scholarly journals Characterization of epidemiological surveillance systems for healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in the world and challenges for Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassimiro Nogueira Junior ◽  
Débora Silva de Mello ◽  
Maria Clara Padoveze ◽  
Icaro Boszczowski ◽  
Anna Sara Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
The World ◽  
Action Strategies ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
National Information ◽  
And Control

Surveillance systems for healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are essential for planning actions in prevention and control. Important models have been deployed in recent decades in different countries. This study aims to present the historical and operational characteristics of these systems and discuss the challenges for Brazil. Various models around the world have drawn on the experience of the United States, which pioneered this process. In Brazil, several initiatives have been launched, but the country still lacks a full national information system on HAI, thus indicating the need to promote action strategies, strengthen the role of States in communication between the Federal and local levels, pursue a national plan to organize surveillance teams with the necessary technological infrastructure, besides updating the relevant legislation for dealing with these challenges. Such measures are essential in the Brazilian context for the unified surveillance of HAI, aimed at healthcare safety and quality.

scholarly journals National Hand Hygiene Campaigns in Europe, 2000-2009

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Magiorakos ◽  
C Suetens ◽  
L Boyd ◽  
C Costa ◽  
R Cunney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Hand hygiene represents the single most effective way to prevent healthcare-associated infections. The World Health Organization, as part of its First Global Patient Safety Challenge, recommends implementation of multi-faceted strategies to increase compliance with hand hygiene. A questionnaire was sent by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to 30 European countries, regarding the availability and organisation of their national hand hygiene campaigns. All countries responded. Thirteen countries had organised at least one national campaign during the period 2000-2009 and three countries were in the process of organising a national campaign. Although the remaining countries did not have a national campaign, several reported regional and local hand hygiene activities or educational resources on national websites.

Healthcare-Associated Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: a Surveillance Study on Extra Hospital Stay and Direct Costs

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Giraldi ◽  
Marzietta Montesano ◽  
Christian Napoli ◽  
Paola Frati ◽  
Raffaele La Russa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: The increasing antimicrobial resistance poses a challenge to surveillance systems and raises concerns about the impact of multidrug-resistant organisms on patient safety. Objective: The study aimed to estimate extra hospital stay and economic burden of infections due to alert organisms - mostly multidrug-resistant - in a teaching hospital. Methods: The present retrospective matched cohort study was conducted based on the analysis of hospital admissions at Sant’Andrea Teaching Hospital in Rome from April to December 2015. Extra hospital stay was the difference in the length of stay between each case and control. All the patients developing an infection due to an alert organism were considered cases, all others were eligible as controls. The costs of LOS were evaluated by multiplying the extra stay with the hospital daily cost. Results: Overall, 122 patients developed an infection due to alert organisms and were all matched with controls. The attributable extra stay was of 2,291 days (mean 18.8; median 19.0) with a significantly increased hospitalization in intensive care units (21.2 days), bloodstream infections (52.5 days), and infections due to Gram-negative bacteria (mean 29.2 days; median 32.6 days). Applying the single day hospital cost, the overall additional expenditure was 11,549 euro per patient. The average additional cost of antibiotic drugs for the treatment of infections was about 1,200 euro per patient. Conclusion: The present study presents an accurate mapping of the clinical and economic impact of infections attributable to alert organisms demonstrating that infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms are associated with higher mortality, longer hospital stays, and increased costs. Article Highlights Box: The increasing antimicrobial resistance poses a challenge for surveillance systems and raises concerns about the impact of multidrug-resistant organisms on patient safety. • Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have historically been recognized as a significant public health problem requiring close surveillance. • Despite several and reliable findings have been achieved on clinical issues, our knowledge on the economic impact of healthcare-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms needs to be widened. • Estimating the cost of infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms in terms of extra hospital stay and economic burden is complex, and the financial impact varies across different health systems. • Evaluations of social and economic implications of hospital infections play an increasingly important role in the implementation of surveillance systems. • The costs of infection prevention and control programs and dedicated personnel are relatively low and self-sustainable when efficient.

ORGANIZATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OF INFECTIONS IN THE FIELD OF SURGICAL INTERVENTION

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
O.A. Orlova ◽  
V.G. Akimkin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Correct Calculation ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Surgical site infections (SSI) are the most common and most expensive of the Healthcare-associated Infections (HAI). The rate of SSI in the world is 11.2 per 100 patients. One of the significant and important factors leading to ineffectiveness of prevention of SSI is a weak system of epidemiological surveillance, including insufficient completeness of accounting and registration of Healthcare-associated Infections. To conduct a full epidemiological surveillance of SSI, the complex of measures is necessary, including: conducting a prospective study, efficient microbiological monitoring of SSI pathogens, correct calculation of morbidity taking into account risk factors, organizational-methodical support of epidemiological surveillance.

scholarly journals Faux Fur Trade Networks Using Macroscopic Data: A Social Network Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Yeong-Hyeon Choi ◽  
Seong Eun Kim ◽  
Kyu-Hye Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Network Approach ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Control

This study used social network analysis, which is often adopted to analyze changes in trade structures and the world trade network for faux fur products, which are alternative materials used in vegan fashion. The data on the total trade value of artificial fur (HS Code: 4304) and animal fur and leather (HS Code: 0505) imports and exports between countries were collected through UN Comtrade, and the degree and betweenness centralities were used to analyze the trade structure of faux fur in 2009, 2014, and 2019 using NodeXL 1.0.1 programs. The results of the study are as follows: First, while the total amount of export and import of faux fur is increasing globally every day, the total amount of export and import in other Asian countries and Vietnam is decreasing. Second, due to the reduction in exports of the main producing countries of animal materials such as China, global imports of animal fur and leather decreased. Third, China was the largest ex-porter of faux fur, exporting to a large number of countries; it also played an important role in the intermediation and control over faux fur export. In exporting faux fur, the influence of other Asian countries declined over time, and Vietnam and the United States played an outstanding role as arbitrators in the export network. Fourth, Italy and France were the largest importers of faux fur from various countries and exerted significant influence as intermediaries in the import network of faux fur. On the other hand, Vietnam’s influence in import network decreased. Saudi Arabia appeared to be an important arbitrator in mediating the import. This study is significant due to its findings, obtained through micro-trading data, in respect of industrial moves of ethical fashion in the form of increased trade in faux fur and decline in the trade of animal fur and leather.

Managing Our Microbial Mark

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 393-428
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Marciarille
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
West African ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Quality Reporting ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Healthcare Associated

The narrative of Ebola's arrival in the United States has been overwhelmed by our fear of a West African-style epidemic. The real story of Ebola's arrival is about our healthcare system's failure to identify, treat, and contain healthcare associated infections. Having long been willfully ignorant of the path of fatal infectious diseases through our healthcare facilities, this paper considers why our reimbursement and quality reporting systems made it easy for this to be so. West Africa's challenges in controlling Ebola resonate with our own struggles to standardize, centralize, and enforce infection control procedures in American healthcare facilities.

scholarly journals Healthcare-Associated Infections among Patients in a Large Burn Intensive Care Unit: Incidence and Pathogens, 2008–2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1304-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Weber ◽  
David van Duin ◽  
Lauren M. DiBiase ◽  
Charles Scott Hultman ◽  
Samuel W. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Burn injuries are a common source of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with an estimated 450,000 burn injuries requiring medical treatment, 40,000 requiring hospitalization, and 3,400 deaths from burns annually in the United States. Patients with severe burns are at high risk for local and systemic infections. Furthermore, burn patients are immunosuppressed, as thermal injury results in less phagocytic activity and lymphokine production by macrophages. In recent years, multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens have become major contributors to morbidity and mortality in burn patients.Since only limited data are available on the incidence of both device- and nondevice-associated healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in burn patients, we undertook this retrospective cohort analysis of patients admitted to our burn intensive care unit (ICU) from 2008 to 2012.

Role of active epidemiological surveillance in the detection of healthcare-associated infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 3_2019 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Yarovoy S.K. Yarovoy ◽  
Voskanian Sh.L. Voskanian ◽  
Tutelyan А.V. Tutelyan ◽  
Gladkova L.S. Gladkova L ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals Governmental surveillance system of healthcare-associated infection in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassimiro Nogueira Junior ◽  
Maria Clara Padoveze ◽  
Rúbia Aparecida Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Governmental Surveillance ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control


Objective: This study aimed to describe the structure of governmental surveillance systems for Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) in the Brazilian Southeastern and Southern States. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study, with data collection by means of two-phases: characterization of the healthcare structure and of the HAI surveillance system. Results: The governmental teams for prevention and control of HAI in each State ranged from one to six members, having at least one nurse. All States implemented their own surveillance system. The information systems were classified into chain (n=2), circle (n=4) or wheel (n=1). Conclusion: Were identified differences in the structure and information flow from governmental surveillance systems, possibly limiting a nationwide standardization. The present study points to the need for establishing minimum requirements in public policies, in order to guide the development of HAI surveillance systems.


scholarly journals A HYPOTHETICAL DESIGN TO INHIBIT COVID 19 DISEASE DISASTER BY DIAGRAMMATIC MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
Deepanwita Deka ◽  
◽  
Avra Pratim Chowdhury ◽  
Arabinda Ghosh ◽  
Moni P Bhuyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Disease Clusters ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Hazards ◽  
And Control ◽  
Present World ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
High Range

SARS-CoV-2 is a new entity in the globe studied vigorously in the present world. The estimated populations are around 47 million people who are affected by the virus and around 300,000 (16th May 2020) deaths resulted from the outbreak. The rate might keep on increasing due to the non-availability of a proper vaccine, following proper management with epidemiological studies, and displacement of contact individuals as a source of transmission in particular viral-prone regions. CoVID 19 is on its vigorous spread leading to a global impact on lots of sectors. The outreaching impacts play a role in international politics, scientific developments, and economic crises over the world, and global relations among the countries. This model attempts to determine the possible impacts and outcomes of the Pandemic over the international level and some possible ways to handle it effectively. An unpredictable catastrophe in the present scenario of the world is following a high range of public health hazards. Analytical plotted data assembles for imposing in multidisciplinary segments to cure and control morbidity, a mortality rate of disease clusters, and hotspots zone. The contagious outbreak was reprogrammed as a pandemic from Wuhan in China through the transmissible chain of human contacts. Currently, the infective chain is spreading day by day with high morbidity in the United States, Europe, Scandinavian countries, and India. The transmissible chain of the virus needs to break until any effective medicine or vaccine is launched.

scholarly journals Use of Digital Technology to Enhance Tuberculosis Control: Scoping Review

10.2196/15727 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. e15727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yejin Lee ◽  
Mario C Raviglione ◽  
Antoine Flahault
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Services ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, with around 1.5 million deaths reported in 2018, and is a major contributor to suffering worldwide, with an estimated 10 million new cases every year. In the context of the World Health Organization’s End TB strategy and the quest for digital innovations, there is a need to understand what is happening around the world regarding research into the use of digital technology for better TB care and control. Objective The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the state of research on the use of digital technology to enhance TB care and control. This study provides an overview of publications covering this subject and answers 3 main questions: (1) to what extent has the issue been addressed in the scientific literature between January 2016 and March 2019, (2) which countries have been investing in research in this field, and (3) what digital technologies were used? Methods A Web-based search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science. Studies that describe the use of digital technology with specific reference to keywords such as TB, digital health, eHealth, and mHealth were included. Data from selected studies were synthesized into 4 functions using narrative and graphical methods. Such digital health interventions were categorized based on 2 classifications, one by function and the other by targeted user. Results A total of 145 relevant studies were identified out of the 1005 published between January 2016 and March 2019. Overall, 72.4% (105/145) of the research focused on patient care and 20.7% (30/145) on surveillance and monitoring. Other programmatic functions 4.8% (7/145) and electronic learning 2.1% (3/145) were less frequently studied. Most digital health technologies used for patient care included primarily diagnostic 59.4% (63/106) and treatment adherence tools 40.6% (43/106). On the basis of the second type of classification, 107 studies targeted health care providers (107/145, 73.8%), 20 studies targeted clients (20/145, 13.8%), 17 dealt with data services (17/145, 11.7%), and 1 study was on the health system or resource management. The first authors’ affiliations were mainly from 3 countries: the United States (30/145 studies, 20.7%), China (20/145 studies, 13.8%), and India (17/145 studies, 11.7%). The researchers from the United States conducted their research both domestically and abroad, whereas researchers from China and India conducted all studies domestically. Conclusions The majority of research conducted between January 2016 and March 2019 on digital interventions for TB focused on diagnostic tools and treatment adherence technologies, such as video-observed therapy and SMS. Only a few studies addressed interventions for data services and health system or resource management.

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