scholarly journals Polyethylene glycol damages grafted citrus plants based on biometric, physiological,and biochemical responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Augusto Girardi ◽  
Andréa Dias Brandão ◽  
Rubens Duarte Coelho ◽  
Hilton Thadeu Zarate do Couto ◽  
Marcos Silveira Buckeridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Drought tolerance is a major trait for the selection of citrus rootstocks in breeding programs. PEG 4000 solution at 110 g L-1 (osmotic potential of -376 kPa) was used to evaluate biometric, physiological, and biochemical responses of grafted citrus plants in pots. ‘Valencia’ sweet orange plants grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime (drought tolerant) rootstock showed greater plant growth compared to that on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (drought sensitive) rootstock, regardless of PEG-induced stress; however, biological responses to PEG were similar on both rootstocks. Plant dry weight, gas exchange, and leaf and root starch concentrations were reduced by PEG. Water potential at 2:00 p.m. and Fe and Mn leaf concentrations increased with severe phytotoxic symptoms. The results corroborate the limitation of PEG for assessing drought tolerance of citrus plants at the whole plant level.

scholarly journals The Effect of Calcium Chloride on Drought Tolerance of Mulberry

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Cha JinMyong ◽  
Ri CholUk ◽  
Kim Chol Min ◽  
Ri Huang Gi ◽  
Ri Do Hun Qin Bo
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Cacl2 Concentration ◽  
Silkworm Cocoon ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Drought stress greatly affects the quality and yield of mulberry leaves, which eventually influences the production of silkworm cocoon. In this study, the effect of calcium chloride on drought tolerance of mulberry was investigated. Different concentrations of CaCl2 solutions were sprayed on the leaves of mulberry under drought condition, and the physiological and biochemical responses were measured. As a result, the spray of CaCl2 on leaves (CaCl2-spray-on-leaves) was proved to have gradual increases in measure parameters as compared to CaCl2-untreated case under the same drought condition; furthermore, 20mM CaCl2-treated group showed a significant increase (P<0.05), which indicates the optimal CaCl2 concentration for improving the drought tolerance of mulberry. This study demonstrated that CaCl2-spray-on-leaves can be an effective measure to ameliorate the drought tolerance of mulberry in the severe-drought areas.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Fruit Crops: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Nimbolkar ◽  
Jyoti Bajeli ◽  
Arunima Tripathi ◽  
A. K. Chaube
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Ionic Components ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Salinity in soil and water is a critical factor that is causing hindrance in crop production under salt affected areas. Plant metabolic activities are apparently restricted due to accumulation of salt. The event of salt stress happens to be the reason of severe alteration in the sequence of plant growth and development which ultimately reduces the survivability of plants. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms of tolerance to various osmotic and ionic components of salinity stress are evaluated at the cellular, organ and whole plant level. The course of adaptation towards salinity stress could be of various types such as avoidance, exclusion, extrusion, ion compartmentalization etc. Appropriate understanding of mechanism involved in salt tolerance at different levels in plant tissues provide a new opportunity to integrate physiological and biochemical knowledge to improve the salinity tolerance of fruit crops, especially from the nutritional aspect. Such information not only helpful in escalating the productivity in salt affected areas, but also facilitate in bringing relatively more salt affected areas under cultivation.

Phytotoxicity of 2,4-D and 2,4-Dichlorophenol to Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Taylor ◽  
D. G. Shilling ◽  
K. H. Quesenberry ◽  
G. R. Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plant Level

Whole plant and tissue culture experiments were conducted to determine the difference in phytotoxicity of 2,4-D and its metabolite, 2,4-DCP, to red clover. At the whole plant level, the mean concentration of 2,4-DCP (10 mM) required to cause 50% growth inhibition (I50) of shoot dry weight was 24 times greater than for 2,4-D (0.42 mM). Using callus tissue, the I50value for 2,4-DCP (0.28 mM) was 22 times greater than for 2,4-D (0.013 mM) based on dry weights. The callus tissue was 36 and 32 times more sensitive to 2,4-DCP and 2,4-D than shoot tissue based on dry weights, respectively. These data indicate that 2,4-DCP was less phytotoxic than 2,4-D to red clover both in vitro and in vivo.

Carbon Production and Utilization in Cotton: Inferences From a Carbon Budget

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Constable ◽  
HM Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level

A carbon budget for cotton plants at the single leaf, node and whole plant level was constructed using data from four glasshouse experiments. Data were collected on leaf expansion and dry weight growth, net photosynthesis, dark respiration of leaves and stems and on responses of photosynthesis to light in tissues of different age. The potential export of carbon by leaves was calculated as daily net photosynthesis less requirements for growth and dark respiration. The carbon budget for the single leaf showed that the leaf's maximum requirement occurred 7-8 days after unfolding, at the same time as it became a net carbon exporter. Dark respiration used most carbon at days 12-15 but even then the amount was only about 10% of the carbon fixation by the leaf during the day. Potential carbon export reached a peak in 22-day-old leaves, approximating 1 mg C cm-2 day -1 on a sunny day. The main finding from the budget was that carbon production and its utilization by bolls is out of phase both at the node and whole plant level which necessitates considerable movement of carbon among nodes and into and out of storage. This finding was confirmed in a study using 14CO2 which, while supporting the general hypothesis that the plant's carbon is fed into a pool available to all organs, indicated that there are preferred links between node positions in vertical alignment.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress and Subsequent Rehydration in the Symbiotic Association Peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp.

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Furlan ◽  
Analía Llanes ◽  
Virginia Luna ◽  
Stella Castro
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Sp ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors that regulate plant growth and development and limit its production. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an agriculturally valuable plant with widespread distribution in the world serving as a subsistence food crop as well as a source of various food products. The aims of this work were to evaluate growth and nodulation as well as some physiological and biochemical stress indicators in response to drought stress and subsequent rehydration in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144. Drought stress affected peanut growth reducing shoot dry weight, nodule number, and dry weight as well as nitrogen content, but root dry weight increased reaching a major exploratory surface. Besides, this severe water stress induced hydrogen peroxide production associated with lipid and protein damage; however, the plant was able to increase soluble sugar and abscisic acid contents as avoidance strategies to cope with drought stress. These physiological and biochemical parameters were completely reversed upon rehydration, in a short period of time, in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. Thus, the results provided in this work constitute the initial steps of physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress and rehydration in this nodulated legume.

scholarly journals Perubahan karakter biokimia dan fisiologi tanaman kacang hijau pada berbagai kondisi cekaman kekeringan

Kultivasi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwanto Purwanto ◽  
Bambang Rudianto Wijonarko ◽  
Tarjoko Tarjoko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Screen House

Sari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji respons fisiologi dan biokimia tanaman kacang hijau terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Screen House Exfarm Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Purwokerto dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Oktober 2018. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan pola faktorial 3 x 3. Faktor pertama yang dicoba adalah tingkat kelengasan tanah, yakni kadar air kapasitas lapang sebagai kontrol, 75% kapasitas lapang, dan 50% kapasitas lapang. Faktor kedua adalah varietas unggul kacang hijau yang terdiri dari Varietas Vima 2, varietas Vima 3, dan Varietas Kutilang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan sampai 50 persen kapasitas lapang sudah menunjukkan penurunan pada karakter luas daun dan bobot kering tanaman, tetapi belum berpengaruh terhadap kadar prolin tanaman kacang hijau. Kata Kunci: Kacang hijau, cekaman kekeringan, varietas, biokimia, fisiologis Abstract. This study aims to examine the physiological and biochemical responses of mungbean plants to drought stress. The research was conducted at the Screen House Exfarm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, from March to October 2018. Experiment used Randomized Block Design with factorial treatment. The first factor was the level of soil moisture, consisted of level of 100% field capacity as control, 75% field capacity, and 50% field capacity. The second factor was the superior varieties of mungbeans, consisted of Vima 2, Vima 3, and Kutilang varieties. The results showed that drought stress up to 50 percent of field capacity had shown a decrease in the character of leaf area and dry weight of plants, but it had not affected the prolin content of mungbean plants. Keywords: Mungbean, drought stress, variety, biochemistry, physiology

scholarly journals Drought stress and its impact on plant mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Anjali Tiwari ◽  
Shailaja Punetha ◽  
Kapil Kesarvani
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Drought is one the most common adverse environmental problem is increasing as a result of increasing population of world and intensive use of natural resources. Drought stress has major constraints to agricultural productivity worldwide, particularly in warm, arid and semi-arid areas. It adversely affects plants Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical processes and prolonged drought stress limits plant growth and productivity. The effect of drought stress at a whole plant level results non-normal physiological process that impact one or a combination of biological and environmental factors. That is why this review paper is mainly focused on recent information about the influence of water stress on plants, as well as its mechanisms of adaptation. It is shown that plants have evolved physiological and biochemical adaptations to cope with water stress. Plant used molecular mechanism to increase tolerance against drought are discussed. The literature analysed in this review shows an understanding of how these systems are regulated and upgrade the effect of drought stress on plants mechanism. The provided information needed to improve plants tolerance against drought stress by using biotechnological tools.

scholarly journals Improved Drought Tolerance in Marigold by Manipulation of Root Growth with Buffered-phosphorus Nutrition

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Borch ◽  
Carter Miller ◽  
Kathleen M. Brown ◽  
Jonathan P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Nutrition ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the response to drought stress of marigold (Tagetes patula L. `Janie Tangerine') plants grown with reduced phosphorus. Plants were grown with convention al phosphorus fertilization (1 mm, control) or one of two levels of alumina-buffered phosphorus (Al-P), 21 or 5 μm. Plants supplied with 21 μm Al-P produced plants with equal total dry weight, more flowers and reduced leaf area compared to control plants. Whole-plant photosynthetic CO2 assimilation expressed on a leaf area basis was nearly twice as high in 21 μm Al-P plants as in controls, probably as a result of reduced intraplant shading. In plants supplied with 21 μm Al-P, smaller leaf area resulted in reduced whole-plant transpiration. Moreover, the relative water content of the growing medium was significantly lower at wilting with 21 μm Al-P than for control or 5 μm Al-P regimes. The improved water acquisition with 21 μm Al-P could be explained by increased root proliferation via longer main roots and less densely distributed lateral roots. The results indicate that optimizing phosphorus nutrition with solid-phase buffered-phosphorus fertilizer improves drought tolerance by reducing transpiration and increasing water acquisition from the medium.

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