scholarly journals Fitting mathematical models to lactation curves from holstein cows in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abílio G.T. Ferreira ◽  
Douglas S. Henrique ◽  
Ricardo A.M. Vieira ◽  
Emilyn M. Maeda ◽  
Altair A. Valotto
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
The State ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Quality Of Fit ◽  
Wood Model

The objective of this study was to evaluate four mathematical models with regards to their fit to lactation curves of Holstein cows from herds raised in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Initially, 42,281 milk production records from 2005 to 2011 were obtained from "Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa (APCBRH)". Data lacking dates of drying and total milk production at 305 days of lactation were excluded, resulting in a remaining 15,142 records corresponding to 2,441 Holstein cows. Data were sorted according to the parity order (ranging from one to six), and within each parity order the animals were divided into quartiles (Q25%, Q50%, Q75% and Q100%) corresponding to 305-day lactation yield. Within each parity order, for each quartile, four mathematical models were adjusted, two of which were predominantly empirical (Brody and Wood) whereas the other two presented more mechanistic characteristics (models Dijkstra and Pollott). The quality of fit was evaluated by the corrected Akaike information criterion. The Wood model showed the best fit in almost all evaluated situations and, therefore, may be considered as the most suitable model to describe, at least empirically, the lactation curves of Holstein cows raised in Southwestern Parana.

scholarly journals Production, Forage Quality, and Performance of Holstein Cows under Intermittent Grazing on Tifton 85

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Valdevino Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Kátia Aparecida De Pinho Costa ◽  
Marco Antônio Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Edmar Soares Nicolau ◽  
Victor Costa Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance

Tropical forage grasses compose the base diet of the Brazilian cattle herd due to their low production cost, high production potential, and good adaptation to various Brazilian ecosystems. In recent years, the search has intensified for alternatives that increase the yield in pasture milk production systems. Thus, the present study evaluated the production and quality of Tifton 85 grass in relation to the production parameters (e.g. greater leaf: stem ratio), and milk quality of Holstein cows in an intermittent grazing system during different seasons of the year. The experiment was conducted at the Córrego da Ponte Farm in Santa Helena de Goias, Goias, Brazil, from April 2014 to March 2015. The experiment used a completely randomized design with nine replicates and the four seasons (fall, winter, spring, and summer) as treatments. The Holstein cows had a live weight of 560±36.8 kg and averages four years of age. The grazing method used was a mob-stocking, with one day of grazing and 19 days of rest. The results showed that Tifton 85 was efficient regarding production parameters (total dry mass) and forage quality (IVDMD, NDF, ADF). The milk production was satisfactory during the fall, spring, and summer. The forage showed limited production during the winter, due the highest NDF, ADF levels and lower IVDMD (P < 0.05), which was directly reflected in the milk yield, fat, protein and lactose (P < 0.05). A reduction in the stocking rate or an increase in the number of paddocks is advisable during the winter to maximize milk production without compromising forage development. The correlation data showed the importance of consuming better-quality forage to increase milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.

scholarly journals Mathematical models to describe the growth curves of white-egg layers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Cleber Franklin Santos de Oliveira ◽  
João Marcos Novais Tavares ◽  
Gerusa Da Silva Salles Corrêa ◽  
Bruno Serpa Vieira ◽  
Silvana Alves Pedrozo Vitalino Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Population Densities

The aim of this study was to compare mathematical models describing growth curves of white-egg layers at different population densities. To fit the models, 4,000 growing white-egg layers were utilized. The experimental design was completely randomized, with population densities of 71, 68, 65, 62, and 59 birds per cage in the starter phase and 19, 17, 15, 13, and 11 birds per cage in the grower phase, with 10 replicates each. Birds were weighed weekly to determine the average body weight and the weight gain. Gompertz and Logistic models were utilized to estimate their growth. The data analysis was carried out using the PROC NLMIXED procedure of the SAS® statistical computer software to estimate the parameters of the equation because mixed models were employed. The mean squared error, the coefficient of determination, and Akaike’s information criterion were used to evaluate the quality of fit of the models. The studied models converged for the description of the growth of the birds at the different densities studied, showing that they were appropriate for estimating the growth of white-egg layers housed at different population densities. The Gompertz model showed a better fit than the Logistic model.

ZONEAMENTO BIOCLIMÁTICO PARA VACAS LEITEIRAS NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Zanandra Boff Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies ◽  
Marília Boff De Oliveira ◽  
Irajá Jantsch De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Holstein Cows

O presente estudo teve como objetivo de estabelecer o zoneamento bioclimático para vacas leiteiras no estado do RS a partir do Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) e realizar a espacialização do déficit da produção de leite das vacas da raça Holandesa com nível de produção de 20, 25 e 30 kg dia -1. O estudo foi realizado para 27 municípios do estado para os quais foi calculado o ITU a partir de dados de temperatura média compensada (TMC) e umidade relativa compensada (URC), referentes a última normal climatológica (1961 e 1990) disponível no site do INMET. Nos meses em que o ITU foi superior ao de conforto térmico foi calculado a déficit de produção de leite. Uma vez detectada a dependência espacial, produziu-se o mapa temático da distribuição espacial da variável por meio de krigagem ordinária. O modelo esférico foi o que melhor ajustou à semivariância experimental observada para o ITU, que apresentou dependência espacial com correlação significativa negativa entre os valores de altitude. O ITU foi superior a 70, considerado condição de alerta, em 18 municípios dos 27 avaliados, nos meses de dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro, chegando ao valor máximo de 75,4, na faixa de municípios situados na região sudoeste, com altitude de até 100 m. O déficit de produção de leite de vacas Holandesas, para um nível de produção de 20 a 30 kg dia -1, em função de condições climáticas foi de até 4,20 kg dia -1 para o estado do RS.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: conforto térmico; índices de conforto térmico, geoestatística. BIOCLIMATIC ZONING FOR DAIRY COWS IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SULABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to establish the bioclimatic zoning for dairy cows in the state of RS analyzing  the temperature and humidity index (THI) and to perform the spatialization of  milk production deficit of  Holstein  cows  of 20, 25 and 30 kg day-1. The study was performed in  27 state municipalities for those UTI was calculated from the data of compensated mean temperature (TMC) and compensated relative humidity (URC), referring to the last climatological normal data (1961 and 1990) available on  INMET website. Once the spatial dependence was detected, a thematic map of the spatial distribution was generated using ordinary kriging. The spherical model was the best fit for the experimental semivariance observed for THI, which showed spatial dependence with significant negative correlation between altitude values. The THI was above 70, considered an alert condition, in 18 municipalities of the 27 evaluated, in the months of december, january and february, reaching a maximum value of 75.4, in the range of municipalities located in the southwest region, with altitude up to 100 m. The milk production deficit of Holstein cows, for a production yield of 20 to 30 kg day -1,  regarding  the climatic conditions, was up to 4.20 kg day -1 for the RS state.KEYWORDS: thermal comfort; thermal comfort indexes, geostatistics.

Poverty and the state

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Paul Spicker
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Practical Capacity ◽  
Almost All

A country can be taken to represent a political community. All democratic countries have come to accept some role in the reduction of poverty. This is interested differently, but almost all governments accept the principle that they are responsible to some degree for the quality of people’s lives. Governments are limited by their constitutional roles, their practical capacity and their economic powers. Policy is a disputed area; most governments proceed, not by coercion, but through negotiation, partnership and planning with a range of actors.

scholarly journals Public-Private Partnership in the Investment Sphere

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-167
Author(s):  
L.L. Hrytsenko ◽  
O.I. Tverezovska
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Social ◽  
Almost All

With reference of crisis’s deepening processes at the present stage of national economy’s development there is emerge a reduction in investment by both the private sector and public institutions. At the same time, one of the important components of creating a favorable climate for Ukraine’s economic growth is the development of infrastructure. Up today a set of problems related to the fixed assets` obsolescence in almost all areas of economic activity, physical and moral deterioration of equipment, lack of investment in infrastructure, lack of budget funding for infrastructure investment and innovation projects, etc. Consequently, there is a need to find qualitatively new tools and mechanisms for investment development of Ukraine’s economy, also forms and methods of investment interaction between the state and business based on public-private partnership (hereinafter – PPP). The effective interaction between the state and the private sector in PPP together with well-organized risk management system will allow investing in the development of production capacity, accelerate industrial growth, expand domestic and foreign markets, improve the quality of goods, works and services, improve public services, improve investment attractiveness and business activity. The research in the article is devoted to public-private partnership, which arises as a result of partnership between the state and business. PPP today is one of the qualitatively new tool and mechanism for investment development of Ukraine's economy. The world practice of PPP projects’ application, their most widespread types in different countries is investigated in the work. At present PPP is quite widely, especially in Europe, in the implementation of socio-economic tasks, such as ensuring effective governance in the field of PPP, reducing burden on the budget, strengthening the social responsibility of business, improving the quality of life of the country`s population, etc.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling for Determination of Correlation Between Current Density and Dissolved Oxygen in Yeast Microbial Fuel Cell-Based Biosensor

REAKTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Marcelinus Christwardana ◽  
Linda Aliffia Yoshi
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Quality Of Fit

Experiments were conducted to study the correlation between current density and dissolved oxygen (DO) and to develop a model for estimating the value of current density in yeast MFC based DO biosensors. A curve between current density and DO was made, and data analysis was performed using free-online data fitting, namely zunzun.com. One linear regression and nine different exponential models are used as an approach to determine the correlation between current density and DO. The higher DO, the current density will increase rapidly. The most suitable model was chosen to describe the correlation between the current density and the DO. The coefficient of determination (R2), the sum of square absolute (SSQABS), and root mean square error (RMSE) are used to determine goodness or quality of fit. The exponential model shows a better fit to illustrate the correlation between current density and DO, with R2, SSQABS, and RMSE values were 0.9975, 0.4745 and 0.3444, respectively.

scholarly journals Use Of E-Learning To The Effectiveness Of Students In Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-449
Author(s):  
Fachroh Fiddin ◽  
Bustami Bustami
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Track Analysis ◽  
Accounting Student

Abstract. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of student learning in the coastal areas of the island of Sumatra at the time of the Covid-19 virus pandemic using e-learning. The respondent is an accounting student at the state Polytechnic in Bengkalis where almost all students live in the coastal areas of the island and differ from those in urban areas. The variables examined the perception of benefits, perception of ease, and quality of service towards the use of e-learning and the effectiveness of student learning. The results showed a perception of benefits and quality of service impacting the use of e-learning and the effectiveness of student learning. While the perception of simplicity does not affect the use of e-learning and the effectiveness of student learning. The results of research using track analysis show that variable perception of benefits and quality of service affects the effectiveness of learning through the use of e-learning as a mediation variable. While the variable perception of ease has no influence on the effectiveness of student learning through the use of e-learning as a mediation variable.

scholarly journals Genome-wide scan reveals genetic divergence in Italian Holstein cows bred within PDO cheese production chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Ablondi ◽  
Massimo Malacarne ◽  
Claudio Cipolat-Gotet ◽  
Jan-Thijs van Kaam ◽  
Alberto Sabbioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin

AbstractDairy cattle breeds have been exposed to intense artificial selection for milk production traits over the last fifty years. In Italy, where over 80% of milk is processed into cheese, selection has also focused on cheese-making traits. Due to a deep-rooted tradition in cheese-making, currently fifty Italian cheeses are marked with the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) label as they proved traditional land of origin and procedures for milk transformation. This study aimed to explore from a genetic point of view if the presence of such diverse productive contexts in Italy have shaped in a different manner the genome of animals originally belonging to a same breed. We analyzed high density genotype data from 1000 Italian Holstein cows born between 2014 and 2018. Those animals were either farmed in one of four Italian PDO consortia or used for drinkable milk production only. Runs of Homozygosity, Bayesian Information Criterion and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components were used to evaluate potential signs of genetic divergence within the breed. We showed that the analyzed Italian Holstein cows have genomic inbreeding level above 5% in all subgroups, reflecting the presence of ongoing artificial selection in the breed. Our study provided a comprehensive representation of the genetic structure of the Italian Holstein breed, highlighting the presence of potential genetic subgroups due to divergent dairy farming systems. This study can be used to further investigate genetic variants underlying adaptation traits in these subgroups, which in turn might be used to design more specialized breeding programs.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE PROGRAM “PROVIDING AFFORDABLE AND COMFORTABLE HOUSING AND UTILITIES TO CITIZENS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION”

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
E.V. Ivankina ◽  
◽  
F.А. Polyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
State Program ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Currently, in the Russian Federation, economic development largely depends on the implementation of national projects and government programs adopted by the president and government. The federal executive bodies are developing specific goals and objectives of strategic planning affecting almost all areas of the economy, as well as a set of various measures with established indicators for the timing of their implementation and the resources necessary for their implementation. State programs are divided into 5 areas, each of which is responsible for a specific area. The state program “Providing affordable and comfortable housing and utilities for citizens of the Russian Federation” is part of a major area of “New Quality of Life” under which projects are being implemented in the field of social policy and construction. This article presents an assessment of the goals and objectives set in the state program “Providing affordable and comfortable housing and utilities for citizens of the Russian Federation”, analyzes the results of achieving the goals, considers examples of foreign practices and techniques in this area, and presents possible actions to reduce risks failure to achieve program targets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document