scholarly journals FIGHTING ON THE TERRITORY OF NORTH OSSETIA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
С.А. СЕКИНАЕВ

В статье анализируются боевые действия на территории нашей республики, проходившие в годы Великой Отечественной войны в 1942 г. Актуальность исследования боевых действий обусловлена тем, что история второй мировой войны, несмотря на интенсивную разработку ее проблем на протяжении всех лет последующих после ее завершения, все еще таит в себе много слабоосвещенных или совсем неизученных страниц. Цель исследования – на примере подвигов воинов Северной Осетии, сражавшихся на всех фронтах Великой Отечественной войны, показать героизм, мужество, патриотизм всех участников боевых действий. Несмотря на то, что прошло уже больше 75 лет, необходимо продолжить поиск сведений обо всех активных участниках Великой Отечественной войны, партизанского движения, подпольной борьбы в тылу врага и движения Сопротивления. Есть потребность в изучении таких моментов истории, как борьба трудящихся Северной Осетии в тылу немецко-фашистских захватчиков, героизм рабочего класса, колхозного крестьянства Северной Осетии в период войны, провал оккупационной политики немцев в России, а в частности на Кавказе. В данном исследовании были рассмотрены монографии, статьи, архивные документы, на основе которых были сделаны выводы о том, что события, происходившие на территории Северной Осетии в 1942 г., внесли свой вклад в победу над немецкой армией в Битве за Кавказ и в дальнейшее освобождение нашей страны от немецко-фашистских захватчиков. Столица Северной Осетии ‒ Владикавказ по праву остается в истории городом, который не только выстоял в самый критический период Великой Отечественной войны, но вселил уверенность в окончательном разгроме немецкой армии. Удар по немецко-фашистским войскам под Владикавказом стал прологом наступления наших войск под Сталинградом, началом общего наступления советских войск на других фронтах Великой Отечественной войны. The article analyzes the military operations on the territory of our republic, which took place during the Great Patriotic War in 1942. The relevance of the study of military operations is accounted by the fact that the history of the Second World War, despite the intensive development of its problems throughout all the years following its completion, still conceals many not comprehensively lit and explored pages. On the example of the exploits of the soldiers of North Ossetia, who fought on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War. It is important to show the heroism, courage, and patriotism of all participants in the fighting. Despite the fact that more than 75 years have passed, it is necessary to continue searching for information about all the active participants of the Great Patriotic War, the partisan movement, the underground struggle behind enemy lines and the resistance movement, to continue studying such historical moments as the struggle of the working people of North Ossetia in the rear of the Nazi invaders, the heroism of the working class, the collective farm peasantry of North Ossetia during the war, the failure of the occupation policy of the Germans in Russia, and in particular in the Caucasus. In this study, monographs, articles, and archival documents were considered, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn that the events that took place on the territory of North Ossetia in 1942 contributed to the victory over the German army in the Battle for the Caucasus, and to the further liberation of our country from the Nazi invaders. The capital of North Ossetia, the city of Vladikavkaz, rightfully remains in history a city that not only survived the most critical period of the Great Patriotic War, but also inspired confidence in the final defeat of the German army. The attack on the German-fascist troops at Vladikavkaz was the prologue of the offensive of our troops at Stalingrad, the beginning of the general offensive of the Soviet troops on other fronts of the Great Patriotic War.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Olga Yuryevna Igoshina

This paper considers one of the urgent problems of the great Patriotic war history - the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war. In the 21st century mass sources (electronic databases and databanks) were distributed. Some of them can be used while studying how local people of the Kuibyshev (now - Samara) Region participated in the military operations in 1941-1945. The paper analyzes information opportunities of the generalized databank Memorial and the consolidated database of the all-Russian information and search center Fatherland. The paper also analyzes the electronic database of the irrevocable human losses of the Kuibyshev Region that is founded on The Memory book and made by the author of the paper. The databank Memorial and the database Fatherland are on the Internet and help to determine the fate or find the information about the dead or missing relatives and friends as well as to determine their burial place. Sections of the victims are accompanied by links as well as by digital copies of archival documents that confirm the information about the date, place of service, death and burial of soldier. Electronic resources have unique features and value for achieving the historical truth about the price of Victory.


2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
T.V. Tishkina

The process of forming the fund and the features of the military-historical exposition of the Museum of History of Education in Barnaul is considered. The institution has been operating since 2008 under the direction of O.V. Kakotkina. Museum Fund it is more than 12, 5 thousand of items. Considerable attention has been paid to manning collections reflecting wartime events. The article analyzes the exposition of the hall “Education in Barnaul during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)”. The museum staff and artist-designer N.A. Burdina carried out the exposition. When creating the exposition, the principles of scientificness, subjectivity and communication are observed. Over 230 exhibits are presented in the sections of the exposition: letters, photos, awards, archival documents, household items 1930-1940, artifacts obtained as a result of excavations at battlefields in the Novgorod region, etc. A variety of modern museum equipment was used to accommodate them. About 7000 people visit the museum annually. They get acquainted with the exposition of the hall during museum or in their own. It is noted that the activities of the museum are important for the preservation, study and promotion of the heritage of Barnaul educators.


Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.А. СЕКИНАЕВ

В изучении истории Великой Отечественной войны, как правило, основное внимание уделялось героике – битвам, сражениям, славным воинам. Гораздо меньше исследовательского внимания пришлось на военную повседневность, трудовые будни тыла. Актуальность этого вопроса сегодня заключается в многочисленных попытках фальсификации истории войны. К сожалению, тема тыла в условиях оккупации отдельных регионов стала использоваться в провокационных проектах, направленных на разжигание межнациональной розни. Ангажированность и политизированность таких исследований подтверждается многочисленными тиражами отдельных «трудов», очерняющих вклад народов страны в победу. Противостоять таким попыткам необходимо с позиций академической науки. В настоящей статье рассматриваются трудовые процессы, происходившие в тылу боевых действий в Северной Осетии: всеобщая мобилизация трудового населения на помощь фронту, деятельность промышленных предприятий на территории республики. Поставленные вопросы в той или иной степени нашли свое отражение в советской историографии, но многие события и явления, оказавшиеся на периферии исследовательского внимания, нуждаются в анализе или переосмыслении. В настоящей статье впервые вводятся в научный оборот новые источники – материалы периодической печати военных лет: республиканской газеты «Социалистическая Осетия», а также заводских газет «На рельсы» и «Рабочий Электроцинка», которые существенно дополняют сложившиеся представления о жизни тыла ‒ хорошо организованного хозяйственно-экономического, социально-политического и культурного пространства, с помощью которого удалось остановить врага от захвата столицы ‒ города Орджоникидзе, и дальнейшего продвижения немецкой армии в Закавказье. Study of the history of the Great Patriotic War, as a rule, focuses on heroics − battles, glorious warriors. Much less research attention was paid to military everyday life and the working days of the rear. The relevance of this issue today is accounted for by numerous attempts to falsify the history of the war. Unfortunately, the topic of the rear under the occupation of certain regions began to be used in provocative projects aimed at inciting ethnic hatred. Partisanship and politicization of such research is confirmed by numerous copies of individual "works" to blacken the country's contribution to the victory of the peoples. It is necessary to resist such attempts from the standpoint of academic science. This article discusses the labor processes that took place in the rear of the hostilities in North Ossetia: the general mobilization of the working population to help the front, the activities of industrial enterprises in the republic. The questions raised, to one degree or another, were reflected in Soviet historiography, but many events and phenomena that have fallen on the periphery of research attention need analysis or rethinking. This article for the first time introduces into scientific circulation new sources − materials from the periodical press of the war years: the republican newspaper "Socialist Ossetia", as well as the factory newspapers "On the Rails" and "Electrozinc Worker ", which significantly complement the prevailing ideas about the life of the rear − a well-organized economic, socio-political and cultural space, with the help of which it was possible to stop the enemy from seizing the capital − the city of Ordzhonikidze, and further advance the German army in Transcaucasia.


Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Podlesnov

The relevance of the work is due to the need for a scientific understanding of the phenomenon of peasant rebellion against Soviet power, and the largest of them, the Tambov rebellion, in the year of its centenary, to study motivation as its leaders, one of whom was I.S. Matyukhin and ordinary participants. The purpose of the study is to analyze the personality of Ivan Matyukhin and the soldiers of his detachment, as well as the main military operations in which they participated. When working on the study, such research methods were used as the study of archival data and memoirs, their analysis. The research was based on the data of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, the State Archive of the Social and Political History of the Tambov Region, the Russian State Military Archive, the memoirs of the participants in the events under study, as well as published scientific works. The scientific significance of the study lies in the systematization of in-formation about Ivan Matyukhin’s detachment, the analysis of known archival documents and the introduction of new ones into scientific circulation. In the course of the study, the military operations of the Insurrectionary Army, in which the I.S. Matyukhin regiment took part, are analyzed, and the key role of his unit in especially significant operations was revealed. A social portrait of a member of his detachment is compiled – most often these are peasants, both wealthy and those related to the poor, for the most part who had experience in military operations. We prove the high level of support of the Matyukhin unit among local residents, skillfully organized intelligence and staff work.


Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
И.Т. Марзоев

Предлагаемая статья посвящена происхождению фамилий Алагирского общества Северной Осетии. Согласно народным преданиям, множество фамилий этого общества происходит от общего родоначальника – осетинского царя Ос-Багатара. Целью данной работы является определение с помощью архивных документов XIX в. происхождения фамилий Алагирского общества – потомков Ос-Багатара, воссоздание их генеалогического древа, получение информации о представителях рассматриваемых фамилий, их браках, а также установление их социально-политической значимости в своем обществе и в Осетии в целом. Объектом исследования являются осетинские фамилии, происходящие от колен Сидамона, Царазона, Кусагона и Агуза, потомков Ос-Багатара. Для выполнения поставленных задач в научный оборот вводятся материалы не опубликованных архивных документов. Это документы «Комитета, учрежденного при Военно-Осетинском округе для разбора поземельных и личных прав туземцев этого округа», посемейные списки, составленные самими представителями фамилий в 1859-1860 гг. и 1871-1872 гг., родословные древа, разного рода прошения на имя чиновников Военно-Осетинского округа и Терской области и др. В работе были использованы общенаучные такие методы, как анализ, синтез, индукция, а также сопоставительный метод, применяемый к историческим источникам для определения степени их достоверности. В статье на основе архивных и опубликованных источников рассмотрены варианты происхождения фамилий Алагирского общества Северной Осетии, возводящих себя к четырем прародителям, сыновьям Ос-Багатара: Сидамону, Царазону, Кусагону и Агузу. Также был определен ряд фамилий Алагирского общества, претендовавших на дворянские привилегии и доказывавших свои права на основе народных преданий, грамот грузинских царей и документов Российской администрации на Кавказе. Материалы данного исследования могут служить дополнительным источником к изучению истории Северной Осетии. Они позволяют более глубоко и основательно исследовать генеалогию осетинских фамилий. The aim of this work is to determine the origin of the surnames of the Alagir society, originating from Os-Bagatar, using archival documents of the 19th century, to recreate their family tree, to obtain information about representatives of the surnames in question, their marriages, as well as to determine their socio-political significance in their society, and in Ossetia as a whole. The object of the study is the Ossetian surnames originating from the tribes of Sidamon, Tsarazon, Kusagon and Aguz, descendants of Os-Bagatar. To accomplish the tasks, materials of unpublished archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation. These are the documents of the “Committee established at the Military Ossetian District for the analysis of the land and personal rights of the natives of this district”, family lists compiled by the representatives of the surnames in 1859-1860. and 1871-1872, the family trees, various petitions addressed to the officials of the Military Ossetian district, Terek region, etc. In the work, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction) were used, as well as a comparative method applied to historical sources to determine the degree of their reliability. Based on archival and published sources, the article discusses the origin of the surnames of the Alagir society of North Ossetia, raising themselves to the four ancestors, the sons of Os-Bagatar: Sidamon, Tsarazon, Kusagon and Aguz. A number of surnames of the Alagir society were also identified, claiming noble privileges and proving their rights on the basis of folk traditions, letters of Georgian tsars and documents of the Russian administration in the Caucasus. Research materials can serve as an additional source for studying the history of Ossetia. They allow you to more deeply and thoroughly explore the genealogy of Ossetian families.


Author(s):  
И.Т. МАРЗОЕВ

В статье на основе архивных источников и опубликованных материалов представлено историко-генеалогическое исследование двух фамилий: дигорских баделят Тугановых из Дигорского общества и тагаурских алдар Тугановых из Тагаурского общества Северной Осетии. Рассмотрены генеалогические предания обеих фамилий, сохранившиеся в устном народном творчестве осетин. Показано различие происхождения каждого из привилегированных родов, не связанных между собой общими корнями. Указаны населенные пункты, в которых проживали Тугановы в обоих осетинских обществах. Определен ряд родственных фамилий, происходящих с ними от одного корня. Согласно прошениям представителей обеих фамилий, поданным ими в Комитет для разбора личных и поземельных прав горцев Военно-Осетинского округа в 1859 г., предком Тугановых из Дигорского общества является Бадели, а предком Тугановых из Тагаурского общества — Тага. Фамилия Тугановых встречается, помимо Осетии, у кабардинцев, ингушей, ногайцев, русских, татар и других народов. И если до революции Тугановы в Осетии принадлежали к привилегированному сословию, то у соседних народов Кавказа и России представители этой фамилии зачастую могли относиться также и к зависимым сословиям. Приведены примеры имеющихся однофамильцев Тугановых из числа знати соседних кавказских народов и в среде зависимых сословий Осетии и Кабарды. Также представлена биографическая информация и фотографии наиболее известных представителей фамилий Тугановых Дигорского и Тагаурского обществ Северной Осетии. Материалы исследования могут служить дополнительным источником к изучению истории Осетии. Они позволяют более глубоко и основательно исследовать генеалогию осетинских фамилий. The article presents a historical-genealogical study of two family names: the Tuganovs from the Digor Society of North Ossetia and the Tagaur Aldar Tuganovs from the Tagaur Society of North Ossetia, based on archival sources and published materials. The genealogical legends of both families, preserved in the oral folk art of the Ossetians, were also investigated. The difference in the origin of each of the two genera, which are not privileged by common common roots, is shown. The settlements in which the Tuganovs lived in both Ossetian societies are indicated. According to the petitions of the representatives of both families submitted to the Committee for analyzing the personal and land rights of the mountaineers of the Military Ossetian District in 1859, the ancestor of the Tuganovs from the Digor Society is Badeli, and the ancestor of the Tuganovs from the Tagaurian society is Taga. The name of the Tuganovs is found in addition to Ossetia, among the Kabardins, Ingushes, Nogais, Russians, Tatars and other peoples. And if before the revolution the Tuganovs in Ossetia belonged to the privileged class, then among the neighboring peoples of the Caucasus and Russia, representatives of this family often could also refer to dependent estates. A number of related surnames, originating with them from the same root, are determined. Biographical information and photographs of the most famous representatives of the names of the Tuganovs of Digorian and Tagaurian societies of North Ossetia are also presented. Examples are given of the namesake of the Tuganovs among the nobility of the neighboring Caucasian peoples and among the dependent estates of Ossetia and Kabarda. The materials of the study significantly supplement the history of Ossetia, contribute to a deeper and renewed study of the genealogy of Ossetian surnames.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Mokhov ◽  
Andrey Shamanaev ◽  
Karina Kapsalykova

This article considers the emergency evacuation of the collections of the Chersonese Historical and Archaeological Museum from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic War, between September and December 1941. The authors analyse some issues concerning the preparation and transportation of the museum collection and the interaction between state structures and cultural institutions in wartime conditions. The study is based on unpublished archival materials from the funds of the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region and the Documentation Centre of Public Organisations of Sverdlovsk Region. The study of problems connected with saving cultural heritage during military conflicts is relevant considering the threat of local wars in the modern world. At present, military actions pose serious risks of the destruction, damage, and illicit transfer of museum exhibits. The authors employ the historical and anthropological approach, paying a great deal of attention to the historiography of the issue of cultural heritage preservation during the Great Patriotic War. The experience of evacuating heritage collections from the Chersonese Museum is both unique and typical. One hundred and eight crates of artifacts, books, and archival documents were sent from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk, accompanied by a single employee of the museum, S. F. Strzelecki. Owing to his effort, the priceless collection was successfully delivered to the rear. Most problems faced during the emergency evacuation of the Chersonese collections related to the deficit of material resources, rapid changes in the situation at the front, inefficient interaction between the bodies of power, academic and cultural institutions, and deficiencies in the transportation system. The authors argue that during the early stages of the Great Patriotic War, the conditions in the military and cultural spheres posed a significant threat to the preservation of cultural heritage. There were no mobilisation plans for museums and the authorities failed to assess the real risks of wartime. Taking these factors into account should help diminish the threat of cultural heritage loss during military conflicts.


Globus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bayramov

The history of the Seljuk state, which played a significant role in the political, economic and cultural life of the Near and Middle East in the Middle Ages, is one of the most actual problems in Azerbaijani historiography. As it is known, after the establishment of the Seljuk state by the Turks, their main policy was to advance to the west, to seize Anatolia, to turn Anatolia into Turkish lands. The Caucasus region was the gateway to Anatolia. That is why the Caucasus, as well as Azerbaijan was of great military-strategic importance for the Seljuks. After the Dandanekan victory, it was decided at the Congress in Merv to launch new military operations to the East and West. The main target of the attack was Iran, Byzantium and the South Caucasus, because these countries were in political disarray and unable to resist them. Seljuk troops advancing on the Caucasus soon subjugated the local feudal states. The people of Azerbaijan, who have been under the rule of the Seljuk state for more than a century, have played a special role in the political and cultural development of the Seljuk state. However, this problem in national historiography has been a separate research topic only in the second half of the 20th century, which has long been out of sight. The present article is devoted to the study of Seljuk state in Azerbaijani historiography. The article studies the works of prominent Azerbaijani historians Z. Bunyadov, R. Huseynov, N. Akhundova, N.Aliyeva, Sh.Mustafayev, I.Hajiyev, T.Dostiyev and others, who have done research in this area since the second half of the twentieth to the first decade of the twenty-first century and their role in the study of the history of the great state in the medieval Muslim East, the Seljuk State, has been defined


Author(s):  
Angela V. Dolgova

During the Civil War, Soviet workers had to fight against desertion and banditry. Since the majority of the country’s population was the peasantry, a confrontation arose with the Soviet government of that part of it that could not accept it. More often than not, peasants fell under such Bolshevik propaganda labels as “white gangs” or “gangs of deserters”, which had spread through the efforts of the party-Soviet propaganda machine. According to archival documents, local Soviet workers used terror not only to suppress resistance, but also as a forced measure caused by the real military-political situation in the Perm Governorate. The fight for the establishment of the power of the Soviets was fought against banditry, not desertion, and was fierce. Consequently, the widespread thesis in the history of the Civil War in the Perm Governorate about mass desertion is nothing more than an assumption. The line of the Eastern Front passed next to the Osinsky District, so the most fierce fight unfolded here, which in turn had an impact on the military-political situation in the governorate as a whole.


Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Chernyaev ◽  

The Great Patriotic War was a decisive challenge not only for the military power and material and technical base of our country, but also for its spiritual, cultural and ideological foundations. Many Russian philosophers became participants in the hos­tilities, but the role of philosophers who continued scientific work was no less im­portant, the plans of which were adjusted and aimed at implementing projects re­lated to the strengthening of patriotism, the development of national identity, the revival of the classical forms of science and culture, consistent with historical heritage of Russia. This scientific work was in the context of the socio-cultural and spiritual processes that intensified in the USSR during the war and responded to the tasks of strengthening defense capability and the formation of a new socio-state identity. The main undertakings implemented in this connection by the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences were the development of the history of Russian philosophical thought and the creation of a new textbook of formal logic. These areas of research activity have shown their relevance in the light of the chal­lenges of wartime and prospects in terms of the long-term development of science.


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