scholarly journals Association between family dynamics and use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darine Marie Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Diogo Timóteo Costa ◽  
Grizielle Sandrine de Araujo Rocha ◽  
Estela Maria Leite Meirelles Monteiro ◽  
Betânia da Mata Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze, in the light of systemic thinking, the association between family dynamics and the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by adolescents throughout life. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in nine public schools in the city of Recife. Three hundred and sixty-four adolescents aged 14 to 19 years participated. We used three questionnaires: The Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, a reduced version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory; and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: there was an association between parents/guardians ignoring what the child considers meaningful to him and the consumption of alcohol and tobacco by adolescents; we also verified an association between the occurrence of conflicting relationships and the consumption of illicit drugs by adolescents. Conclusions: it confirmed that disorganization in the family system, marked by impairments in emotional connections among members, and fragility in the sense of belonging are associated with the consumption of drugs in life by adolescents.

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharsila Martins Rios da Silva ◽  
Márcia Regina Martins Alvarenga ◽  
Maria Amélia de Campos Oliveira

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the profiles of families in the area covered by a Primary Health Center and to identify those in a vulnerable situation. METHOD: this is an epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study. 320 home visits were made, defined by a random sample of the areas covered by the Urban Center 1 in the city of São Sebastião, in Brazil's Federal District. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, elaborated based on the Family Development Index (FDI). RESULTS: there was a predominance of young families, women, and low levels of schooling. The FDI permitted the identification of families in situations of "high" and "very high" vulnerability. The most critical dimensions were: "access to knowledge" and "access to work". CONCLUSION: the study indicated the importance of greater investments in the areas of education, work and income, and highlighted the need for the use of a wider concept of vulnerability by the health services.


2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 5) ◽  
pp. 2258-2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Maria Mendes Abreu ◽  
Rafael Tavares Jomar ◽  
Gunnar Glauco de Cunto Taets ◽  
Maria Helena do Nascimento Souza ◽  
Daiane Belisário Fernandes

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the lifetime use of alcohol and other drugs among users of the Family Health Strategy and apply Brief Intervention to problems related to the use of these substances. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study where 1,031 users of the Family Health Strategy of the city of Rio de Janeiro answered a form with socio-demographic information and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Statistical analysis with simple frequency distribution was performed. Results: the most commonly used drugs in lifetime were alcohol and tobacco; among the illegal drugs, marijuana, hypnotics and cocaine/crack stood out. Those who received most Brief Intervention were users of tobacco, hypnotics, marijuana, cocaine/crack and alcohol. Conclusion: it is important to detect early problems associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs in Primary Care, since it has the promotion/protection of health and the prevention of diseases as priority health practices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5537-5559
Author(s):  
Jailyn N. Puerto ◽  
Marison R. Dy ◽  
Jacqueline Lee O. Canilao ◽  
Melissa P. Ferido ◽  
Benjamina Paula G. Flor

Agtas are one of the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) residing in the mountainous parts of Luzon and some can be found in the Bicol Region. They are still dependent on agriculture in order to generate income and sustain their basic needs. Agta farming families are said to be already engaging in the Palayamanan System Approach (PSA), but their knowledge and skills still need to be enhanced to fully maximize the benefits that they can gain from the said approach. The study aimed to analyze the family dynamics structure among farming family systems of Agta Indigenous Peoples in Bicol. It also evaluated how family dynamics affect farm decision-making among Agta farming households. The family dynamics of the Agta farming families was assessed through the FACES IV (Olson, 2011). Results showed that there was unbalanced cohesion and unbalanced adaptability levels within the family system. On the other hand, communication and satisfaction were high. Gender and educational attainment showed a strong correlation to family cohesion and engagement in the PSA, respectively, therefore, both factors could be considered for effective development interventions to take place. Overall, the Agta communities' geographical condition, culture and beliefs, sources of information have affected their way of living, farm practices, and farm-decision making. There have been very limited studies regarding indigenous people and communities in the Philippines. Thus, this study would serve as an entry point to further understand them and would guide in the formulation of appropriate strategies that will help improve and enhance their lives.     Los agtas son uno de los pueblos indígenas (PI) que residen en las zonas montañosas de Luzón y algunos se encuentran en la región de Bicol. Siguen dependiendo de la agricultura para generar ingresos y satisfacer sus necesidades básicas. Se dice que las familias agricultoras de Agta ya participan en el enfoque del sistema Palayamanan (PSA), pero sus conocimientos y habilidades aún deben mejorarse para maximizar los beneficios que pueden obtener de dicho enfoque. El estudio tenía como objetivo analizar la estructura de la dinámica familiar entre los sistemas familiares agrícolas de los pueblos indígenas Agta en Bicol. También se evaluó cómo la dinámica familiar afecta a la toma de decisiones agrícolas entre los hogares agrícolas Agta. La dinámica familiar de las familias agrícolas Agta se evaluó a través del FACES IV (Olson, 2011). Los resultados mostraron que había una cohesión desequilibrada y niveles de adaptabilidad desequilibrados dentro del sistema familiar. Por otro lado, la comunicación y la satisfacción eran altas. El género y el nivel educativo mostraron una fuerte correlación con la cohesión familiar y el compromiso con el APS, respectivamente, por lo tanto, ambos factores podrían ser considerados para que las intervenciones de desarrollo sean efectivas. En general, la condición geográfica, la cultura y las creencias de las comunidades Agta, así como las fuentes de información, han afectado a su modo de vida, a sus prácticas agrícolas y a la toma de decisiones agrícolas. Los estudios sobre los pueblos y comunidades indígenas en Filipinas son muy limitados. Por lo tanto, este estudio servirá como punto de entrada para comprenderlos mejor y guiará en la formulación de estrategias apropiadas que ayudarán a mejorar y potenciar sus vidas.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riva Schumacker Brust ◽  
Luíza Pereira Maia de Oliveira ◽  
Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da Silva ◽  
Isabel Cristina Ribeiro Regazzi ◽  
Gilberto Santos de Aguiar ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of farmworkers exposed to pesticides in the city of Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro State. Method: cross-sectional study, conducted through a questionnaire. The collected data were typed in spreadsheet and processed in the R software. Results: the predominance of female participants, between 40 and 60 years old, married, with some elementary education was observed. Furthermore, the family labor and the production for their own consumption and trade prevail. Herbicide is the most widely used pesticide. Most informants present poisoning symptoms, as they do not use Personal Protective Equipment nor sunscreen. Breast cancer is the most frequent in families; among the participants, 31% had hypertension and 6.4% diabetes. Conclusion: a population vulnerable to environmental and occupational risks, specially the middle-aged group and women, sets up a profile marked by regional differences.


1973 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 506-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce B. Peck ◽  
Thomas W. Stackhouse

Families in which one child is an identified problem reader were compared with normal families on a conjoint decision-making task. Reading-problem (RP) families took longer to reach a decision, spent a greater percentage of their decision time in silence, and evidenced fewer exchanges of explicit information and more irrelevant transactions. Results are discussed in terms of the communication atmosphere in RP families, a relationship between these exchanges and a child's reading disorder, and the RP child's role in the family system.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Weeland ◽  
Loes Keijsers ◽  
Susan Branje

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic brought about worldwide challenges and had a profound impact on family dynamics, relationships and routines. At the same time, the impact may differ largely due to regional differences in the numbers of infections and severity of preventive measures, as well as individual and contextual risk and protective factors. The aims of this special issue were therefore to (1) provide insight into the impact of the pandemic on the family system and (2) increase our understanding of how this impact may differ between families. This special issue consists of 13 original empirical studies that show how the pandemic affected families across different levels of the family system. At first sight, it seems that many families were able to cope relatively well with the stressors. Yet, for others the demands of the pandemic and pandemic-related measures seemed to exceed their capabilities and available resources. Importantly, the studies in this special issue suggest that the pandemic disproportionally affected children, caregivers and families who were already at risk. Together, the contributions to the special issue offer knowledge on the consequences of both the pandemic and preventive measures on family functioning. At the same time it also raises questions on the long-term impact of the pandemic and its impact on families who are currently underrepresented in empirical research.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássia Medino Soares ◽  
Camila Saueressig ◽  
Bruna Alves ◽  
Carolina Bortolin Beskow ◽  
Paulo Roberto Taborda de Souza Filho ◽  
...  

Abstract Background In areas of greater social vulnerability, there are high levels of food insecurity, infectious diseases and diseases secondary to malnutrition. However, in Brazil, there are few studies with recyclers from waste sorting units, resulting in a lack of health promotion programs for this population. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of food insecurity in recyclers from waste sorting units in the south of Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted from May of 2017 to April of 2018 with adult individuals from two waste sorting units in the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Clinical and nutritional evaluations were performed in the work environment, and three questionnaires were applied: the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, and the International Questionnaire of Physical Activity. Results One hundred and twenty-three subjects were evaluated, mean age 35 years, 66% female. A 74% rate of food insecurity was detected. About 57% of the participants presented overweight or obesity and 48% presented increased waist circumference. Conclusion Subjects presented high levels of Food Insecurity and immediate need of intervention for tobacco and alcohol abuse. There is a need for multidisciplinary interventions to prevent the situations found and the implementation of public policies addressing health promotion acts in the population of recyclers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Felipe Soares Salgado ◽  
Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira ◽  
Jorge Luiz Da Silva ◽  
Beatriz Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Marta Angélica Iossi Silva ◽  
...  

Introduction: Bullying is a type of violence between peers characterized by intentionality, repetition and imbalance of power between victims and aggressors. The occurrence of bullying in the school context impairs students' learning and healthy development. Objective: To analyze the educators' understanding of bullying in the school environment. Methods: Cross-sectional and qualitative study carried out with 16 educators (principals, deputy principals, pedagogical coordinators and teachers) from two public schools in a city in the interior of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews that followed a script produced from indications in the specialized literature were conducted. The content of the interviews was recorded and transcribed in full. The interpretation of the data followed the assumptions of content analysis, in its thematic modality, considering the following steps: pre-analysis, exploration of the material, treatment of results and interpretation. Results: Three thematic categories were identified: 1) The centrality of families in the problems of schools in relation to the conception of educators; 2) Beliefs that establish explanatory links for bullying; and 3) Intervention actions developed in relation to bullying. The results show that educators' beliefs hold families exclusively responsible for school problems and bullying. These conceptions stem from situations experienced in everyday life or from speeches of other education professionals who reiterate the absence of families and the little parental involvement in the issues of formal education of children as the major problem. Narratives of this nature denote the absence of an expanded understanding of bullying and its complexity. In addition to the family, the educators pointed out the influences of personality, the media and social standards as factors that can explain the involvement of students in bullying situations. For the participants, the most effective responses to minimize or respond adequately to school bullying require the participation of the family and some did not believe that the school could do something effective alone. In the data set, it was noticed that the educators' beliefs and understandings about the problem of bullying prevent measures aimed at school aspects, which are more proximal to the occurrence of bullying, from being implemented. Conclusion: It is concluded that the investigated educators need to expand their understanding of bullying, in order to develop effective actions to face this phenomenon in schools, which also include the participation of families.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 323-337
Author(s):  
I.V. Kramar ◽  
A. B. Nevinsky ◽  
K. O. Kaplunov

The aim of the study is to study the prevalence, determinants, and reasons for parents using oral medications to treat their children in Volgograd (Russia). Materials and methods. An instant simultaneous cross-sectional anonymous survey of 390 mothers of children aged 1 to 14 years was conducted during October-March 2018-2019 in the city of Volgograd (Russia). Criteria for inclusion in the study: mothers of children older than 1 year. Exclusion criteria: other legal representatives of children (fathers, grandmothers, guardians, etc.); women with one child under the age of 1 year; mothers of children with chronic diseases; persons with medical education. The data obtained were analyzed using the STATISTICA-10 software package. To build models of logistic regression, the Student t-test was evaluated for independent samples (to assess the differences between the obtained data) and the χ2 criterion for the assessment of categorical differences. Results: it was found that 71.0% of mothers used the practice of self-medication of children, while its frequency depended only on the level of family income (χ2 = 7.077, p = 0.030) and did not depend on the age of the respondents (χ2 = 0.211, p = 0.976), education (χ2 = 2.626, p = 0.270), the number of children in the family (χ2 = 2.819, p = 0.421). Most often, antipyretic drugs (93.8%), decongestants (72.9%), antiallergic drugs (49.5%), enterosorbents (44.4%), immunomodulators (26.7%), antibiotics (7.9%) were used for self-medication. Using the logistic regression model, it was shown that the main determinant of self-medication in children is delayed treatment of parents for medical help (OR = 0.27, p <0.001). Conclusion. The high frequency of self-medication dictates the need for further research to understand this phenomenon.


Author(s):  
Bruna Rafaele Vieira PEDROSA ◽  
Nathalia Seimi DEAMA ◽  
Paulo Sávio Angeiras GOÉS ◽  
Leonardo Vilar FILGUEIRAS

ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the relationship between gingival bleeding and risk factors (behavioral and psychosocial) in adolescents aged 14 to 19 years in the city of São Lourenço da Mata, Brazil. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 1154 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years randomly selected from public schools located in the city of São Lourenço da Mata in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Socio-demographic (sex, age and race), behavioral (oral hygiene, smoking, alcohol use and leisure activities) and psychosocial (self-esteem and self-perception) data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. The presence/absence of gingival bleeding was determined using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The data were submitted to descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine associations between risk factors and gingival bleeding, with the significance level set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results: The response rate was 80% of 1418 adolescents initially proposed to compose the sample and the prevalence of bleeding was 50.3%. No associations were found between gingival bleeding and socio-demographic, behavioral or self-esteem factors. Regarding self-perception, a significant association was found between positive attitudes of satisfaction with one’s physical appearance and gingival bleeding (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Gingival bleeding was found in most adolescents, but did not exert an influence on the satisfaction these individuals have regarding their physical appearance.


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