Is the Er:YAG laser affect the surface characteristics and bond strength of Y-TZP?

Abstract This study evaluated the surface characteristics and bond strength of Y-TZP treated with Er:YAG laser at different focal distances. 120 Y-TZP blocks were divided into five groups (n=24), according to the surface treatment: no treatment (C-); sandblasting with silica-coated aluminum oxide particles (C+); and Er:YAG laser application at focal distances of 1mm (Er:YAG-1), 4mm (Er:YAG-4), and 7mm (Er:YAG-7). Surface characteristics were analyzed using Vickers microhardness, confocal laser microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). For the bond strength test, 100 Y-TZP blocks were subdivided into two subgroups (n=10), according to the resin cement used: with (MDP+) or without 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP-). The Vickers microhardness and surface roughness were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and bond strength by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for both (α=0.05). Vickers microhardness differences were not observed between the groups (p>0.05); C+ showed higher surface roughness values. SEM images showed micromorphological differences between the groups. The XRD data detected tetragonal crystals for C- and, for the other groups, tetragonal and monoclinic peaks. For bond strength, no statistically difference significance were observed among the cements with or without MDP (p>0.05) but showed significant difference between the surface treatments (C+ > C- = Er:YAG1 > Er:YAG4 = Er:YAG7) (p<0.05). Suggested that the Er:YAG laser cannot replace conventional treatment with aluminum oxide particles and the presence of MDP in the resin cement had no influence on the bond strength.

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Effects of the combination of Er:YAG laser and sandblasting on the shear bond strength between zirconia and resin cement

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8656586 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. e191449

Author(s):

Urias Silva Vasconcelos ◽

Thalisson Saymo de Oliveira Silva ◽

Daylana Pacheco da Silva ◽

Graciela Maria Oliveira Sipaúba ◽

Valdimar da Silva Valente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Er:Yag Laser ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Zirconia Ceramic ◽

Control Group ◽

Luting Cement

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the bond strength between zirconia ceramic and resin luting cement according to the type of surface treatment applied. Methods: Sixty zirconia cylinders measuring 4 x 4 mm were manufactured and distributed into five experimental groups and a control group (n = 10): G1 - sandblasting with 110 μm aluminum oxide; G2 - sandblasting with 30 μm Rocatec Soft®; G3 - Er:YAG laser irradiation at 400 mJ; G4 - Er:YAG laser combined with sandblasting with aluminum oxide; G5 - Er:YAG laser combined with sandblasting with Rocatec Soft®; G6 - no treatment (Control). The zirconia cylinders were bonded in the center of composite resin cylinders (6 mm diameter) using RelyX Ultimate® cement. Shear strength was measured after thermocycling (6000 cycles and 5-55° C). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc with a 5% significance level. Results: Group 4 had a significantly higher shear strength than all the other groups, except Group 1. Group 3 had a significantly lower shear strength compared with Groups 1 and 4. Conclusion: Sandblasting with 110μm aluminum oxide particles after laser irradiation may be an effective zirconia surface treatment. The use of Er: YAG laser alone is not effective at increasing the bond between resin cement and zirconia.

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Evaluation of the Microshear Bond Strength of MDP-containing and Non–MDP-containing Self-adhesive Resin Cement on Zirconia Restoration

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/18-132-l ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 379-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

EJ Go ◽

Y Shin ◽

JW Park

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Resin Cements ◽

Adhesive Resin ◽

Exact Test ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Microshear Bond Strength

SUMMARY Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of four different self-adhesive resin cements with/without 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing primer to zirconium ceramics and to evaluate the effect of zirconia primers on these self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs). Methods and Materials: Zirconia blocks (20 × 20 × 8 mm3) were prepared and divided into eight groups (n=20). They were sandblasted (50 μm Al2O3) and treated as follows: no primer or primer (Z-Primer Plus). Four self-adhesive resin cements (MDP-containing: Permacem 2.0 [PC], Clearfil SA luting [CS]; non–MDP-containing: Rely-X U200 [RU], Maxcem Elite [ME]) were bonded to the zirconia surface. After thermocycling, a μSBS test was performed. The failure mode was analyzed using light microscopy. Statistical analysis of μSBS was performed using one-way analysis of variance and two-sample t-test with post hoc Tukey test. The loss rate was evaluated using the Fisher's exact test and χ2 test with post hoc Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: Within the no primer groups, the PC and CS groups showed higher bond strength than the RU and ME groups. Comparing the μSBS of the no primer and primer groups in the same SARCs, the RU/P group was higher than the RU group, and the ME/P group was higher than the ME group. No significant difference was observed between the PC and PC/P groups and between the CS and CS/P groups. Conclusions: Non–MDP-containing SARC showed the increased bonding value with MDP-containing primer to zirconia ceramics. The bond strength of MDP-containing SARCs was not affected significantly by the use of zirconia primer.

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Bonding Polycrystalline Zirconia With 10-MDP–containing Adhesives

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/16-156-l ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 335-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

AE Llerena-Icochea ◽

RM Costa ◽

AFS Borges ◽

JFS Bombonatti ◽

AY Furuse

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Tetragonal Zirconia ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Single Bond ◽

Glycol Dimethacrylate ◽

Significant Difference

SUMMARY Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of adhesives with different 10-MDP concentrations on the shear bond strength of a resin cement to zirconia. Methods and Materials: Six experimental adhesives were prepared with the following composition: camphorquinone, 1,2-diaminobenzene, butylhydroxytoluene, diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, bisphenol A diglycidyl methacrylate, and ethanol. The 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) monomer was added at 0wt%, 3wt%, 6wt%, 9wt%, 12wt%, or 15wt%. Three commercially available adhesives were evaluated: Single Bond Universal, Single Bond 2, and Signum Zirconia Bond. Resin cement cylinders made with RelyX Ultimate were bonded to yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal with one of the evaluated adhesives and were subjected to the shear bond strength evaluation. Failure modes were analyzed with a stereoscopic loupe. Statistical analyses were performed with one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test (α=0.05). Pearson's was used to correlate the percentage of 10-MDP in the experimental adhesives and shear bond strength. Results: There were significant differences between adhesives (p<0.00001). The highest shear bond strength values were obtained with the Signum Zirconia Bond and Single Bond Universal. Single Bond 2 showed the lowest values. There were no differences between experimental adhesives. All groups showed adhesives failures. A nonlinear correlation was found between bond strength and percentage of 10-MDP in experimental adhesives (r=0.872). Conclusions: The commercially available adhesives indicated for bonding to zirconia showed the highest bonding values.

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Shear Bond Strength of Porcelain Veneers Rebonded to Enamel

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/14-123-l ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. E112-E121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

HA St Germain ◽

TH St Germain

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mode Of Failure ◽

Group A

SUMMARY In this laboratory research, shear bond strength (SBS) and mode of failure of veneers rebonded to enamel in shear compression were determined. Three groups (A, B, and C; n=10 each) of mounted molar teeth were finished flat using wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper, and 30 leucite-reinforced porcelain veneers (5.0 × 0.75 mm) were air abraded on the internal surface with 50 μm aluminum oxide, etched with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid, and silanated. The control group (A) veneer specimens were bonded to enamel after etching with 37% phosphoric acid using bonding resin and a dual cure resin composite cement. Groups B and C were prepared similarly to group A with the exception that a release agent was placed before the veneer was positioned on the prepared enamel surface and the resin cement was subsequently light activated. The debonded veneers from groups B and C were placed in a casting burnout oven and heated to 454°C/850°F for 10 minutes to completely carbonize the resin cement and stay below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the leucite-reinforced porcelain. The recovered veneers were then prepared for bonding. The previously bonded enamel surfaces in group B were air abraded using 50 μm aluminum oxide followed by 37% phosphoric acid etching, while group C enamel specimens were acid etched only. All specimens were thermocycled between 5°C and 55°C for 2000 cycles using a 30-second dwell time and stored in 37°C deionized water for 2 weeks. SBS was determined at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. SBS results in MPa for the groups were (A) = 20.6±5.1, (B) = 18.1±5.5, and (C) = 17.2±6.1. One-way analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant interactions (α=0.05), and Tukey-Kramer post hoc comparisons (α=0.05) detected no significant pairwise differences. An adhesive mode of failure at the enamel interface was observed to occur more often in the experimental groups (B = 40%, C = 50%). Rebonding the veneers produced SBS values that were not significantly different from the control group. Also, no significant difference in SBS values were observed whether the debonded enamel surface was air abraded and acid etched or acid etched only.

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Effect of Glass Fiber Post Surface Treatment on Bond Strength of a Self-Adhesive Resin Cement: An “In Vitro” Study

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/8856657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Lairds Rodrigues dos Santos ◽

Darlon Martins Lima ◽

Edilausson Moreno Carvalho ◽

Vandilson Pinheiro Rodrigues ◽

Claudia Maria Coelho Alves

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Adhesive Failure ◽

Adhesive Resin ◽

Oxide Particles ◽

Adhesive Resin Cement

Objective. This study evaluated the influence of different mechanical and chemical surface treatments alone and combined with silane on the bond strength (BS) of glass fiber posts (GFPs) using self-adhesive resin cement. Methods. Eighty-four single-rooted bovine teeth (six groups, n = 14) were submitted to BS analysis after GFP cementation. The treatments applied in the studied groups were no surface treatment (control), silane (S), 24% hydrogen peroxide (PER), 24% hydrogen peroxide and silane (PER + SIL), blasting with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles (BLAST), and blasting with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles and silane (BLAST + SIL). Results. BS differed significantly among groups ( p < 0.001). It was higher in the SIL (10.5 ± 3.5 MPa), BLAST + SIL (11.5 ± 3.2 MPa), and PER + SIL (11.6 ± 4.6 MPa) groups than in the control (6.5 ± 2.9 MPa), BLAST (8.6 ± 4.0 MPa), and PER (7.1 ± 2.8 MPa) groups, with no significant difference among groups receiving silanization. Cement post adhesive failure was more common in the SIL, BLAST, and PER + SIL groups, and cement-dentin adhesive failure was more common in the control, BLAST + SIL, and PER groups. Conclusion. These results show that silane application alone increases BS.

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Dental Resin-Zirconia Bonding Promotion Using High-Silica PVD Coating with High Ionization Sputtering Processing

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9030182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Mohamed Abdalla ◽

Christie Lung ◽

James Tsoi ◽

Jukka Matinlinna

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Phase Transformation ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Physical Vapor Deposition ◽

Silica Coating ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Pvd Coating ◽

High Ionization ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Silica

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of high-silica coating deposited by high-silica physical vapor deposition (PVD) as a chemical bonding method on resin-zirconia bond strength under different aging conditions. Methods: Twelve Y-TZP blocks were used as the substrates. Four resin cement stubs were bonded on each Y-TZP block, with a total number of 48 resin cement stubs. Two test groups (n = 24) were evaluated: conventional Tribochemical silica-coating (TSC) and high-silica PVD with high ionization sputtering processing. Experimental silane primer (MPS) was brushed over the surface treated Y-TZP blocks, then a polyethylene mold was placed over the coated Y-TZP blocks and filled with the adhesive resin cement, then light-cured for 40 s. The shear bond strength (SBS) was then evaluated in dry condition and after thermo-cycling for 6000 cycles. Surface roughness, mode of failure, surface topography and elemental analysis were also evaluated. Results: In dry condition, PVD-coated zirconia specimens showed significantly higher mean SBS values (11.7 ± 1.3 MPa) compared to TSC (10.2 ± 1.1 MPa) (p = 0.027). The SBS values of TSC and PVD-coated samples after thermo-cycling were higher than in dry condition, but with no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05). Tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation was detected in TSC, but not in PVD-coated zirconia. Significant decrease in surface roughness of PVD samples compared to TSC samples (p < 0.001). The silica content in PVD coating was 51% as detected by EDX. Conclusions: High-silica PVD coating on zirconia can give a reliable resin-zirconia chemical bond without any phase transformation and surface destruction by conventional grit-blasting.

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Changes in Bond Strength and Topography for Y-TZP Etched with Hydrofluoric Acid Depending on Concentration and Temperature Conditions

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56110568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 568

Author(s):

Hyo-Eun Kim ◽

Myung-Jin Lim ◽

Mi-Kyung Yu ◽

Kwang-Won Lee

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Room Temperature ◽

High Surface ◽

Tetragonal Zirconia ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Grain Structure ◽

Temperature Conditions ◽

Significant Difference

Background and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the change in bond strength between resin cement and tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline stabilized with 3 to 8 mol% yttrium oxide (Y-TZP) and observe the topographical change of the Y-TZP surface when etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution under different concentration and temperature conditions. Materials and Methods: Non-etched sintered Y-TZP specimens under two different temperature conditions (room temperature and 70–80 °C, respectively), were used as a control, while experimental groups were etched with 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% HF solutions for 10 min. After zirconia primer and MDP-containing resin cement were applied to the Y-TZP surface, the shear bond strength (SBS) of each experimental group was measured. Results: Under room temperature conditions, the highest SBS value was measured in the 40% HF etching group, representing a significant deviation from the other groups (p < 0.05). In the 70–80 °C tests, the 40% HF etching group also had the highest SBS value, but there was no significant difference when compared to the 20% HF etching group (p > 0.05). From SEM and AFM observations, the HF solution increasingly dissolved the Y-TZP surface grain structure as the concentration and application temperature rose, resulting in high surface roughness and irregularities. Conclusions: Pretreating with either 20% HF solution at 70–80 °C or 40% HF solution at room temperature and 70–80 °C effectively acid etched the Y-TZP surface, resulting in more surface roughness and irregularities. Accounting for the concentration and temperature conditions of the HF solution, using 40% HF solution at room temperature will result in improvements in adhesion between resin cement and Y-TZP.

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Can PEEK Be an Implant Material? Evaluation of Surface Topography and Wettability of Filled Versus Unfilled PEEK With Different Surface Roughness

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00144 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 456-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tarek Elawadly ◽

Iman A. W. Radi ◽

Amr El Khadem ◽

Reham B. Osman

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Material Evaluation ◽

Implant Material ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

Oxide Particles ◽

Titanium Dental Implants

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites are biocompatible materials that may overcome the esthetic and allergic problems of titanium dental implants. However, their potential for osseointegration with a subsequent survival rate is still questionable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and wettability of different surface-treated filled and unfilled PEEK specimens, which may be indicative of the osseointegration behavior and potential use of PEEK as an implant material. Unfilled, ceramic-filled (CFP) and carbon fiber-reinforced (CFRP) PEEK discs were prepared and left untreated or were surface treated with 50 μ, 110 μ, or 250 μ aluminum oxide particles. The roughness average (Ra) value of each disc was evaluated using a contact stylus profilometer. Their contact angles were measured to evaluate their wettability, which was compared among PEEK discs using ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni test for pairwise comparisons (P ≤ .05). Regarding the surface roughness, a significant difference was found between unfilled and filled PEEK when untreated and bombarded with 50 or 110 microns of aluminum oxide particles. For the contact angle, a significant difference was found only among the untreated PEEK materials. Among the evaluated PEEK materials, CFRP50, CFRP110 and CFP110 showed the most favorable Ra values with good wettability properties, thus being potential substrates for dental implants.

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Effect of Simultaneous Sintering of Bioglass to a Zirconia Core on Properties and Bond Strength

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14237107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (23) ◽

pp. 7107

Author(s):

Noha Abdel Mawla El-Wassefy ◽

Mutlu Özcan ◽

Shaimaa Ahmed Abo El-Farag

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Bonding Agents ◽

Universal Testing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Spss Software ◽

Microshear Bond Strength

This study aimed to assess bioglass sintering to a zirconia core on surface properties and bonding strength to resin cement. Zirconia specimens were divided into four groups: G I: sintered; G II: bioglass modified zirconia (a bioglass slurry was sintered with zirconia at 1550 °C); G III: sandblasted using 50 μm Al2O3 particles; and G IV: Z-prime plus application. Surface morphology and chemical analysis were studied using a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Surface roughness was evaluated using a profilometer. Surface hardness was measured using an indentation tester. For the microshear bond strength test, resin cement cylinders were bonded to a zirconia surface. Half of the specimens were tested after 24 h; the other half were thermocycled (5–55 °C) for 1000 cycles. A shearing load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min on a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with ANOVA using SPSS software at (p < 0.05). Results: tThe mean surface roughness of G II was significantly higher than G I and G III. The microhardness of G II was significantly lower than all groups. For bond strength, there was no significant difference between groups II, III, and IV after thermocycling. Conclusions: Bioactive glass can increase the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement, and is comparable to sandblasting and Z-prime bonding agents.

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In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Different Surface Treatments of a Hybrid Ceramic on the Microtensile Bond Strength to a Luting Resin Cement

Journal of lasers in medical sciences ◽

10.15171/jlms.2019.48 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 297-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fariba Motevasselian ◽

Zahra Amiri ◽

Nasim Chiniforush ◽

Mansoreh Mirzaei ◽

Van Thompson

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Er:Yag Laser ◽

Surface Treatments ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 5 ◽

Hybrid Ceramic

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different surface treatments of a hybrid ceramic, Vita Enamic, on the micro-tensile bond strength (µ-TBS) to resin cement. Methods: Ten blocks (3×10×8 mm) were retrieved from the original blocks and divided into 5 groups according to the different surface treatments performed: Groups 1: 35% acid phosphoric for 60 seconds (PA); group 2: Sandblasting with 50 µm Al2 O3 particles for 10 seconds (SB); groups 3: 9.5% hydrofluoric acid for 60 seconds (HF), group 4: The Er:YAG laser (2 W, 10 Hz) (ER1), group 5: The Er:YAG laser (3 W, 10 Hz) (ER2). All treated surfaces were salinized and the blocks with similar surface treatments were bonded together using a dual-cured resin cement and light-cured. After 24-hour storage in water, the blocks were cut into beams (1 mm2 ). Half of the specimens in each group (n=16) were tested immediately and the rest were subjected to thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C for 6000 cycles before the µ-TBS test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests and the significance level was set at 0.05. The failure mode was evaluated by using a stereomicroscope. Results: The µ-TBS was clearly influenced by surface treatment methods (P<0.001) and thermocycling significantly decreased the bond strength values in all groups (P=0.007). The highest value (66.07 MPa ± 11.3) was obtained for the HF groups with no thermocycling and the lowest values were observed in the laser groups with no significant difference among different irradiation parameters. Adhesive failure was mainly observed in the PA and SB groups while mixed failure was predominantly shown in the laser and HF groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that surface treatment of VE with HF and salinization could improve the bond strength to a dual-cured resin cement, and Er:YAG laser irradiation with the evaluated parameters did not promote the adhesion of the resin cement to VE.

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