scholarly journals Effect of Nutritive Media and PH on in vitro Mycelial Growth of some Pleurotus eryngii Strains

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Alexandru Valentin Zagrean ◽  
Gicuta Sbirciog ◽  
Mihaela Alina Buzatu ◽  
Iuliana Mandru
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Optimal Values

The mycelial growth rate of 4 strains of Pleurotus eryngii was first studied on different culture media - MEA, PDA and WEA (wheat extract agar). In the next experiment, we checked the mycelial growth on the same medium but at 3 different pHs. MEA medium ensured the highest growth rates for all the strains under test, followed by PDA. Pery-G strain showed the fastest growing rate on MEA (5.79 mm day-1) and PDA (3.04 mm day-1), respectively. Test concerning the mycelium growth on PDA at different initial pH values (5.5, 6.0, 6.5) showed the preference of our P.eryngii strains for media with weak acid to the neutral reaction , the optimal values being 6.0. There were no big differences among mycelium growing rates of the same strain for the three pH variants

scholarly journals Mycelial growth observation of Pleurotus eryngii (Higher Basidiomycota) In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Nadhim Owaid ◽  
Sajid SS Al-Saeedi ◽  
Idham Ali Abed
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Date Palm Fibers ◽  
King Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Vigorous Growth

Five agro-substrates including date palm fibers (fibrillum), wheat straw, white sawdust and their combinations were investigated to grow Pleurotus eryngii. The longer mycelium complete time within bags was 20 days on sawdust (S4), in contrast, the shorter time for mycelium overgrew was completed after 15 days on date palm fiber (S5). In significant (p<0.05), S5 showed the higher growth intensity level (vigorous growth) than other substrates. Thus use of date palm wastes (S5 medium) may be useful for successfully cultivation king oyster mushroom in farm.International Journal of Environment Vol.5(3) 2016, pp.1-10

Phosphite-based Products in the In vitro Colletotrichum musae Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Maria Luísa Mendes Rodrigues ◽  
Edson Hiydu Mizobutsi ◽  
Paola Junayra Lima Prates ◽  
Paula Virgínia Leite Duarte ◽  
Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
State University ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Colletotrichum Musae ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Vitro Effect

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of different phosphite formulations and concentrations on the development of Colletotrichum musae. Sample: to evaluate the inhibition of germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Colletotrichum musae. Study Design:  Treatments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with 4 replicates, each replicate consisting of 1 Petri dish. Place and Duration of Study:  Laboratory of Post-Harvest Pathology, State University of Montes Claros, between March and October 2017. Methodology: Three different phosphite formulations were used: FCu1 (4% Cu + 20% P2O5), FCu2 (4% Cu + 22% P2O5) at concentrations of 0.5;1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mL L-1 and FK (42% P2O5 + 27.7% K2O) at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mg.L-1. Products were incorporated into the respective culture media. Culture medium alone and culture medium + imazalil were used as controls. Petri dishes were housed in BOD chamber at 25°C under a 12 hours photoperiod. Results: Results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, and means were compared by the Tukey test (P <0.05). Control was compared to the other treatments by the Dunnet's test (P <0.05). Among the tested phosphite formulations, copper and potassium phosphites were found to reduce the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum musae. FCu2 presents a fungicide-like effect from the concentration of 0.5 m.L-1 in the control of conidia production. As for the FCu1, a fungicide-like effect was observed in the control of germination from the concentration of 1.5 mL.L-1. Conclusion: A significant fungistatic effect was observed between the concentrations of the products in the mycelial growth, sporulation and germination obtaining control of up to 100% of the development of C. musae. Copper phosphites were as effective as fungicide in inhibiting fungal development.

scholarly journals PROSPECÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL BIOTECNOLÓGICO DE LINHAGENS COMERCIAIS DE SHIITAKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-649
Author(s):  
Dalvan Pereira Abilio ◽  
Olívia Gomes Martins ◽  
Giovana Silva ◽  
Meire Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Eucalyptus Sawdust

PROSPECÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL BIOTECNOLÓGICO DE LINHAGENS COMERCIAIS DE SHIITAKE   DALVAN PEREIRA ABÍLIO1, OLÍVIA GOMES MARTINS2, GIOVANA CRISTINA PINTO ALVES DA SILVA3, MEIRE CRISTINA NOGUEIRA DE ANDRADE4   1 Graduando em Ciências Biológicas, Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração – Unisagrado, R. Irmã Arminda, 10-50 - Jardim Brasil, 17011-160 Bauru, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Doutoranda em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Mestre em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Docente da Faculdade Gran Tietê, Av. 15 de Novembro, 125 - Centro, 17340-000, Barra Bonita, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]   RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o crescimento micelial in vitro de quatro linhagens comerciais de Lentinula edodes (LE-241, LE-242, LE-243 e LE-244) em meio de cultura à base de serragem de eucalipto, suplementado com bagaço de malte ou farelo de trigo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4 (substratos x linhgens), totalizando oito tratamentos, cada um com cinco repetições. Os substratos foram preparados com 20% de suplementação, acrescidos de calcário (tamponante), umidificados e esterilizados. Os meios de cultura foram preparados a partir da infusão dos substratos, filtração, adição de ágar e esterilização. As placas foram inoculadas com as linhagens e o crescimento radial do micélio na superfície do meio de cultura foi mensurado com paquímetro. O menor desenvolvimento micelial ocorreu com a linhagem LE-241 e com a linhagem LE-243 no substrato suplementado com farelo de trigo. Os maiores desenvolvimentos foram obtidos com as linhagens LE-242 e LE-244 no substrado suplementado com bagaço de malte. O desenvolvimento de todas as linhagens foi maior no substrato suplementado com bagaço de malte. Sendo assim, a utilização do bagaço de malte para o crescimento micelial é uma alternativa viável à suplementação tradicional com farelo de trigo.   Palavras-chave: fungos, cogumelo, Lentinula edodes, micélio, bagaço de malte.   PROSPECTING AND EVALUATING THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SHIITAKE COMMERCIAL STRAINS   ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the in vitro mycelial growth of four commercial Lentinula edodes strains (LE-241, LE-242, LE-243 and LE-244) in a culture medium based on eucalyptus sawdust, supplemented with malt bagasse or wheat bran. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2x4 factorial scheme (substrates x strains), totaling eight treatments, each with five repetitions. The substrates were prepared with 20% supplementation, added with lime (buffer), humidified and sterilized. The culture media were prepared from the infusion of substrates, filtration, addition of agar and sterilization. The plates were inoculated with the strains and the radial growth of the mycelium on the surface of the culture medium was measured using a caliper. The smallest mycelial growth occurred with the LE-241 strain and with the LE-243 strain on the substrate supplemented with wheat bran. The greatest growths were obtained with the LE-242 and LE-244 strains in the substrate supplemented with malt bagasse. The development of all strains was greater in the substrate supplemented with malt bagasse. Therefore, the use of malt bagasse for mycelial growth is a viable alternative to traditional wheat bran supplementation.   Keywords: fungi, mushroom, Lentinula edodes, mycelium, malt bagasse.

scholarly journals Antagonism of Plant Pathogens by Calotropis procera

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Karla Danielle Nogueira Cardoso ◽  
Maria Josiane Martins ◽  
Thaisa Aparecida Neres de Souza ◽  
Isabelle Carolyne Cardoso ◽  
Patrícia Nirlane da Costa Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Fungal Colony

Phomopsis sojae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are responsible for stem and pod dryness and white mold in soybean. These pathologies directly affect the quality of seeds/grains and compromise the entire plant. The use of extracts from different plants has been the subject of research for the control of several phytopathogens. Calotropis procera is among botanical species that synthesize efficient compounds for biocontrol. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of C. procera aqueous extract on P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks in a 2 &times; 5 factorial scheme (two fungi and five extract concentrations 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) with 4 replicates. C. procera aqueous extract concentrations were added to Petri dishes containing PDA. After 48 hours, the mycelial growth rate was evaluated. After seven days of incubation, the fungal colony area, sporulation, and germination of P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum were evaluated. There was significant interaction between fungi &times; extract concentrations (p &lt; 0.05) for all variables analyzed. The mycelial growth rate of P. sojae was lower than that of S. sclerotiorum. The diameter of the P. sojae fungal colony was smaller than that of S. sclerotiorum when concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% were used. As the extract concentration increased, fungi sporulation and germination reduced.

Synthesis and antifungal activities of 3-substituted phthalide derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Fan ◽  
Bilan Luo ◽  
Zhongfu Luo ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Judi Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate ◽  
Rate Method

AbstractIn order to obtain novel bioactive compounds with significant antifungal activities, two series of 3-substituted phthalide derivatives were designed and synthesized via reduction, bromine substitution, and etherification. In addition, the antifungal activities of all target compounds against nine phytopathogenic fungi in vitro were tested by using the mycelial growth rate method at the concentration of 50 μg mL−1. Preliminary bioassay tests showed that some compounds exhibited more potent antifungal activities as compared with hymexazol. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) of all target compounds were also investigated.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity against Alternaria solani and control of early blight in tomato by essential oil of bergamot orange

2020 ◽  
pp. 1861-1874
Author(s):  
Camila Hendges ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin ◽  
Márcia de Holanda Nozaki ◽  
Eloisa Lorenzetti ◽  
Odair José Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Progress Curve

The early blight (caused by the fungus Alternaria solani) results in significant damage to the tomato crop, directly affecting productivity. An alternative to the frequent use of pesticides is the use of essential oils, which can act in defense against phytopathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxic activity in vitro of the bergamot orange (Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia) essential oil against A. solani, the control of the early blight, and the activity of defense enzymes in tomatoes treated with this oil and inoculated with A. solani. Mycelial discs of A. solani were added to dishes with V8 culture media to which essential oil at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 µL L-1, in addition to a standard fungicide treatment (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, 200 + 125 g L-1, respectively) was added. The Petri dishes were incubated at 25 °C in the dark. Mycelial growth was evaluated daily for 19 days, when all treatments reached maximum growth. Sporulation analysis was performed thereafter. Tomato plants were treated with bergamot essential oil, 30 days after transplanting, in the concentrations and fungicide mentioned, in the second pair of leaves. After 72 hours, the pathogen was inoculated using a spray bottle, on treated leaves (second pair of leaves) and untreated leaves (third pair of leaves). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated based on five severity assessments. The activity of peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was evaluated in leaves treated with the concentration of 2500 µL L-1 of essential oil. The concentration of 2500 ?L L-1 reduced mycelial growth and sporulation of the pathogen by 68.15% and 29.48%, respectively. In treatments with application of essential oil, lower AUDPC was observed for a concentration of 2500 ?L L-1, which was statistically similar to that observed for fungicide application, both in treated and untreated leaves. A greater activity of PPO, POX, and PAL was found locally and systemically, both in the second and third leaves, at concentration of 2500 ?L L-1. The essential oil of bergamot can be an alternative for the control of early blight in tomato.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Resistance Potential of Selected Fungicides to Galactomyces and Penicillium spp. Causing Postharvest Fruit Decays of Citrus and Other Crops

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. McKay ◽  
H. Förster ◽  
J. E. Adaskaveg
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Green Mold ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Twofold Decrease

A diverse collection of isolates of Galactomyces citri-aurantii and G. geotrichum, the causal pathogens of sour rots of citrus and other fruit crops, respectively, was evaluated for sensitivity to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides of the triazole group. Propiconazole was found to be highly effective in reducing mycelial growth of both species in vitro. For 139 isolates of G. citri-aurantii, a mean effective concentration for 50% reduction of mycelial growth (EC50 value) of 0.34 μg/ml was determined; whereas, for 33 isolates of G. geotrichum, this value was 0.14 μg/ml. In a comparison of additional DMI fungicides, mean EC50 values for 60 isolates of G. citri-aurantii and 20 isolates of G. geotrichum, were 0.27 and 0.17 μg/ml for cyproconazole, 0.25 and 0.14 μg/ml for metconazole, and 1.16 and 0.73 μg/ml for tebuconazole, respectively. Propiconazole was also highly active against mycelial growth of imazalil-sensitive isolates of Penicillium digitatum, the pathogen that causes green mold of citrus, with a mean EC50 value of 0.008 μg/ml for 63 isolates. Imazalil-resistant isolates of this fungus were cross-resistant to propiconazole. When G. citri-aurantii and P. digitatum were grown at selected pH values between 3 and 9, inhibition by propiconazole occurred over the entire pH range. The fungicide was most effective at pH 5 when compared with the non-fungicide-amended control grown at the same pH. In laboratory mass platings of single-spore isolates sensitive to propiconazole onto selective media, isolates with an up to 81.6-fold decrease in sensitivity to the fungicide were recovered for P. digitatum. For G. geotrichum, isolates with an approximately twofold decrease in sensitivity were obtained. No isolates with reduced sensitivity were recovered for G. citri-aurantii. Propiconazole is currently being registered for postharvest use on citrus and other crops, and the information provided will be valuable in monitoring of fungicide resistance and in designing effective fungicide application strategies.

scholarly journals Isolation and mycelial growth of Diehliomyces microsporus: effect of culture medium and incubation temperature

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Soares do Nascimento ◽  
Augusto Ferreira da Eira
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
False Truffle ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

The false truffle is one of the main problems in the production of the Agaricus brasiliensis in Brazil and the control of this fungal competitor has been rather difficult due to difficulties in the isolation and cultivation of this pathogen. This experiment was conducted in three stages, the first consisting of the isolation of Diehliomyces microsporus starting from portions of the fruiting body and through the ascospores suspension; second, D. microsporus cultivated in vitro at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC in six different culture media (CSDA, OCDA, PCDA, ODA, PDA, CDA); third, D. microsporus was inoculated on sterilized compost for formation of the fruiting body. The colony formation from tissue of D. microsporus starting from portions of fruiting body was more efficient than germination of the ascospores. Compost medium (CDA) allowed a larger diameter of the D. microsporus colony, followed by the medium made up of compost and potato mixture, favoring a denser composition. The largest mycelial growth speed of D. microsporus occurred when the culture was incubated at 28 and 30ºC. Incubation temperatures lower than 15ºC or above 35ºC inhibited the mycelial growth of D. microsporus completely. The fruiting bodies were obtained easily in sterilized compost and later inoculated along with mycelial competitor.

scholarly journals In vitro inhibition of Fusarium solani by Trichoderma harzianum and biofertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e5210312994
Author(s):  
Paula Fernanda de Azevedo ◽  
Ana Carolina de Almeida ◽  
Rodrigo Domiciano Marques ◽  
Christiane Luciana da Costa ◽  
Anderson Roberto Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Sporulation Rate ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

Cassava root rot causes significant production losses. Difficulties of management, along with the lack of chemical fungicides officially registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), require alternative control methods. This study investigated the in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum as well as a biological fertilizer MICROGEO® on Fusarium solani. The phytophatogenic strains of F. solani, called F1 and F2 were isolated from rotted cassava tubers and T. harzianum, strain ESALQ 1306, from a biological fungicide. Continuous liquid composting of bovine ruminal content, water and MICROGEO® produced the biological fertilizer. Dual culture method was used at the bioassay with T. harzianum. Sterilized (St) and unsterilized (USt) biological fertilizer were tested in different concentrations (% v/v) diluted in the culture media. Colony diameters were measured daily in order to establish the mycelial growth velocity index, inhibition percentage, aside from the sporulation rate and spore germination percentage. The mycelial growth of F. solani isolates was interrupted after hyphae encounter with T. harzianum, due to the occurrence of mycoparasitism, but without influence on the sporulation rate. Sterilized biological fertilizer induced no biocontrol, whereas the unsterilized product (concentration 2.5%) inhibited approximately 64% and 85% of the mycelial growth of isolates F1 and F2, respectively. Moreover, spore germination declined with increasing concentration. In conclusion, T. harzianum and the unsterilized biofertilizer showed in vitro antagonistic activity on F. solani.

The Influence of Some Sources of Nitrogen on the Growth and Development of the Phomopsis Incarcerata Pathogen (SACC.) Hohnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 4000-4002
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Optimum Ph

Phomopsis incarcerata, known as the pathogen which caused the dieback of Rosa branches was detected in many orchards in Romania. Our investigations have approached a series of bio-ecological aspects of this pathogen: isolation, purification and obtaining the pathogen; determination and identification of the pathogen; establishing in vitro parameters of fungal development (nitrogen source). The isolate used in this study was obtained from Rosa spp. branches and was cultivated on three culture media: potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar and water agar which included five amino-acids: cysteine, glycine, beta-alanine, leucine and tryptophan. Leucine and glycine were favorable for the dynamics of the fungus.When the fungus grew on water agar, the sporulation was completely inhibited. The optimum pH values for the growth and creation of the Phomopsis incarcerata are in the range of 4.4-7, so weak to neutral acid. Keywords: Phomopsis, nitrogen sources, Rosa, pathogen

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