scholarly journals Racionalidade institucional e dominação à luz de Weber, Freud e Adorno: adesão acrítica ou emancipatória

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
Silvia Rosa da Silva Zanolla ◽  
Márcia Ferreira Torres Pereira ◽  
Rômulo Fabriciano Gonzaga Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Theodor Adorno

Resumo Com base na teoria crítica da sociedade do filósofo Theodor Adorno, este trabalho propõe refletir sobre elementos objetivos do âmbito da estrutura institucional e social que fundam ideias referentes à racionalidade e à dominação, considerando fatores subjetivos correlatos às ideias do sociólogo Max Weber. Nesse sentido, corrobora-se ideias acerca da formação complexa da identidade do sujeito diante das exigências de conservação humana, apresentadas à luz da psicanálise de Sigmund Freud; uma discussão controversa, porém fundamental para a teoria crítica, posto que considera contribuições da psicologia perpassadas por elementos que se ampliam para além de comportamentos determinados, conscientes ou alienados. Ou seja, almeja fatores culturais, históricos e sociológicos como bases primordiais para a análise da ideologia como fator racional o qual transcorre o período moderno.

Perspectivas Interdisciplinaridades e Linguagem nas Ciências Humanas

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Alzira Lobo de Arruda Campos
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Michel Serres ◽  
Fernand Braudel

As ciências humanas discutiram a questão da interdisciplinaridade ao longo do século XX. Mas, já no século anterior, figuras notáveis, como Wilhelm Dilthey e Karl Marx, questionavam-se sobre os paradigmas monistas da explicação e da compreensão. Interrogação reproduzida, entre muitos, por Sigmund Freud, Max Weber, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Fernand Braudel, Michel Serres. Em Educação, o grupo de Doutorado em Ciências da Educação, de Paris VIII, há 30 anos adotou a multirreferencialidade como metodologia hegemônica.

scholarly journals The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences by Jason A. Josephson-Storm

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-154
Author(s):  
Dmitri Cerboncini Fernandes ◽  
Alexander Moreira-Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Giordano Bruno

We live in a contradictory world. Self-proclaimed “skeptics”, as the original meaning itself suggests, should first of all strive for proper scientific rationality, for reflective and objective distancing in the apprehension of reality, for methodological caution and for the extended ability to theoretical and philosophical understanding of intricate problems, in practice, too often have entrenched themselves in dogmatic groups. Inquisitors often endowed with the appearance of religious fanaticism, in the worst sense of the term, invest their energies in a crusade of attacks to everyone to whom they attribute mistakes, naivety or even bad intentions. In practice, the universe of those who do not fit in their often restricted, idealized and naïve views of scientific practice. With them, there is hardly any possibility of frank dialogue or opening to research fields that escape their conceptions of what science and philosophy can approach and how they should operate. Charlatans, backward, believers, superstitious; these are some disqualifications generally granted to researchers who dare to go beyond the limits they established for science and rationality. To substantiate their certainties, such self-proclaimed skeptics often claim to base their approach to science on the examples given by highly regarded scientists and philosophers of the past. We speak here of scholars of the stature of Giordano Bruno, Francis Bacon, René Descartes, Isaac Newton, the Encyclopedists, Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, Sigmund Freud, James Frazer, the Vienna Circle, Max Weber, etc. Despite their different approaches, we are talking about many of the very founders of modern Western knowledge. The self-proclaimed contemporary “skeptics” claim their inscriptions in the tradition inaugurated by these illustrious intellectual ancestors. They claim to defend with determination such a rationalist tradition against “pseudoscientists” and “mystic-religious" philosophers who, according to their opinions, wish to corrupt it through insidious insertions in a field that would not rightfully belong to them. This would be their main mission.

scholarly journals O Destino da Razão em uma Era de Pós-Verdade: Reflexões a Partir de O Futuro de uma Ilusão de Sigmund Freud

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Marcelo Da Costa Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Max Weber

Este ensaio reflete sobre as atuais condições de produção e difusão do conhecimento na área das Humanidades, explorando também as perspectivas que se abrem para o futuro. Tomando como ponto de partida O Futuro de uma Ilusão, avalia-se, à luz da contemporaneidade, o diagnóstico feito por Freud acerca da era moderna e do lugar nela desempenhado pela religião e pela ciência. Em seguida, discute-se o conceito de “pós-verdade” como uma chave-interpretativa para a compreensão da época atual, ressaltando-se suas implicações sobre o campo das Humanidades. Nesse ponto, são abordados temas tais como a crise da razão, o declínio das Humanidades e o império das tecnologias. Por fim, o artigo pretende apontar algumas possibilidades abertas para o ensino e a pesquisa nas Humanidades. Seguindo a reflexão feita por Max Weber em A Ciência como Vocação (1917), ressalta-se a necessidade da dedicação obstinada e da entrega apaixonada, sem otimismo exagerado, mas também sem resignação ou renúncia. Como conclusão, o artigo apresenta o ofício de professor e pesquisador das Humanidades como o ofício de um guardador e transmissor de um patrimônio extremamente valioso no presente e que poderá, mesmo, ser indispensável no futuro.

scholarly journals DESRESPEITO E PATOLOGIAS SOCIAIS NA FILOSOFIA DE AXEL HONNETH

Problemata ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Tiago Porto
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Horkheimer ◽  
Axel Honneth ◽  
Theodor Adorno

<p>Dentre as escolas de pensamento situadas no campo de estudo denominado Filosofia Política e Social, a Teoria Crítica recebe um lugar de destaque. Originária da Alemanha, buscava estudar os efeitos sociopolíticos do capitalismo a partir de um referencial marxista, utilizando uma metodologia multidisciplinar que abrangia Filosofia, Psicanálise, Ciências Sociais, Direito entre outras áreas de conhecimento. Longeva, a tradição inaugurada em Frankfurt no limite entre 1929 e 1930 por Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer, vive atualmente a sua terceira geração, sendo representada principalmente por Axel Honneth. Ainda que os referenciais teóricos dos seus integrantes fossem heterogêneos, passando de Karl Marx por Sigmund Freud e G.W.F. Hegel, uma categoria de estudo perpassou as três gerações, recebendo tônicas diferenciadas quanto ao seu diagnóstico: as patologias sociais. No presente artigo, pretende-se analisar de que forma Axel Honneth articula esse tópico dentro do seu <em>corpus </em>teórico. Para tanto, procederemos nossa investigação partindo inicialmente do conceito de desrespeito, fundamental para entendermos o alicerce conceitual empregado pelo filósofo; em seguida, nos concentraremos propriamente nas patologias sociais, analisando sobretudo a ideologia, a reificação e os paradoxos de individualização, enfermidades trabalhadas pelo autor; finalmente, encerramos este trabalho com um estudo do sentimento de injustiça e com a conclusão se Honneth oferece ou não uma solução prescritiva quanto as patologias sociais.</p>

scholarly journals Of Non-vital Interest: Art, Mimicry, and the Phenomenon of Life

Konturen ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Kenneth Calhoon
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Death Drive ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Living Entity ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Vital Interest ◽  
Human Quality

My aim in this essay is to explore certain parallels—concerning anthropomorphism—in the work of Roger Caillois, Hans Jonas, Theodor Adorno and Sigmund Freud. Both Caillois (a thinker closely connected to French Surrealism and an important source for Jacques Lacan) and Jonas (philosopher and one-time student of Heidegger) take issue with the ban on anthropomorphism—an anathema that is the legacy of Western science. Part of the thesis in Jonas’ major work, The Phenomenon of Life, is that freedom is not exclusively a human quality but a potential within the simplest organic forms, even within inorganic matter. Anthropomorphism may be the legacy of a primitive stage in human development in which the whole of creation was endowed with a soul, but this attitude, Jonas argues, is the more natural one. Whereas in the early phases of humanity death was the stranger in a world that was fundamentally alive, modern thinking made life the riddle within a world of neutral matter and mechanistic principles. Freud’s own theory of the death-drive (“an urge inherent in organic life to restore an earlier state of things which the living entity has been obliged to abandon under the pressure of external disturbing forces”) seems quite consistent with the primacy of death over life instituted by modern thought. I have a general interest in comparing Freud’s theory of the death drive, the aim of which is the restoration of an original equilibrium, with music, whose traditional structure (via the cadence) is to relieve tonal tension through a restoration of the keynote (Grundton). This bears upon the problem of anthropomorphism in that “classical” music since the seventeenth century has cast expression in terms of simulated human emotions: we hear music and perceive love, longing or fear, not to mention (in the case of pastorale) the “cheer” of birdsong or the “rage” of a thunderstorm. Adorno’s critique of this tradition, in which true expression is replaced by mere images of expression, theorizes what he calls a “tendency of the material,” extolling the composer whose sheer mastery of technique enables the material to go where it “wants” to go. What Adorno means by “material” is not merely the inventory of sounds available to the musician but the historical experience sedimented within musical convention. Nonetheless, I would like to attempt an argument whose parameters are Adorno’s “tendency of the material” and Jonas’ idea that freedom must be conceived as a “genuine potency” within physical substance.

scholarly journals El sujeto en la frontera. Theodor Adorno, Joel Whitebook y el legado de Freud / The subject on the boundary. Theodor Adorno, Joel Whitebook and the legacy of Freud

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Gustavo M. Robles
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sociological Concept

<p>El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la crítica al concepto racionalista de subjetividad de Theodor Adorno y Joel Whitebook a partir de su reapropiación de ciertos motivos naturalistas de la obra de Sigmund Freud. Estos autores representan una corriente alternativa dentro de la teoría crítica que busca en Freud un concepto dual y no reductible a lo sociológico de sujeto en la frontera entre lo racional y lo natural, entre lo social-lingüístico y lo pulsional, entre el Yo socialmente constituido y lo Ello. Como pretendo mostrar en las siguientes líneas, Freud es para ellos la llave teórica para descentrar al sujeto y para rearticular formas más amplias y no autoritarias de subjetividad.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> sujeto, Teoría Crítica, Psicoanálisis, Adorno, Whitebook</p><p> </p><p class="Ttulo21"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The aim of this paper is to analyze the criticism of a rationalist concept of subjectivity carried out by Theodor Adorno and Joel Whitebook considering their naturalistic reading of Freud´s work. Both authors represent an alternative stream within the critical theory that seeks in Freud a dual and non-sociological concept of the subject located on the boundary between the rational and the natural, the social-linguistic and the drives, the socially constituted Ego and the untamed Id. I pretend to show in the following lines that Freud is for them the key to criticize a self-centered subject and to imagine post-idealistic and non-authoritarian forms of subjectivity. </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong><em> </em>subject, Critical Theory, Psychoanalysis, Adorno, Whitebook</p>

Religion and International Relations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Bettiza
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
European Constitution

As progress unfolded, religion was supposed to be consigned to the dustbin of history. So argued many of the 19th-century founding fathers of the modern social sciences such as Max Weber, Karl Marx, and Sigmund Freud. This insight became conventional wisdom as modernization and secularization theorists sought to systematize and theorize more explicitly God’s demise during much of the 20th century. This understanding of an ever more disenchanted world was increasingly challenged from the 1970s onward by a series of events and process that modernization and secularization theories could hardly explain let alone predict. These events included the Iranian revolution of 1979, the rise of the Christian Right in the United States since the late 1970s, the progressive emergence of religious fundamentalisms across most world religions, the role played by a Catholic pope in Europe and the Mujahidin in Afghanistan in the fall of Soviet Communism, a new post-Cold War security environment with its emphasis on the politics of identity, the so-called New Wars, the clash of civilization scenarios, and religious terrorism—all epitomized by the 11 September 2001 attacks—and, lastly but not least, mounting religious controversies in Europe around Christian values in the European Constitution, the hijab in schools, and enlargement to Turkey. These developments have led scholars to reconsider the role of religion in the modern world, reexamine the Eurocentric and universalist premises on which much secularization theory and the very same concept of religion had been based, and reflexively assess the secularist biases through which social scientists generally understand and explain world politics. The study of religion and its twin concept of the secular are thus currently going through a period of great vitality across the social sciences. This bibliography focuses on debates and scholarship within the field of international relations (IR). As the study of religion is by its very nature an interdisciplinary affair, a number of studies from cognate fields that make a direct and important contribution to ongoing debates in IR are also included. The bibliography is organized along six main sections. The first section is a general overview of key books and articles, journals, and online resources in the field. The second section, titled Understanding Religion in IR, explores why the sacred had long been overlooked in IR and a range of ongoing definitional debates in the discipline. The third section, titled Religion and IR Theory, presents three broad perspectives—non-paradigmatic, paradigmatic, and theological—seeking to integrate religion with IR theorizing. The fourth section briefly presents major studies and debates on the Secular and Postsecular in IR. In the fifth section, titled Religion and International Issues, readers are acquainted with work exploring the complex interaction between religion and a range of issues central to the field of IR, such as the sovereign state, war, and peace. The sixth and final section presents work surveying, promoting and critiquing the growing topic of Operationalizing Religion in International Policy.

scholarly journals Enzo Traverso. Los judíos y Alemania. Ensayos sobre la “simbiosis judío-alemana”

Acta Poética ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Franz Kafka ◽  
Gustav Mahler ◽  
Heinrich Heine ◽  
Fritz Lang ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
No Man's Land

La tesis de Enzo Traverso en su libro Los judíos y Alemania. Ensayos sobre la “simbiosis judeo-alemana” viene a apoyar las palabras del estudioso de la cábala judía. De la misma manera en que Scholem negaba y negó siempre esa anhelada simbiosis, Traverso plantea justamente esta innegable realidad. Las voces que una vez parecieron dar vida a ese diálogo fueron innumerables. Heinrich Heine, Karl Marx, Franz Kafka, Sigmund Freud, Edmund Husserl, Walter Benjamin, Gustav Mahler, Fritz Lang, Joseph Roth, y muchísimos más, como sabemos, fueron acallados en el intento por sobrevivir esta vez como judíos y no, como pretendieron durante años, como alemanes. Otros, como Hannah Arendt, Max Horkheimer y Theodor Adorno, encontraron refugio en Estados Unidos y desde allí hicieron oír sus voces, pero ni siquiera ellos lograron hacer realidad ese diálogo tan deseado. En efecto, y visto con el lente de la historia, Traverso nos da la pauta: este diálogo nunca existió, lo que el pasado nos muestra es precisamente que se trató de un monólogo judío en el que los alemanes nunca fueron auténticos interlocutores. La aceptación de la alteridad radical nunca se dio, o si apareció en momentos, no fue sino un simulacro. El intento por verse incluidos en la esfera de la cultura y tradición alemanas, no fue más que eso: un mero intento, un sueño que tardó poco tiempo en derrumbarse. El hecho es que, en realidad, los judíos vivieron en una no man’s land y que su asombrosa producción literaria, filosófica y musical no tuvo nada que ver con esa deseada simbiosis. En realidad, los judíos alemanes estuvieron siempre solos como solo estuvo Franz Kafka al escribir su obra. A la pregunta de qué tan solo se sentía Kakfa, él mismo respondió “Solo como Franz Kafka”. Así estuvieron, aunque en el autoengaño, la gran mayoría de los intelectuales y no intelectuales judíos-alemanes desde mitad del siglo XIX hasta 1933.

Rescuing Hempel From His World

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Carlos Leone ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Covering Laws ◽  
Do So

This paper makes the case for the relevance of C. G. Hempel’s 1942 proposal of the usage of «covering laws» in History. To do so, it argues that such a proposal reflects how 18 and 19th centuries «philosophy of History» became methods or epistemology of History. This carried a change in meaning of «History»: no longer a succession of past events but the study of documented human action (including of scientific kind in general), its distinction vis-à-vis philosophy, sociology etc., becomes a minor matter as far as logic of research is concerned. Also present in this paper is the conception of theory as a conceptual mode of narrative, and the defense of a development of theories alongside their practice, not apart from them. Authors considered besides Hempel range from Max Weber to Sigmund Freud, from Arthur C. Danto to Albert O. Hirschmann.

‘Where they desire they cannot love’: Recovering Radical Freudianism in West German Sexology (1960s–1980s)

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
New Left ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Consumer Capitalism ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Empirical Social Science ◽  
Masters And Johnson

What do the therapies of Masters and Johnson – the practical remedies for premature ejaculation and difficulties with orgasm – have to do with the philosophy of Theodor Adorno or the legacy of Sigmund Freud? Mentored by ex-Nazis and re-émigré Jews, mixing empirical social science research with mass media presence as public intellectuals, the young sexologists affiliated with the West German New Left worked ardently to liberalize sex-related law and mores while struggling to explain their profound ambivalence about the consumer capitalism-driven sexual revolution unfolding all around them. This is a story about how ideas crisscross the Atlantic, how paradigms change bodies, and how hard it is to make sense of intimate unhappiness. The revolution changed the experience of sex, and led the scholar-activists to rethink the nature of sex itself. The innovative, psychoanalytically inflected insights they developed can inspire us to write the histories of sexuality and psychoanalysis in new ways.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document