A MODERN MUSEUM AS A SPACE OF MULTICULTURAL COMMUNICATION: A REVIEW OF CASES OF RUSSIA AND THE UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
SVETLANA ALTUKHOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Host Society ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Communicative Strategy

Author considers the issue of transforming the communicative strategy of the modern museum as a promising center for multicultural communication. multicultural communication is understood as a process of interaction between immigrants and the host society. In addition, the inconsistency and ambiguity of understanding the content and consequences of increased immigration, as well as the changes that occur with cultural institutions, also make this story relevant. The author of the article focuses on how a cultural institution such as a museum responds to the challenge of complicated intercultural and multicultural communications in the modern world. The methodological basis for the study is the concept of the «post-museum» and the achievements of the Leyster school of museology in the studies of the communicative and inclusive activities of modern museums. The article presents the author's classification of the levels of work of museums with immigrants and their multicultural communication. The first level is exhibiting and representing the cultural heritage of immigration communities, the second level is attracting immigrants to co-authorship, and the third one is the implementation of comprehensive inclusive work with all ethnic and cultural groups.The highlighted levels are confirmed by real examples and cases from the experience of Russian and British museums, information about which is available on their official websites. In the course of the study, the main conclusions were made. Firstly, to date, there has been a shift in the functional structure of the museum from its custody functions to communication, and the process of interacting with visitors has begun to build on the principle of participation. Secondly, the museum, as a social institution that collects and presents objects of cultural heritage and historical artifacts, works, first of all, with the phenomena of «cultural memory» and «identity», not only representing the latter, but also constructing it through the exposition and museum activity. And thirdly, it is this circumstance that allows museums to become an effective platform for building a multicultural dialogue and processes of social inclusion.

scholarly journals They Arrived Completely Intact: The Evacuation of Chersonese Museum Collections to Sverdlovsk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Mokhov ◽  
Andrey Shamanaev ◽  
Karina Kapsalykova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
The Military

This article considers the emergency evacuation of the collections of the Chersonese Historical and Archaeological Museum from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic War, between September and December 1941. The authors analyse some issues concerning the preparation and transportation of the museum collection and the interaction between state structures and cultural institutions in wartime conditions. The study is based on unpublished archival materials from the funds of the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region and the Documentation Centre of Public Organisations of Sverdlovsk Region. The study of problems connected with saving cultural heritage during military conflicts is relevant considering the threat of local wars in the modern world. At present, military actions pose serious risks of the destruction, damage, and illicit transfer of museum exhibits. The authors employ the historical and anthropological approach, paying a great deal of attention to the historiography of the issue of cultural heritage preservation during the Great Patriotic War. The experience of evacuating heritage collections from the Chersonese Museum is both unique and typical. One hundred and eight crates of artifacts, books, and archival documents were sent from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk, accompanied by a single employee of the museum, S. F. Strzelecki. Owing to his effort, the priceless collection was successfully delivered to the rear. Most problems faced during the emergency evacuation of the Chersonese collections related to the deficit of material resources, rapid changes in the situation at the front, inefficient interaction between the bodies of power, academic and cultural institutions, and deficiencies in the transportation system. The authors argue that during the early stages of the Great Patriotic War, the conditions in the military and cultural spheres posed a significant threat to the preservation of cultural heritage. There were no mobilisation plans for museums and the authorities failed to assess the real risks of wartime. Taking these factors into account should help diminish the threat of cultural heritage loss during military conflicts.

scholarly journals Archival Buildings in Terms of Responding to the Emergencies

Atlanti ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Jozef Hanus ◽  
Emília Hanusová
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Processing Treatment ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Safe Access ◽  
Term Storage

Preservation of archival documents, library materials and other objects and materials of cultural heritage is one of the principal tasks of archives, libraries, museums, galleries and other cultural memory institutions all over the world. The key role in this mission is played by appropriate building or space facilities which are the basic condition and requirement for proper functioning of any of these memory cultural institutions. They must provide not only facilities for long-term storage of archival documents, library materials and other objects of cultural heritage, their preservation, processing, treatment in order to enable and ensure proper and safe access to them but also to respond possible emergencies resulting from various potential emergencies and even threats. Some of them can be predicted, however, the others - especially caused by human factor in the broadest sense - are very difficult to be foreseen. This is the reason why close co-operation is unavoidable between archivists, conservators, architects, engineers and all experienced experts who can help already in planning either new building or reconstruction of adapted premises for archives purposes. It seems that at the present also the participation of experts from the field of safety and security would be very desirable.

scholarly journals FROM MONOPOLIZING MEMORY TO CO-CREATING IT: OPENNESS AND EQUITY IN THE DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Tzouganatou ◽  
Jennifer Krueckeberg
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Personal Memory ◽  
Audience Engagement ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Memory Practices

With the growing proliferation of digital media into the memory practices of cultural institutions and ordinary people, questions about a growing dependence on monopolistic technology companies on the creation, access and preservation of collective memory have emerged. For cultural institutions that rely on social media to boost their audience engagement, this also means that they lose part of their role as public educators, while ordinary people fear the loss of ownership over their personal memories. This paper proposes equitable approaches to the current digital ecosystem, that is built on the extraction and profit-making of personal data, that can be developed by looking beyond the current market, envisioning possibilities for related policies that could enable the re-design of the current memory ecosystem towards social inclusion. The argument is based on a combination of ethnographic research into initiatives that foster the openness of knowledge by enabling fair practices to be realized in the competitive sphere of the digital economy. Building upon work such as the MyData and the DECODE project, as well as enquiries into personal memory practices of youth living in Germany and the UK.

scholarly journals The Changes of Cultural Memory in a Liquid Modern World

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Aurelija Mykolaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Aldous Huxley ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Michel Houellebecq ◽  
Web Community

Based on the insights of modern philosophers, particularly Zygmunt Bauman, the work examines how cultural memory can be affected by globalisation and what kind of challenges arise when collective truths are passed on from generation to generation. The sources selected for the analysis are modern dystopias that design possible versions of cultural response. Other subjects significant to the research include phenomena of modern culture that help to uncover the latest trends and the views on cultural heritage held by people of the 21st century. The article comes to the conclusion that the changes of cultural memory in a fluid modern world can be affected deeply by factors such as the ideology of consumerism and the insularity of a web community, but this is only a possibility. Western authors Aldous Huxley and Michel Houellebecq place a stronger emphasis on determinism, whereas Lithuanian writer Jaroslavas Melnikas highlights the possibility of freedom. Nevertheless, notably, all of these texts are projections that primarily encourage critical thinking and demonstrate the ambivalence of the current situation. Contemporary culture is likely at a turning point, but the results of the transformation are still unclear.

PROBLEMS OF CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
SVETLANA IVANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Cultural Monuments

The purpose of the research work is to analyze the norms of Federal laws, as well as the laws of the Russian Federation's constituent entities, devoted to the definitions and classification of the concepts “cultural heritage”, “historical and cultural monuments”, “cultural values”. Conclusions obtained in the course of the research: based on the study of current legislation, it is concluded that the definitions of “cultural values”, “cultural property”, “objects of cultural inheritance” contained in various normative legal acts differ in content. Based on the research, the author proposes the concept of “cultural values”.

MONARCHS, TRAVELLERS AND EMPIRE IN THE PACIFIC'S AGE OF REVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Sujit Sivasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe Pacific has often been invisible in global histories written in the UK. Yet it has consistently been a site for contemplating the past and the future, even among Britons cast on its shores. In this lecture, I reconsider a critical moment of globalisation and empire, the ‘age of revolutions’ at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth century, by journeying with European voyagers to the Pacific Ocean. The lecture will point to what this age meant for Pacific islanders, in social, political and cultural terms. It works with a definition of the Pacific's age of revolutions as a surge of indigeneity met by a counter-revolutionary imperialism. What was involved in undertaking a European voyage changed in this era, even as one important expedition was interrupted by news from revolutionary Europe. Yet more fundamentally vocabularies and practices of monarchy were consolidated by islanders across the Pacific. This was followed by the outworkings of counter-revolutionary imperialism through agreements of alliance and alleged cessation. Such an argument allows me, for instance, to place the 1806 wreck of the Port-au-Prince within the Pacific's age of revolutions. This was an English ship used to raid French and Spanish targets in the Pacific, but which was stripped of its guns, iron, gunpowder and carronades by Tongans. To chart the trajectory from revolution and islander agency on to violence and empire is to appreciate the unsettled paths that gave rise to our modern world. This view foregrounds people who inhabited and travelled through the earth's oceanic frontiers. It is a global history from a specific place in the oceanic south, on the opposite side of the planet to Europe.

scholarly journals Towards a hydrological classification of European soils: preliminary test of its predictive power for the base flow index using river discharge data

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Schneider ◽  
F. Brunner ◽  
J. M. Hollis ◽  
C. Stamm
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Base Flow Index ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. Predicting discharge in ungauged catchments or contaminant movement through soil requires knowledge of the distribution and spatial heterogeneity of hydrological soil properties. Because hydrological soil information is not available at a European scale, we reclassified the Soil Geographical Database of Europe (SGDBE) at 1:1 million in a hydrological manner by adopting the Hydrology Of Soil Types (HOST) system developed in the UK. The HOST classification describes dominant pathways of water movement through soil and was related to the base flow index (BFI) of a catchment (the long-term proportion of base flow on total stream flow). In the original UK study, a linear regression of the coverage of HOST classes in a catchment explained 79% of BFI variability. We found that a hydrological soil classification can be built based on the information present in the SGDBE. The reclassified SGDBE and the regression coefficients from the original UK study were used to predict BFIs for 103 catchments spread throughout Europe. The predicted BFI explained around 65% of the variability in measured BFI in catchments in Northern Europe, but the explained variance decreased from North to South. We therefore estimated new regression coefficients from the European discharge data and found that these were qualitatively similar to the original estimates from the UK. This suggests little variation across Europe in the hydrological effect of particular HOST classes, but decreasing influence of soil on BFI towards Southern Europe. Our preliminary study showed that pedological information is useful for characterising soil hydrology within Europe and the long-term discharge regime of catchments in Northern Europe. Based on these results, we draft a roadmap for a refined hydrological classification of European soils.

scholarly journals Authors' Response to: Alcohol imagery and branding, and age classification of films popular in the UK

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-888
Author(s):  
A. Lyons ◽  
A. McNeill ◽  
I. Gilmore ◽  
J. Britton
Keyword(s):  
The Uk

scholarly journals The role of the internet in testimony: the case of the ‘Forgotten Australians’

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Adkins ◽  
Donna Hancox
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
National Museum Of Australia

This article examines the case of the Forgotten Australians as an opportunity to examine the role of the internet in the presentation of testimony. ‘Forgotten Australians’ are a group who suffered abuse and neglect after being removed from their parents – either in Australia or in the UK – and placed in Church- and State-run institutions in Australia between 1930 and 1970. The campaign by this profoundly marginalized group coincided with the decade in which the opportunities of Web 2.0 were seen to be diffusing throughout different social groups, and were considered a tool for social inclusion. We outline a conceptual framework that positions the role of the internet as an environment in which the difficult relationships between painful past experiences and contemporary injunctions to remember them, are negotiated. We then apply this framework to the analysis of case examples of posts and interaction on websites with web 2.0 functionality: YouTube and the National Museum of Australia. The analysis points to commonalities and differences in the agency of the internet in these two contexts, arguing that in both cases the websites provided support for the development of a testimony-like narrative and the claiming, sharing and acknowledgement of loss.

The role of non-governmental institutions in protection of medieval fortification architecture of Germany

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Maksim Terebilov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
Governmental Institutions

The subject of this research is the activity of non-profit organizations in aimed at preservation and promotion of the monuments of medieval fortification as an integral part of the cultural heritage of the country of their location. The author carries out the classification of non-profit organizations in Germany dealing with the preservation of monuments of fortification architecture of the Middle Ages. Methodological framework is comprised of typological and systemic analysis used for selecting organizations as the key objects of research, as well analyzing the main vectors of their activity. The author explores most significant projects of the selected organizations, their contribution to preservation of the monuments of fortification architecture on the national and international levels. Special attention is given to the analysis of official Internet resources of such organizations in the German and English languages, as well as to the work with digital databases of the objects under review. The novelty lies in conducting classification of non-governmental communities engaged in preservation of the monuments of medieval fortifications in Germany, which allows systematizing them for considering the experience of foreign colleagues within the framework of the approach towards organizing public projects aimed at preservation of the sites of historical and cultural heritage. The author outlines several priority vectors for providing support to the objects of fortification architecture: informational, scientific, financial and tourist. As a result, the author compiles a chart of classification of non-profit organizations, demonstrates interdependence of public initiatives related to preservation of cultural heritage sites on the ongoing globalization processes that take place in the society. Attention is also turned to the differentiated approach towards preservation of cultural heritage on the national and international levels.

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