ARE OBESITY AND ADENOMA DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED AS COLORECTAL CANCER PRECURSORS?

ABSTRACT Background: One of the most important concerns on health is the increased rates of obesity in population and the speed in which this number is increasing. This number translates a serious public health problem, since it also increases the risk of several other diseases associated with obesity resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Among them, it seems to be connected to several neoplasms, such as colorectal carcinoma. Aim: To evaluate the impact of obesity as a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma through the detection of adenoma, and to discuss the mechanisms that could establish a link between obesity and neoplasm. Methods: Patients who underwent colonoscopy were included. Personal and anthropometric data, clinical history, and results of the tests were analyzed in order to verify the correlation of BMI and the presence of adenomatous polyps. Results: A total of 142 patients were studied, which a mean age of 62 years. Of the patients, 74 (52.1%) were men and 68 (47.9%) were. Obesity was identified in 16.2% of the patients. Polyps were found in 61 (42.9%), mostly smaller than 1 cm. Obese individuals were 1.56 times more likely to present colorectal adenoma than patients with normal weight. Conclusion: This study, although showing the greater presence of colorectal adenomas in obese individuals, did not show a significant difference in the occurrence of pre-malignant lesions.

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Preliminary Evidence of Children’s Weight Gain From 5 Months of Home Quarantine During the COVID-19 Pandemic

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine ◽

10.1177/15598276211006657 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155982762110066

Author(s):

Keith Brazendale ◽

Jeanette Garcia ◽

Ethan T. Hunt ◽

Michael Blankenship ◽

Daniel Eisenstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Status ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Weight Data ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

Purpose. Preventive measures to curtail the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—such as home quarantine, closure of schools/programs—are necessary, yet the impact of these restrictions on children’s weight status is unknown. The purpose of this case report was to investigate changes in children’s body mass index (BMI) and zBMI during COVID-19 quarantine. Methods. Children had their heights and weights recorded early March 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and 5 months later (early August 2020). Paired sample t tests examined changes in BMI and zBMI from baseline to follow-up. Results. Twenty-nine children (62% female; mean age 9.3 years; 27.5% with overweight or obesity) provided height and weight data at both time points. There was a significant difference in pre-COVID-19 BMI (mean [M] = 20.1, standard deviation [SD] = 6.0) and follow-up BMI (M = 20.7, SD = 6.4); t(57) = −3.8, P < .001, and pre-COVID-19 zBMI (M = 0.8, SD = 0.9) and follow-up zBMI (M = 0.9, SD = 0.9); t(57) = -3.1, P = .003. Five of the 29 children moved from normal weight to overweight (n = 4) or obese (n = 1) during 5 months of quarantine. Conclusions. Preliminary evidence shows most children increased their BMI and zBMI values from pre-COVID-19 assessment to the follow-up assessment, 5 months later. These initial findings identify potential incidental negative health consequences of children as a result of COVID-19 preventative measures such as home quarantine.

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How is Satiety Affected When Consuming Food While Working on A Computer?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071545 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1545 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lily Ding ◽

Nazimah Hamid ◽

Daniel Shepherd ◽

Kevin Kantono

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Restrained Eating ◽

Computer Work ◽

Meal Intake ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

More people working at offices are choosing to eat meals at their desks, making “desktop dining” an increasingly common phenomenon. Previous studies have reported that environmental distractors, such as television viewing, can influence meal intake and subsequent snack intake. However, the impact of stressful mental tasks on eating behavior has received relatively less attention, focusing only on subsequent meal intake or concurrent snack intake. This study sets out to determine whether eating while working influenced current meal energy intake. This research also examined the relationship between dietary restraint status and energy intake. A crossover experimental design was employed requiring participants (14 males and 29 females) to eat pizza quietly and at rest (control), and while working on a computer (work). Measurements included BMI, energy intake, state anxiety, restrained eating behavior, stress levels (pre- and post-eating), and appetite (before and after both work and control sessions). The findings showed that consuming food while working on a computer significantly increased stress but had no influence on energy intake compared to the control condition. However, post-eating hunger levels were significantly higher in the work condition compared to the control condition. As expected, satiety levels decreased significantly from pre- to post-eating for both work and control conditions. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between restrained eating behavior and energy intake in both work and control conditions. These results suggest that eating while working affected satiety of normal weight participants, as indicated by the significant difference in post-meal satiety levels between work and control conditions.

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Outcomes of Flank-Free Modified Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Based on BMI

Urologia Internationalis ◽

10.1159/000511292 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Esam Desoky ◽

Khaled M. Abd Elwahab ◽

Islam M. El-Babouly ◽

Mohammed M. Seleem

Keyword(s):

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽

Supine Position ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Morbid Obese ◽

Group B ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Nonobese Patients ◽

The Impact

Objective: To evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the flank-free modified supine position. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the urology department during the period from May 2015 to October 2019 on 464 patients admitted for PCNL. The patients were divided into 4 matched groups according to their BMI: group A, normal weight with 18.5 ≤ BMI <25 kg/m2; group B, overweight with 25 ≤ BMI <30 kg/m2; group C, obese with 30 ≤ BMI <40 kg/m2; and group D, morbid obesity with BMI ≥40 kg/m2. All operative data as well as postoperative outcomes are recorded and compared to each other. Results: The 4 studied groups were matched regarding age. The comorbidities were slightly higher in groups C and D. The operative time and fluoroscopy time were slightly high in obese and morbid obese groups but with no significant difference. The rate of complications either major or minor was comparable in all groups. No significant difference was seen among all groups regarding hemoglobin loss, stone-free rate, hospital stay, and need for auxiliary procedures. Conclusions: The outcome of PCNL in flank-free modified supine position is not affected by changes in BMI. The procedure can be performed in obese and morbid obese patients safely with results similar to and comparable to nonobese patients.

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Impact of obesity in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.346 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽

pp. 346-346

Author(s):

Amanda Leiter ◽

John Doucette ◽

Susanne Krege ◽

Chia-Chi Lin ◽

Noah M. Hahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Survival Outcomes ◽

Similar Response ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Metastatic Urothelial Cancer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

346 Background: Obesity has been associated with worse outcomes in patients with clinically localized urothelial cancer. However, the impact of obesity on outcomes of patients with metastatic disease has not previously been evaluated. Methods: Data from 537 patients were aggregated from eight phase II and phase III clinical trials investigating first-line cisplatin-based combination therapy in metastatic urothelial cancer. Chemotherapy regimen, adverse events, treatment response, and survival outcomes were compared across body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) categories. Results: BMI was classified according to WHO criteria (<18.5 underweight (4.1 % of patients), 18.5-24.99 normal weight (42.8%), 25-29.99 overweight (41.0%), >30 obese (12.1%)). BSA was classified as either below (56.8% of patients) or greater than or equal to (43.2%) the European average (1.91 m2 for males and 1.71 m2 for females). There was no significant difference in number of chemotherapy cycles across BMI and BSA categories. Patients’ treatment regimens significantly differed across BMI (p=0.02) and BSA (p<0.01) categories, with patients with higher BMI category and average or above BSA more likely to receive gemcitabine-cisplatin-based therapy rather than MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin)-based or other therapy regimens. There was no significant difference in adverse events across BMI categories, but the incidence of embolic events was significantly higher in patients with an average or higher BSA (6.6%) than those with a lower than average BSA (2.7%) (p=0.03). There was no significant difference in response rate or survival outcomes (overall and progression-free) amongst BMI and BSA categories. Conclusions: Obese patients with metastatic urothelial cancer on cisplatin-based therapies have similar response rates and survival outcomes to non-obese patients. Toleration of cisplatin-based therapy is similar across BMI and BSA categories, with the exception of a higher incidence of embolic events in patients with an above average BSA.

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Impact of obesity upon the survival of cholangiocarcinoma patients.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 288-288

Author(s):

Phani Keerthi Surapaneni ◽

Zhuo Li ◽

Lalitha Padmanabha Vemireddy ◽

Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi ◽

Jason Scott Starr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Tumor Location ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Overall Survival Rate ◽

Exact Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

288 Background: Obesity is a risk factor for developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, the effect of obesity on survival of CCA is unclear. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the impact of obesity upon overall survival of CCA patients. Secondary aims were to analyze impact of obesity upon other disease characteristics such as tumor site, stage, age, sex, BMI and Ca 19-9. Methods: A total of 411 unique pts diagnosed with CCA at Mayo Clinic Florida between 2000 and 2018 were retrieved from our collective SDMS database. Variables evaluated included:demographics, Body Mass Index (BMI), AJCC stage, tumor location and Ca 19-9.A total of 185 pts had all data available pertaining to these variables. We further restricted the analysis to pts with intrahepatic CCA classified BMI as per CDC criteria normal (18.5-25kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2), thus leaving a total of 152 pts. Continuous and categorical variables were compared across BMI groups using Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test. Overall survival rates after diagnosis at 1, 2 and 3 years were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Among 152 pts included in the study, 28% were normal weight, 40% were overweight and 32% were obese. The overall survival rate at 1, 2 and 3 years for normal weight pts with all stages combined was 54.1%, 35%, and 30.7%, respectively. The overall survival rate at 1, 2 and 3 years for overweight pts with all stages combined was 59.7 %, 32.6%, and 25.4%, respectively. The overall survival rate at 1, 2 and 3 years for obese pts with all stages combined was 63.9%, 37.6%, and 26.7%, respectively(p = 0.8766). Multivariate analysis demonstrated is no significant difference in overall survival for obese pts compared to normal or overweight pts.(Table to be shown) However it showed, gender and Ca19-9 were statistically significant predictors of overall survival, with males and pts with Ca19-9≥100 doing worse (HR1.65 (CI = 1.05, 2.61, p = 0.031) and HR 2.31 (CI = 1.49, 3.59, p = < 0.01), respectively). Conclusions: BMI did not make a significant impact on the overall survival, though there may be a trend toward worse OS for ptswith higher BMI. A larger, stage focused evaluation is warranted for further exploration of this trend.

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The impact of using BASNEF model on self-control behaviors among Patients with hypertension

Internal Medicine And Medical Investigation Journal ◽

10.24200/imminv.v3i3.127 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Moradali Zareipour ◽

Mousa Ghelichi Ghojogh ◽

Masoumeh Mahdi-akhgar ◽

Sarvin Abbasi ◽

Nooshin Yoshany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Self Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Background: High blood pressure is the most important public health problem in developed countries. It is one reason for early mortality and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases like stroke and kidney failure. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on BASNEF in blood pressure control in 1395.Methods and Materials: This study was a quasi-experimental study on 160 patients in two groups (each n = 80) suffering from hypertension in urban health centers of Urmia. Data collection questionnaire included: demographic questions, knowledge base questions, self-control behaviors questions and structures of BASNEF model. Validity and reliability were respectively 80% and 79%. Intervention group had taken three 45 minutes sessions using speeches, questions and answers, posters, booklets, pamphlets and whiteboard. Before training, information collected through questionnaires and after training questionnaires were completed again after 3 months. The data were analyzed in SPSS software with chi-square tests, Fisher, independent and paired sample t-test.Results: The average age of case and control group were 99.11 ± 01.56 and 75.12 ± 66.53 years. That there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.1). After intervention average systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in the intervention group from 43.157 to 24.147 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased from 21.93 to 52.87 mm Hg (P <0.05)Conclusion: The training program using BASNEF model has provided better results in controlling blood pressure than conventional trainings.

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Comparison of chemotherapy dose intensity for AYAs on COG AALL1131 versus CALGB 10403.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.10520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 10520-10520

Author(s):

Jennifer Lynn McNeer ◽

Lingyun Ji ◽

Xinxin Xu ◽

Michael Burke ◽

Wanda Salzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Prospective Trial ◽

Dose Intensity ◽

Sensory Neuropathy ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Grade 3 ◽

The Impact ◽

To Receive

10520 Background: Outcomes for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are superior with pediatric-inspired therapy. CALGB 10403, the first US adult cooperative group prospective trial using a pediatric-inspired augmented BFM (ABFM)-based regimen, demonstrated feasibility and improved survival. We examined differences in drug delivery and targeted toxicities in AYAs who received the same therapy on C10403 vs the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) study AALL1131. Methods: The proportion of AYAs receiving full dose (within 10% of protocol- specified) vincristine (VCR) and pegaspargase (PEG) during induction (IND), consolidation (CON), and delayed intensification (DI); the likelihood of selected grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs); and the impact of patient characteristics were compared in AYAs 16-30 years. Targeted AEs with analogous reporting requirements in both studies included hyperbilirubinemia, pancreatitis, sensory neuropathy, and GI/intracranial hemorrhage. Thrombosis, transaminitis and hyperglycemia were not comparably captured. Fisher’s Exact test and logistic regression models were used for analyses. Results: After excluding AYAs removed from study after induction, 87 AALL1131 AYAs (accrued 2012-2016) and 188 C10403 AYAs (accrued 2007-2012) were analyzed with median ages of 17 (16-26) vs 22 (17-30) years, p < 0.001. There was no difference in the intensity of VCR delivery during IND, but in CON and DI, AALL1131 AYAs were more likely to receive all specified VCR (93.1% vs 81.9%, p = 0.02; 92.7% vs 72.1%, p = 0.01). Women were less likely to receive all specified VCR (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.94, p = 0.03), and overweight/obese AYAs were somewhat less likely to receive all VCR compared to those considered normal weight (OR 0.88 and 0.59, p = 0.09). More C10403 AYAs were obese/overweight compared to AALL1131 AYAs (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in dosing of PEG during IND/CON, but in DI AALL1131 AYAs were more likely to receive both doses (75.6% vs 57.1%, p = 0.03). No patient variables impacted delivery of PEG. There was no significant difference in grade ≥3 toxicities captured similarly on both studies. Conclusions: AYAs enrolled on AALL1131 were more likely to receive all protocol-specified VCR and PEG compared to those on C10403. Selected AE rates were comparable, suggesting that older AYAs do not tolerate doses of VCR and PEG for reasons other than toxicity, with body habitus as one potential variable. Further analyses to compare dose density, toxicities, and outcomes experienced by younger AYAs versus older are ongoing.

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Early impact of fixed orthodontic therapy on gingival health status in relation to weight status

Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry ◽

10.26477/jbcd.v30i4.2731 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Zaid A Alasadi ◽

Alhan A Qasim

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Weight Status ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Orthodontic Therapy ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Background: fixed orthodontic appliances deleterious influence on gingival health is well documented. Association between weight status and gingival health is presented in many studies. This study aimed to evaluate how early the impact of fixed orthodontic therapy on patients` gingival health, and if there are differences of that impact among different weight status groups. Materials and Methods: Sample consisted of 54 patients (25 males, 29 females; age limits are 16 -18 years) going under the course of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance. Patients were categorized according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) into 3 weight status groups considering WHO charts in 2007 (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese), then determination of each patient`s gingival health status was through the criteria of the gingival index (GI) by Loe and Silness in 1963 which modified by Loe in 1967. Records of gingival index for all patients who met specific criteria were taken in three time points [before bonding (1st visit), 2 weeks after bonding (2nd visit), and 4 weeks after bonding (3rd visit)]. Also BMI of the patients were checked at each of the three visits. Results: There was a significant increase in gingival index for all BMI weight status groups after just two weeks of treatment, and the increase continues during the 3rd visit, with no significant difference in impact among weight status groups. Conclusions: oral health preventive measures should be applied rapidly and equally to all patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, without taking their BMI weight status in consideration.

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Serology reflects a decline in the prevalence of trachoma in two regions of The Gambia

10.1101/149237 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie J Migchelsen ◽

Nuno Sepúlveda ◽

Diana L Martin ◽

Gretchen Cooley ◽

Sarah Gwyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Gambia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

River Region ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ct Antigens ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTTrachoma is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). It is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem. In 2014, a population-based cross-sectional study was performed in two previously trachoma-endemic areas of The Gambia. Participants of all ages from Lower River Region (LRR) (N = 1028) and Upper River Region (URR) (N = 840) underwent examination for trachoma and had blood collected for detection of antibodies against the Ct antigen Pgp3, by ELISA. Overall, 30 (1.6%) individuals had active trachoma; the prevalence in children aged 1–9 years was 3.4% (25/742) with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between the regions. There was a significant difference in overall seroprevalence by region: 26.2% in LRR and 17.1% in URR (p<0.0001). In children 1-9 years old, seroprevalence was 4.4% in LRR and 3.9% in URR. Reversible catalytic models using information on age-specific seroprevalence demonstrated a decrease in the transmission of Ct infection in both regions, possibly reflecting the impact of improved access to water, health and sanitation as well as mass drug administration campaigns. Serological testing for antibodies to Ct antigens is potentially useful for trachoma programmes, but consideration should be given to the coendemicity of sexually transmitted Ct infections.

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The impact of ivermectin on onchocerciasis in villages co-endemic for lymphatic filariasis in an area of onchocerciasis recrudescence in Burkina Faso

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. e0009117

Author(s):

Achille S. Nikièma ◽

Lassane Koala ◽

Apoline K. Sondo ◽

Rory J. Post ◽

Alain B. Paré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Lymphatic Filariasis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Control Programme ◽

French Language ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Percentage Reduction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Proxy Measure ◽

The Impact

In Burkina Faso, onchocerciasis was no longer a public health problem when the WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa closed at the end in 2002. However, epidemiological surveillance carried out from November 2010 to February of 2011, showed a recrudescence of infection in the Cascades Region. This finding was made at a time when ivermectin, a drug recommended for the treatment of both onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, had been distributed in this area since 2004 for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis. It was surprising that ivermectin distributed for treating lymphatic filariasis had not prevented the recrudescence of onchocerciasis. Faced with this situation, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin on the onchocerciasis parasite. The percentage reduction in microfilarial load after treatment with ivermectin was used as a proxy measure for assessing possible resistance. A cohort study was carried out with 130 individuals who had tested positive for microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in 2010 using microscopic examination of skin-snip biopsies from five endemic villages. Subjects were followed from July 2011 to June 2012. The microfilarial load of each individual was enumerated by skin-snip biopsy in 2010, prior to the first ivermectin treatment against onchocerciasis under community guidelines. All individuals received two ivermectin treatments six months apart. In 2012, the microfilarial loads were determined again, six months after the second round of ivermectin and the reductions in parasite loads were calculated to measure the impact of the drug. The percentage reduction of the microfilarial loads ranged from 87% to 98% in the villages. In all villages, there was a statistically significant difference between the average microfilarial loads in 2010 and 2012. The level of reduction of microfilarial loads suggests that ivermectin is effective against the recrudescent population of O. volvulus in Cascades Region of Burkina Faso. Further investigations would be necessary to determine the causes of the recrudescence of onchocerciasis. (For French language abstract, see S1 Alternative Language Abstract—Translation of the Abstract into French by the authors.)

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