scholarly journals Test the efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) and magnetic water to reduce the effect of salinity on plant onion (Allium cepa L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333
Author(s):  
Faris Mohammed SUHAIL ◽  
Imad Adnan MAHDI
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Magnetized Water ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Magnetic Water

We carried out two factorial experiments in pots (capacity 4 kg) in order to increase the salt tolerance  of  one  of  our  important  plant -  onion,  using  inoculation  with  mycorrhizal  fungi  (Glomus fasciculatum) and magnetized water under conditions of salinity stress. The first experiment aims the interaction  between  fungus  inoculation  and  four  levels  of  saline  drainage  water  (0.66,  5.0,  7.5,  10.0 ds/m)  and  the  second  experiment  aims  the  interaction  between  the  inoculation  factor  and  the  water magnetic and two soils with different salinity (5.6, 13.4 ds/m). The results showed that the inoculation with  the  mycorrhizal  fungi  led  to  a  significant  increase  in  height,  fresh  weight  and  dry  weight  of onions  to  all  levels  of  salinity  compared  with  no  addition  of  inoculation,  while  led  to  a  significant reduction in electrical conductivity and the percentage of AM colonization of all levels of salts water. The  treatment  with  inoculation  and  magnetized  water  when  the  salinity  was  13.4  ds.m-1  recorded significant  increase  for  plants  height,  fresh  weight  and  dry  weight  (38.46%,  60.0%,  92.30%) respectively compared to the variant without inoculation, only with addition of water non-magnetized at  the  same  soil  salinity.  The  addition  of  mycorrhizal  fungi  (Glomus  fasciculatum)  and  magnetized water impact significant in reducing the electric conductivity (Ec) in soil salinity (13.4 ds/m) while it affects significantly the percentage of AM colonization in both two soils.

scholarly journals METODOLOGIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA SALINIDADE DO SOLO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Oliveira Pinto de Queiroz ◽  
Roberto Testezlaf ◽  
Edson Eiji Matsura
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Vacuum Solution ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Productive Process ◽  
Salinity Levels

METODOLOGIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA SALINIDADE DO SOLO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO  Sérgio Oliveira Pinto de Queiroz1; Roberto Testezlaf2; Edson Eiji Matsura21Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, BA,  [email protected]. 2Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP  1 RESUMO Em condições de ambiente protegido a irrigação é essencial e a fertirrigação um agente facilitador do manejo da água e fertilização do solo; todavia, o uso contínuo e nem sempre adequado pode elevar a salinidade do solo, comprometendo o processo produtivo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar uma metodologia para caracterizar a ocorrência de salinização em cultivos protegidos, usando diferentes métodos para determinação da condutividade elétrica do solo. Em laboratório foram avaliados os equipamentos Sensor Sigma Probe EC1, da Delta-T e extratores de solução do solo à vácuo. Os equipamentos foram utilizados em três solos com diferentes texturas e sob cinco níveis de salinidade: 0, 2, 4, 8 e 12 dS. m-1 a 25° C. Os resultados obtidos pelos métodos avaliados foram comparados ao método do extrato de saturação. O equipamento Sigma Probe EC1, por apresentar melhor correlação com o método de referência na fase laboratorial, foi utilizado nas visitas as propriedades, sob produção em ambiente protegido, na macrorregião de Campinas, revelou ser mais eficiente. A aplicação do questionário associada às leituras de condutividade elétrica do solo com o sensor Sigma Probe permitiu diagnosticar a deficiência no manejo da água e condutividade elétrica nas propriedades avaliadas. Os valores obtidos de condutividade elétrica no extrato de saturação do solo para as propriedades visitadas, não caracterizam solos salinos, mas podem afetar a produção de flores e outras plantas sensíveis à salinidade. UNITERMOS: manejo da irrigação; fertirrigação.  QUEIROZ, S. O. P. de.; TESTEZLAF, R.; MATSURA, E. E. METHODOLOGY FOR SOIL SALINITY EVALUATION IN GREENHOUSE  2 ABSTRACT Under controlled environmental conditions, irrigation is essential and the use of fertigation becomes a facilitator agent for water and fertilization management. However, the intensive use of fertigation in this type of productive process can increase soil salinity, and affect productive process. This work objective was to evaluate a methodology in order to characterize the salinization process occurrence of in greenhouse farms using different methods to determine soil electric conductivity l. Sigma Probe EC1, manufactured by Delta-T and vacuum solution manufactured extractors were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The equipment was used in three different soil textures, under five salinity levels: 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 dS. m-1 at 25° C. The obtained results of electric conductivity were compared to the saturation extract method. The Sigma Probe EC1 equipment was used in farm visits, with controlled environmental production inCampinas macro region. Among the used equipment in the laboratorial part, the sigma Probe EC1 presented the best results for soil electrical conductivity determination, when compared to saturation extract, in saline and non saline soils. Using the questionnaire for electric conductivity determinations using Sigma Probe sensor it was possible to verify the deficiency in the soil moisture and electrical conductivity management. The obtained results for electric conductivity using the saturation extract methods do not characterize saline soils on the visited farms, but they showed that the salinity levels in the soil could affect flower production and other crops sensitive to salinity. KEYWORDS: irrigation management, fertigation.

scholarly journals Assessment of soil salinity indexes using electrical conductivity sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 110171
Author(s):  
Sebastián Bañón ◽  
Sara Álvarez ◽  
Daniel Bañón ◽  
María Fernanda Ortuño ◽  
María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Salinity

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variability of Soil Salinity in the Yangtze River Estuary Using Electromagnetic Induction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875
Author(s):  
Wenping Xie ◽  
Jingsong Yang ◽  
Rongjiang Yao ◽  
Xiangping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Yangtze River Estuary ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River Estuary

Soil salt-water dynamics in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) is complex and soil salinity is an obstacle to regional agricultural production and the ecological environment in the YRE. Runoff into the sea is reduced during the impoundment period as the result of the water-storing process of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which causes serious seawater intrusion. Soil salinity is a problem due to shallow and saline groundwater under serious seawater intrusion in the YRE. In this research, we focused on the temporal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of soil salinity in the YRE using geostatistics combined with proximally sensed information obtained by an electromagnetic induction (EM) survey method in typical years under the impoundment of the TGR. The EM survey with proximal sensing method was applied to perform soil salinity survey in field in the Yangtze River Estuary, allowing quick determination and quantitative assessment of spatial and temporal variation of soil salinity from 2006 to 2017. We developed regional soil salinity survey and mapping by coupling limited laboratory data with proximal sensed data obtained from EM. We interpreted the soil electrical conductivity by constructing a linear model between the apparent electrical conductivity data measured by an EM 38 device and the soil electrical conductivity (EC) of soil samples measured in laboratory. Then, soil electrical conductivity was converted to soil salt content (soil salinity g kg−1) through established linear regression model based on the laboratory data of soil salinity and soil EC. Semivariograms of regional soil salinity in the survey years were fitted and ordinary kriging interpolation was applied in interpolation and mapping of regional soil salinity. The cross-validation results showed that the prediction results were acceptable. The soil salinity distribution under different survey years was presented and the area of salt affected soil was calculated using geostatistics method. The results of spatial distribution of soil salinity showed that soil salinity near the riverbanks and coastlines was higher than that of inland. The spatial distribution of groundwater depth and salinity revealed that shallow groundwater and high groundwater salinity influenced the spatial distribution characteristics of soil salinity. Under long-term impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the variation of soil salinity in different hydrological years was analyzed. Results showed that the area affected by soil salinity gradually increased in different hydrological year types under the impoundment of the TGR.

Electrical Conductivity of Chloro(phenyl)glyoxime and Its Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1233-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Turkoglu ◽  
Mustafa Soylak ◽  
Ibrahim Belenli
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Elemental Analysis Data ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Metal Ligand

Chloro(phenyl)glyoxime, a vicinal dioxime, and its Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes were prepared. XRD patterns of the complexes point to similar crystal structures. IR and elemental analysis data revealed the 1:2 metal-ligand ratio in the complexes. The Co(II) complex is a dihydrate. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of the solid ligand and its complexes was measured in the temperature range 25-250 °C; it ranged between 10-14-10-6 Ω-1 cm-1 and increased with rising temperature. The activation energies were between 0.61-0.80 eV. The Co(II) complex has lower electric conductivity than the Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. This difference in the conductivity has been attributed to differences in the stability of the complexes.

scholarly journals Investigation of Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete Mixed with Water Exposed to a Magnetic Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
R. Dharmaraj ◽  
G. K. Arunvivek ◽  
Alagar Karthick ◽  
V. Mohanavel ◽  
Bhagavathi Perumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
Chemical Admixtures ◽  
Magnetized Water ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Magnetic Water

Water is a crucial element in the concrete mix and is alone responsible for concrete work ability and cement hydration. The massive quantity of potable water consumed during the production of concrete is a concern. In general, fresh and hard concrete qualities are most influenced by the quantity and water quality. The use of magnetic water in concrete gives many benefits when it comes to increasing its properties. A substantial quantity of water can be saved by substituting potable water with magnetized water in concrete. In this study, the effects of magnetized water on the concrete's mechanical and durability properties were tested. Four different combinations were made using potable water and magnetic water. Mechanical properties including compression, flexural, tensile strength, and SEM analysis were evaluated. Water absorption, acid resistance, and corrosion resistance were all tested as part of the durability tests. According to the results of the experiments, employing magnetic water for concrete preparation and curing enhanced the mechanical properties and durability. Concrete mix MMMC prepared and subjected to curing using magnetized water has a 14.86% greater compressive strength than ordinary concrete. Similarly, tensile and flexural strength of mix MMMC amplified to 14.32% and 14.02%, respectively. Besides, the consumption of chemical admixtures also considerably reduced in magnetized water imbibed concrete.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) with Application of Beneficial Microorganisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Taufiq Hidayat ◽  
Prapto Yudono ◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Arif Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) is one of the most widely utilized vegetables by Indonesian people. Some technologies have been adapted to improved shallot productivity. One of those are the application of beneficial microorganisms. We applied mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma sp., and Bacillus thuringiensis as well as the combination among these microorganisms were applied in Shallots cultivation and were investigated to improve the growth and development of shallot. A field experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with two treatment factors. The first factor consisted of two shallot cultivars, namely Biru Lancor and Crok Kuning; whilst the second factor consisted of six beneficial microorganism treatments, i.e. control, mycorrhizae, Trichoderma sp., Bacillus thuringiensis, the combination of mycorrhizae and Trichoderma sp., and the combination of those three microorganisms. The observation was conducted on infection percentage of mycorrhizae, total population of Trichoderma sp., leaf area, leaf area index, net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, harvest index, and plant yield. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% significance level. The results showed the leaf area of shallot was improved as affected by the application of mycorrhizal fungi. The effectiveness and implication of mycorrhizal fungi on shallot growth would decrease if the application of was combined with other microorganisms. However, the application of beneficial microorganisms had not been able to increase component yield and yield of Biru Lancor and Crok Kuning, indicated by bulb weight, number of bulb, bulb diameter, number of bulb per cluster, and bulb yield per hectare.

scholarly journals Effect of Magnetic Irrigation Water on Apparent and Productive Characteristics of Bean crop (Viciafaba. L)

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
Ali A. Made ◽  
Amal A. Alazarg ◽  
Almabrok Z. Alsharef ◽  
Karima K. Alturki ◽  
Mohamed A. Alafi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magnetized Water ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Bean Crop ◽  
Magnetic Water

To achieve the objectives of the study, a field experiment was conducted in the area of Judaim 5 km east of the city of Zawiya - Libya at the farm of citizen Juma Al-Marhoon 2018. The experiment was designed with the design of randomized complete block design (RCBD Factorial) of three replicates, two varieties of bean crop (Viciafaba.L) (Cyprus and Aquadulcy), and two types of irrigation water (magnetic water Mw and non-magnetic water (N Mw). Soil samples from were collected at different depths over three time periods (after one and a half months and three months after harvesting). Some chemical properties of the samples were analyzed and measured. The results of statistical analysis of experiment data showed that the irrigation of the two varieties of bean crops (Cyprus and Aquadulcy) with magnetized water Mw compared to the non-magnetized water N Mw increased significantly in the number of plant branches and plant height. The increase was high significant in germination rate. The increase in productivity was significant in the weight of dry pods, the weight of dry seeds and the total weight of the plant and very high significant in the weight of 100 seeds (g). The other characteristics of the plant, such as vitality, weight, number of root nodes and harvesting index, were not affected by magnetic water. The results of the statistical analysis of soil collected in the first and third stage showed no significant differences between soil irrigated with magnetic water and irrigated soil with untreated water in most of the chemical properties of the soil, except for the dissolved potassium K and pH, the differences were highly significant in the soils collected in the third stage. The results of the statistical analysis of soil data collected in the second stage showed significant and high significant differences between soil irrigated with magnetic water and soil irrigated with untreated water in most of the chemical properties of the soil.

scholarly journals THE SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SOIL SALINITY AT THE YOUNG SALINE COASTAL PLAIN OF THE CASPIAN REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Konyushkova ◽  
S. Alavipanah ◽  
A. Abdollahi ◽  
S. Hamzeh ◽  
A. Heidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Almost All

The study is focused on the pattern of soil salinity at the young loamy coastal plains of the Caspian Sea in Russia and Iran which were released from water less than 300 years ago. At two key sites of 45×30 m (Russia) and 25×20 m (Iran), the soil sampling with 1 to 5 m grid was performed to the depth of 1 m. The electrical conductivity (1 : 2.5) was measured in soil samples and soil sa-linity maps were compiled. Soils are represented by solonchaks with 2–3% of salts in the top layer or highly saline soils partly leached in the upper 5–10 cm. The ground water table is shallow (2–2.5 m). The studied sites are different in terms of climate, microtopography, and vegetation cover but spatial differentiation of soil salinity is quite similar what is evidenced from the similar distributions (mean values and variance) of electrical conductivity in almost all studied depths. The redistribution of salts is mainly observed in the upper 50 cm with the maximal manifestation in the upper 5 cm.

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