Unawareness of hypertension and its determinants among 'quilombolas' (inhabitants of 'quilombos' - hinterland settlements founded by people of African origin) living in Southwest Bahia, Brazil

This study sought to evaluate the prevalence of unawareness of arterial hypertension (AH) and associated factors among the quilombola population and to describe aspects of the non-pharmacological management of AH. It involved a cross-sectional study with a sample of 358 people with AH aged 18 years or more. AH was considered systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or reported use of antihypertensive drugs. Unawareness of AH was classified as persons answering negatively when asked if they suffered from AH. Poisson regression was then used. The prevalence of unawareness of AH was 44.1% (95% CI: 38.9-49.3). Among those who already knew the diagnosis and had drug treatment only 24.8% had controlled BP. The unawareness of AH was positively associated with the male sex and Stage 1 of AH and negatively with increasing age, overweight, negative self-perception of health and medical visits. For non-pharmacological management, low percentages of quilombola reported appropriate standard recommendations of care. Arterial hypertension is a serious public health issue among the quilombola population, revealing great vulnerability in health due to poor levels of awareness, treatment and control.

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A comparative study on the adherence to anti-hypertensive medications in urban and rural areas of Hubballi

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191408 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1701 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pratibha Rao Katapadi ◽

Dattatreya D. Bant

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients

Background: Hypertension is a significant public health issue worldwide and can have deleterious effects on the health when it is not under control. Adherence to antihypertensive medications is thus necessary for better control of blood pressure and to reduce the risk of complications. There are various factors which support or hinder the patient’s adherence to anti- hypertensive treatment. Thus this study was done to reflect the factors influencing the adherence to antihypertensive drugs among urban and rural population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in urban and rural field practice areas of Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection among the known hypertensive patients. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS software.Results: Most of the hypertensive patients were aged 45 and above (89.5%). A total of 73.5% of the participants were adherent to antihypertensive medications and adherence was more among urban (76%) as compared to rural population (71%). Knowledge regarding complications of uncontrolled hypertension was the major factor for adherence in both the areas. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was controlled in patients who were adherent.Conclusions: There is a higher level of adherence to antihypertensive medications in urban population as compared to rural population of Hubballi. The findings suggest patient factors, clinical factors and socio-demographic factors play an important role in determining the adherence to the medication.

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Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors associated with hypertension in Lebanese adults: A cross sectional study

Global Cardiology Science and Practice ◽

10.21542/gcsp.2018.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bouchra Bakr Mouhtadi ◽

Reem Mohamad Najib Kanaan ◽

Mohammad Iskandarani ◽

Mohamad Khaled Rahal ◽

Dalal Hammoud Halat

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Adult Population ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Current Status ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Control

Background: The prevention and control of hypertension is an essential component for reducing cardiovascular disease burden. Hypertension is an important public health issue, yet few studies have examined its current status among the Lebanese population. Objective: To examine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and its associated risk factors among Lebanese adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2014, and May 2015, on adults from the five districts of Lebanon. Multistage sampling was used to enroll participants. Hypertension was defined as an average of two blood pressure (BP) measurements with systolic/diastolic blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg, using an automated digital device, or the use of antihypertensive medication. A questionnaire was used to assess hypertension risk factors, awareness, treatment and control. Results: Of the 1362 Lebanese adults interviewed, 399 (29.3%) had hypertension. Of these, 106 (26.5%) were aware of their condition. Sixty-nine patients (65%) of those aware, were receiving treatment, and 38 (55%) participants from those treated were controlled. The significant risk factors were sex, gender, age, family history of hypertension, obesity, and a low level of education. Conclusions: Hypertension is prevalent among the Lebanese adult population and is multifactorial, but remains incompletely recognized, leading to insufficient control. Hypertension was highly prevalent in males in the age category 18-29 years. These findings show that improvements in detection, treatment, and control of hypertension among Lebanese adults, is much needed.

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THE PREVALENCE OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND ITS RISK FACTORS TOWARD HIV-POSITIVE PERSONS IN FERGANA VALLEY

European Medical Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.12955/emhpj.v8i1.672 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mirzoulugbek Mirsaydullaev ◽

Nematjon Mamasaliev

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Normal Range ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Over 40 Years ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: The data on the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in patients with HIV/AIDS vary. Even though some authors have reported higher prevalence of high blood pressure and systemic arterial hypertension in this group, compared to the prevalence of AH in subjects without infection, other studies have found similar prevalence of AH between men and women with HIV and individuals without the infection. In Uzbekistan such researches were not conducted yet.Objective: Evaluate the prevalence of prevalence of arterial hypertension and its risk factors at the HIV-positive persons of Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan.Methods: A cross-sectional study aligned to a cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS. The study considered hypertension at levels ≥ 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive drugs and pre-hypertension at levels > 120/80 mmHg.Results: Out of this total, 138 patients (48%) were male and 149 were female (52%); 65% of them were 40 years-old or younger, and other 35% were over 40 years of age. Among the individuals evaluated, 184 (64.1%) had blood pressure within the normal range, 62 (21.6%) were considered prehypertensive, and 41 (14.3%) were considered hypertensive. Twenty five patients (61%) knew they had hypertension, and 9 of them (36.0%) used antihypertensive medication on a continuous basis. The blood pressure levels were controlled in only 5 (20.0%) patients that knew that they were hypertensive.Conclusion: Among HIV-infected persons, 21.6% were considered prehypertensive, and 14.3% were considered hypertensive. It is important to warn clinicians who provide care to HIV/AIDS patients that such patients are not only individuals infected with a potentially fatal virus, but, despite the benefit of new antiretroviral therapies, they are also patients whose prognosis may be affected by comorbidities, such as hypertension.

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Paradoxical Distribution of Augmentation Index Level in Chronic Kidney Diseases

Nephrology Research & Reviews ◽

10.4081/nr.2012.e19 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 79-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yoshihiko Kanno ◽

Tsuneo Takenaka ◽

Yusuke Watanabe ◽

Tsutomu Inoue ◽

Hiroshi Takane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ckd Stage ◽

Index Level ◽

Stage 1

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) are used as indexes of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular survival. Although PWV is known to increase as the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) advances, how this is related to AI and CKD stage has not yet been well defined. A sub-analysis was performed using the data from the Antihypertensive and Blood Pressure of Central Artery in Japan study. This was a cross-sectional study on hypertensive patients. All the patients with available serum creatinine levels were selected, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the modification of diet in renal disease equation for a Japanese population. Augmentation indexes at different stages of CKD were compared. Data from 1392 patients were pooled and analyzed. In addition to eGFR, there were differences in age (P<0.0001), pulse rate (P<0.0001), vasodilator antihypertensive drugs (P<0.005), systolic (P<0.005) and diastolic (P<0.01) blood pressure at 5 CKD stages. Multivariate regression showed that AI correlated to age (0.19%/year), pulse rate (-0.54%/bpm), systolic blood pressure (0.18%/mmHg) and vasodilator antihypertensive drugs (-2.42%/class). Therefore, AI was adjusted for these confounding factors. Adjusted AI in stage 5 (77±20%) was lower than that in stage 1 (84±19%, P<0.05). These data indicate that AI varies according to CKD stage, and suggest that a cut-off value of AI should be set for each stage of CKD to detect cardiovascular disease.

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Anolunula in Fingernails among Patients Infected with HIV

ISRN Dermatology ◽

10.1155/2014/271230 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Pratik Gahalaut ◽

Nitin Mishra ◽

Sandhya Chauhan ◽

Mir Mubashir Ali ◽

Madhur Kant Rastogi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Negative Control ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stage 1 ◽

And Control ◽

Hiv Negative

Lunula is the white, half-moon shaped area seen in proximal ends of some nails. Though a few studies have described the nail changes that can occur in association with HIV infection, none of these paid much attention to lunula. Aims and Objectives. To study the lunula in fingernails among HIV infected patients. Materials and Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study to record presence of lunula in 168 HIV-positive patients and compare it with age and sex matched 168 healthy HIV-negative control. Anolunula (absence of lunula) in HIV-positive patients was correlated with CD4 counts, stages of HIV infection, time since patient was diagnosed as HIV-positive, and status of antiretroviral therapy. Results. Anolunula was present in significantly more fingernails in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative controls. There was a highly significant difference for total anolunula (anolunula in all fingernails) in study and control group. Incidence of total anolunula was directly proportional to the stage of HIV infection, increasing progressively as the HIV infection advances from stage 1 to stage 4. Conclusion. Absence of lunula is related to not only HIV infection per se but also the stages of HIV infection.

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An observational study on patient compliance and adverse drug reactions of antihypertensives drugs in a tertiary care center of Bihar

IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology ◽

10.18231/j.ijcaap.2021.033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 190-193

Author(s):

Mrityunjay Kumar Pandit ◽

Kumar Gaurav ◽

Jeetendra Kumar

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Care Center ◽

Adult Population ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Dose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Institutional Ethics

Hypertension is among the most common non-communicable and lifestyle disease in our country that affects adult population of both the genders from all socio-economic backgrounds and urban and rural population. In-spite of this, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are suboptimal. Adherence of prescribed treatment has been studied in patients of hypertension in this study. : An observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar. Prior to the initiation of the study, clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Study period was between January 2021 and June 2021.A predesigned pretested interview schedule was used to collect the data from the 247 study participants. This schedule contained information related to socio-demographic variables, comorbidity, a format to assess the compliance to antihypertensive drugs prescribed and any adverse event. : A significant improvement in maintain optimal in blood pressure was observed in patients treated with one pill per day as compared to patients prescribed with two and three pills per day. Compliance was significantly better in patients in combination therapy as compared to monotherapy. : Low dose combination therapy has been stated to be more effective than high dose monotherapy in controlling blood pressure. It shows better compliance and lesser incidence of side-effects.

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Impact of valve morphology, hypertension and age on aortic wall properties in patients with coarctation: a two-centre cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034853 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e034853

Author(s):

Niky Ghorbani ◽

Vivek Muthurangu ◽

Abbas Khushnood ◽

Leonid Goubergrits ◽

Sarah Nordmeyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Aortic Coarctation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ascending Aorta ◽

Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Descending Aorta

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the combined effects of arterial hypertension, bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAVD) and age on the distensibility of the ascending and descending aortas in patients with aortic coarctation.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted at two university medical centres, located in Berlin and London.ParticipantsA total of 121 patients with aortic coarctation (ages 1–71 years) underwent cardiac MRI, echocardiography and blood pressure measurements.Outcome measuresCross-sectional diameters of the ascending and descending aortas were assessed to compute aortic area distensibility. Findings were compared with age-specific reference values. The study complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and reporting guidelines.ResultsImpaired distensibility (below fifth percentile) was seen in 37% of all patients with coarctation in the ascending aorta and in 43% in the descending aorta. BAVD (43%) and arterial hypertension (72%) were present across all ages. In patients >10 years distensibility impairment of the ascending aorta was predominantly associated with BAVD (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.33 to 7.22, p=0.009). Distensibility impairment of the descending aorta was predominantly associated with arterial hypertension (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.08 to 7.2, p=0.033) and was most pronounced in patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite antihypertensive treatment.ConclusionFrom early adolescence on, both arterial hypertension and BAVD have a major impact on aortic distensibility. Their specific effects differ in strength and localisation (descending vs ascending aorta). Moreover, adequate blood pressure control is associated with improved distensibility. These findings could contribute to the understanding of cardiovascular complications and the management of patients with aortic coarctation.

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Hypertension among Young Adults in the Shopping Malls of Kathmandu

Nepalese Heart Journal ◽

10.3126/njh.v9i1.8346 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 33-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Shakya ◽

M Timilsina ◽

K Timilsina ◽

M Lamsal ◽

S Dhakal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Shopping Malls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Challenge ◽

Study Population ◽

Public Health Challenge ◽

And Control

Background Hypertension is a major public health challenge in the world. Developing countries share the major burden of it. Unlike thought before, hypertension is increasing among poor, young and women. Methods It was a cross sectional study carried out in The Hypertension Screening and Awareness Program conducted in the shopping malls at the heart of Kathmandu on the occasion of World Hypertension Day 2012 by Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu. The blood pressure was measured according to World Heart Organization’s guideline by registered nurses. There were total 486 participants with the mean age of 29.51±10.77years. Majority of the participants were male (67.1%). Most of the participants were less or equal to 40 years (84.6%). Mean systolic blood pressure was 112.3±14.69mmHg and mean diastolic blood pressure was 75.09±11.89 mmHg. Average mean blood pressure was 87.41±12.28mmHg in the study population. Results Despite majority of participants were at young age, prevalence of hypertension was 23.7%, pre-hypertension was 30% and 46.3% had ideal blood pressure according to JNC-7 Classification. Prevalence of hypertension was higher among male (30.39% vs. 10%). Almost two third of the hypertensive subjects were less or equal to 40 years (64.35%). Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 39.13%, 18.26% and 7.38% respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, Hypertension is an emerging public health challenge in urban areas of Nepal. Most importantly, it may be increasing among young population. Moreover, awareness, treatment and control rates are not satisfactory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v9i1.8346 Nepalese Heart Journal Vol.9(1) 2012 pp.33-36

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Influence of postural misalignment on blood pressure fall in hypertensive individuals: an exploratory cross sectional study

Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia ◽

10.17267/2238-2704rpf.v8i2.1955 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 248-257

Author(s):

Ana Lucia Barbosa Goes ◽

Davi Mota De Jesus ◽

Tiago Bastos Silva ◽

Vinícius Cardoso Lago ◽

Luis Agnaldo Pereira De Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Pressure System ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Load ◽

Anterior Trunk ◽

Student’S T ◽

Pressure Fall

INTRODUCTION: blood pressure System (SNS) has been considered as the ultimate integrator of the systems’ physiology on Blood Pressure (BP) control. Posture is also regulated by SNS. Systems which regulate BP also act on postural control. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis of an association between postural misalignments (PM) and BP fall in hypertensive individuals. METHODS: Exploratory study using a sample of 40 hypertensive individuals, who regularly use antihypertensive drugs. All of them underwent Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) and posture assessment, through Postural Assessment Software (PAS). To test association between posture angles and BP variables, the student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney tests were used, at a 5% level of significance. This study is registered at clinical trials, under the number NCT02401516. RESULTS: For Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), anterior trunk shift presented smaller awake/asleep variation (14.7%vs25.3%, p=0.01), and flexing ankle for higher BP loads: 21.9%vs7.8% for total load (p=0.02), 21.8%vs9% for load during the period awake (p=0.04) and 21.9%vs7.9% for load during the period asleep (p=0.02). For Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), posterior trunk shift presented higher pressure load (24.0%vs16.2%, p=0.04), and anterior trunk shift presented smaller awake/asleep variation (14.4%vs25.5%, p=0.01) and flexing hip presented higher BP load (29.4%vs18.3%, p=0.02). From posture scores, the PM presented smaller awake/asleep variation for SBP (13.7%vs22.8%, p=0.03) and DBP (11.5%vs23.5%, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: PM can be associated with pressure fall. Three or more alterations in posture angles are associated with smaller awake/asleep BP variation.

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