ar-raniry Banda Aceh. We found that most of the students, about more than 90%, believe that a positive internet environment is important to be implemented. Moreover, a positive internet environment also will give positive impact to their personality and behavior. To realize the implementation, we have compared DNS filtering products which are able to block negative-content websites. Form our experiments, we recommend that the university apply DNS Nawala because it performs better by blocking more than 40% tested negative websites, compared to the other tested DNS products. So regarding the opinion of the students, DNS Nawala is feasible to be implemented to realize a clean, safe, and positive internet environment

3P Principles for Improvement of E-Accessibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-162
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Reading Disabilities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Environment

The accessibility of the sources, materials, and activities on the internet are part of the functioning interaction in the 21st century. There are plenty of barriers in the internet environment for people with dyslexia. The literacy portal alleviates the problems that people with reading disabilities face. Its tools and materials support discovery, understanding, and usage of the internet, as well as ICT resources to improve their effective usage in everyday life. The experiences gathered while creating the portal are recorded here for their usage in the methods proposed in further chapters.

Peculiarities of Realization and Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms on the Internet: a Problem Statement

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Internet Environment

The article discusses the phenomenon of the Internet environment, which is being transformed from a means of storing and disseminating information into a tool through which a person can exercise a whole range of his constitutional rights and freedoms. The Internet provides wide opportunities in the fields of education, health care, getting state and municipal services, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the risks in this sphere, including threats to human life and health. As regards legal regulation, one should single out the international and national levels of regulation in the considered area. A number of international legal acts regulating the relations developing in the field of information and telecommunication technologies are analyzed. It is noted that there is no regulation (or it is insufficient) at the national level of the specifics of the realization and protection of human rights and freedoms on the Internet. To resolve this problem, it is proposed to include in the sphere of legal regulation of the virtual environment the content of rights and freedoms on the Internet, the limits of its realization; the nature, forms and limits of the restrictions of rights and freedoms realized through the Internet; guarantees of rights and freedoms in the Internet space and mechanisms for their protection, etc. The authors emphasize importance of not only program documents and by-laws, but also decisions of both national and supranational courts.

scholarly journals Selection of Promotion Channels for Organic Products in the Internet Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Yuliya Eremenko
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
High Price ◽  
The Internet ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Internet Environment

In Russia the development of the organic product market faces the following limiting factors: high price, insufficient awareness and low physical availability of bioproducts for the population. The use of modern Internet technologies can have a positive impact on solving these problems. Direct selling through online-stores or corporate websites allows to control adequate price markup on products. The variety of social Internet communications can be successfully used in increasing public awareness about organic products and the peculiarities of choosing them. Moreover, bearing in mind the specific character of bioproducts which have a low shelf life, online sales are necessary to ensure filled customer demand. Thus, the issues of choosing the most optimal channels for promoting organic products in the Internet are important and well-timed. The purpose of the article is to identify the most effective channels in promoting organic products in the Russian market.The implementation of the set tasks was achieved by means of using general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis. The statistical methods were also used during processing and synthesis of statistical data and their generalization in the most informative form i.e. tables, figures. The article identifies the most efficient channels for promoting organic products in the Internet environment from the point of view of an enterprise’s goals. The author defines the KPI assessments of its effectiveness for each online channel. On the one hand, understanding the peculiarities of using various Internet channels to promote organic products can have a positive impact on the consumer demand in general. On the other hand, it will allow making the most efficient use of Internet technologies in the general strategy of promoting an enterprise.

Mass Atrocities in Myanmar and the Responsibility to Protect in a Digital Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Camilla Buzzi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Mass Atrocity

Abstract Liberalisation of the telecommunications sector is a significant part of the political changes that were initiated in 2011 in Myanmar, making smartphones, sim cards, and access to the internet more widely available. Social media (SoMe) platforms, notably Facebook, have emerged as the main access to the internet for many people. But as the transition has proceeded, SoMe has become a space both for human rights activism and for inciting human rights abuses against vulnerable minorities. It is well documented that both the state and civil society in Myanmar have used Facebook to foment violence and mass atrocities against the Rohingya and other vulnerable minorities. This article examines some challenges for internet and SoMe governance drawing on the response of Facebook and various internet service providers in Myanmar in order to explore how to apply the norm of R2P on the net. The article aims to provide input for lessons learnt on mass atrocity prevention in a digital age.

scholarly journals The Internet: Changing the Way Horticulturists Communicate

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Tim Rhodus ◽  
James Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Internet Environment ◽  
Aided Communication ◽  
The Way

This article examines opportunities for enhanced information access and dissemination available to professional horticulturists using the Internet. The intent, however, is not to provide a comprehensive cataloging of where and how to find various databases or sources for multimedia educational resources. While some of these resources are reviewed, the goals of this article are to provide a background of the Internet environment and to examine the communication impacts of the Internet on horticultural researchers and educators. Our view is that computer-aided communication is an opportunity challenge, which should be confronted by individual horticulturists and the discipline as a whole. Examples of these new resources that can have a positive impact on the accomplishment of work responsibilities of horticultural professionals are discussed.

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