EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE MYOCARDIUM OF FEMALE LDL KNOCKOUT OVARIECTOMIZED MICE

ABSTRACT Introduction: The emergence of coronary heart disease increases with menopause, physical inactivity and with dyslipidemia. It is known that physical training promotes the improvement of cardiovascular functions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic physical training on the left ventricle in female LDL knockout ovariectomized mice. Methods: Thirty animals were divided into 6 groups (n=5), namely, sedentary non-ovariectomized control; sedentary ovariectomized control; trained ovariectomized control; sedentary non-ovariectomized; sedentary ovariectomized; and trained ovariectomized. We analyzed the mean nuclear volume parameters, the cross sectional area of the myocytes, the apparent density of the capillaries, interstitium, myocytes and collagen fibers. Results: The results show that for the density of the number of nuclei, the physical activity decreased to values close to the ovariectomized control group. Regarding the mean nuclear volume and the average area of myocytes, training and ovariectomy promoted the elevation of these values but hypercholesterolemia was lower. the volume density of myocytes, hypercholesterolemia showed an increase of these values as well as the training. There was no change in the volumetric density of the capillaries and the density of collagen fibers. The training caused the decrease in the density of the interstitial volume, and the hypercholesterolemia changed to a smaller one than the control group. Conclusion: We concluded that the moderate aerobic activity or the training time used in our study were not sufficient to generate significant alterations in the hypercholesterolemic group.

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Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546520987819 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036354652098781

Author(s):

Mathias Paiva ◽

Lars Blønd ◽

Per Hölmich ◽

Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod

Keyword(s):

Trochlear Dysplasia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Tibial Tubercle ◽

Control Group ◽

Trochlear Groove ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

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Atrophy patterns in isolated subscapularis lesions

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04241-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gernot Seppel ◽

Andreas Voss ◽

Daniel J. H. Henderson ◽

Simone Waldt ◽

Bernhard Haller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Control Group ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Subscapularis Muscle ◽

Mri Scans ◽

The Mean ◽

The Cross

Abstract Background While supraspinatus atrophy can be described according to the system of Zanetti or Thomazeau there is still a lack of characterization of isolated subscapularis muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to describe patterns of muscle atrophy following repair of isolated subscapularis (SSC) tendon. Methods Forty-nine control shoulder MRI scans, without rotator cuff pathology, atrophy or fatty infiltration, were prospectively evaluated and subscapularis diameters as well as cross sectional areas (complete and upper half) were assessed in a standardized oblique sagittal plane. Calculation of the ratio between the upper half of the cross sectional area (CSA) and the total CSA was performed. Eleven MRI scans of patients with subscapularis atrophy following isolated subscapularis tendon tears were analysed and cross sectional area ratio (upper half /total) determined. To guarantee reliable measurement of the CSA and its ratio, bony landmarks were also defined. All parameters were statistically compared for inter-rater reliability, reproducibility and capacity to quantify subscapularis atrophy. Results The mean age in the control group was 49.7 years (± 15.0). The mean cross sectional area (CSA) was 2367.0 mm2 (± 741.4) for the complete subscapularis muscle and 1048.2 mm2 (± 313.3) for the upper half, giving a mean ratio of 0.446 (± 0.046). In the subscapularis repair group the mean age was 56.7 years (± 9.3). With a mean cross sectional area of 1554.7 mm2 (± 419.9) for the complete and of 422.9 mm2 (± 173.6) for the upper half of the subscapularis muscle, giving a mean CSA ratio of 0.269 (± 0.065) which was seen to be significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Analysis of typical atrophy patterns of the subscapularis muscle demonstrates that the CSA ratio represents a reliable and reproducible assessment tool in quantifying subscapularis atrophy. We propose the classification of subscapularis atrophy as Stage I (mild atrophy) in case of reduction of the cross sectional area ratio < 0.4, Stage II (moderate atrophy) in case of < 0.35 and Stage III (severe atrophy) if < 0.3.

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Association between endometriosis, headache, and migraine

Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders ◽

10.1177/2284026518818975 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Burcin Karamustafaoglu Balci ◽

Zehra Kabakci ◽

Damla Y Guzey ◽

Bartu Avci ◽

Murathan Guler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Medical Records ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Screening Questions ◽

The Mean ◽

Id Migraine

Introduction: Available data suggest that there is an association between endometriosis and a group of disorders including autonomic nervous system irregularities. A deeper understanding of relationship between endometriosis and autonomic nervous system is needed as it may lead to novel discoveries on the causes or consequences of endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of migraine in patients with endometriosis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, medical records of women were reviewed through January 2013 to December 2017. Women with laparoscopically proven endometriosis (n = 185) were compared with those without endometriosis (n = 168). The 3-item screening questions (ID Migraine™) test was used to screen migraine. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25 (IBM Corporation). The χ2 test was used for analyzing the nominal parameters and group comparisons. Pearson χ2 was used to study the association between endometriosis and migraine. Results: The mean age was 31.86 ± 4.49 years of the endometriosis group and 28.95 ± 5.11 years of the controls (p = 0.408). The two pre-screening questions of ID Migraine test were answered positively by 86 patients of the endometriosis group (75.4%) and by 53 patients of the control group (54.6%) (p = 0.001). Of these patients, 51 (44.7% of endometriosis group) and 26 (26.8% of control group) were diagnosed as having migraine using 3-item Migraine questionnaire (p = 0.007). Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of migraine was significantly higher in patients with endometriosis. Because there is a strong correlation, patients with endometriosis should be screened for headache and migraine to increase the benefits of care.

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Patients with Achilles Tendon Rupture Have a Degenerated Contralateral Achilles Tendon: An Elastography Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/2367615 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qianru Li ◽

Qi Zhang ◽

Yehua Cai ◽

Yinghui Hua

Keyword(s):

Achilles Tendon ◽

Axial Strain ◽

Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Control Group ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Study Group ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Purpose. To evaluate differences of Achilles tendon (AT) hardness and morphology between asymptomatic tendons in patients with acute AT ruptures on the contralateral side and asymptomatic tendons in healthy people by using computer-assisted quantification on axial-strain sonoelastography (ASE). Methods. The study consisted of 33 asymptomatic tendons in 33 patients (study group) and 34 tendons in 19 healthy volunteers (control group). All the tendons were examined by both ASE and conventional ultrasound. Computer-assisted quantification on ASE was applied to extract hardness variables, including the mean (Hmean), 20th percentile (H20), median (H50) and skewness (Hsk) of the hardness within tendon, and the ratio of the mean hardness within tendon to that outside tendon (Hratio) and three morphological variables: the thickness (THK), cross-sectional area, and eccentricity (ECC) of tendons. Results. The Hmean, Hsk, H20, H50, and Hratio in the proximal third of the tendon body in study group were significantly smaller than those in control group (Hmean: 0.43±0.09 vs 0.50±0.07, p=0.001; Hsk: -0.53±0.51 vs -1.09±0.51, p<0.001; H20: 0.31±0.10 vs 0.40±0.10, p=0.001; H50: 0.45±0.10 vs 0.53±0.08, p<0.001; Hratio: 1.01±0.25 vs 1.20±0.23, p=0.003). The THK and cross-sectional area of tendons in the study group were larger than those in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions. As a quantitative objective method, the computer-assisted ASE reveals that the asymptomatic ATs contralateral to acute rupture are softer than those of healthy control group at the proximal third and the asymptomatic tendons in people with rupture history are thicker, larger, and rounder than those of normal volunteers especially at the middle and distal thirds of AT body.

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Pattern ERG as a predictor in ocular hypertensive

Asian Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.35119/asjoo.v15i2.215 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Paaraj Dave ◽

Jitendra Jethani

Keyword(s):

Amplitude Ratio ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Visual Fields ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Pattern Erg ◽

Check Size ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Purpose: To report the repeatability of Pattern Electrotretinogram (PERG) and its findings in ocular hypertension (OHT) and normal eyes.Methods: A cross-sectional study where PERG responses were compared between the study group comprising of 80 eyes of 80 patients with intraocular pressure (IOP)>21 mmHg and the control group with 80 eyes of 80 normal individuals (IOP≤21mmHg). The optic disc and the visual fields were normal with a visual acuity of ≥ 0.8 in both groups. PERG was recorded twice for each individual in the control group by a single operator on 2 consecutive days to assess the repeatability.Results: The mean age in the study and control groups was 50.05±10.03 and 54.8±7.66 years(p=0.44) respectively. The mean IOP was 26.55±3.9 mmHg for the study group as opposed to 14.45±2.9 mmHg for the controls (p<0.001). The central corneal thickness and the cup-disc ratio was similar between the groups (p>.05). The P50-N95 amplitude (p=0.01) and the P50 latency (p<0.001) was statistically significantly different between both the groups. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) showed poor agreement for all parameters except for N35-P50 0.8 to 16 degree check size amplitude ratio (PERG ratio).Conclusion: Increase in P50 latency emerges as a new candidate for early glaucoma indicator in addition to reduction in P50-N95 amplitude. PERG parameters suffer from high test-retest variability. Deterioration in PERG recordings should be interpreted with caution. The variability is lesser for the PERG ratio which maybe more meaningful while monitoring for change over time.

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Phonological awareness and sinusoidal amplitude modulation in phonological dislexia

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20160026 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 293-298

Author(s):

Yolanda Peñaloza-López ◽

Aline Herrera-Rangel ◽

Santiago J. Pérez-Ruiz ◽

Adrián Poblano

Keyword(s):

Phonological Awareness ◽

Language Processing ◽

Amplitude Modulation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Learning To Read ◽

The Mean ◽

Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation

ABSTRACT Objective Dyslexia is the difficulty of children in learning to read and write as results of neurological deficiencies. The objective was to test the Phonological awareness (PA) and Sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) threshold in children with Phonological dyslexia (PD). Methods We performed a case-control, analytic, cross sectional study. We studied 14 children with PD and 14 control children from 7 to 11 years of age, by means of PA measurement and by SAM test. The mean age of dyslexic children was 8.39 years and in the control group was 8.15. Results Children with PD exhibited inadequate skills in PA, and SAM. We found significant correlations between PA and SAM at 4 Hertz frequency, and calculated regression equations that predicts between one-fourth and one-third of variance of measurements. Conclusion Alterations in PA and SAM found can help to explain basis of deficient language processing exhibited by children with PD.

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HEARING EVALUATION OF NIGERIAN PRISON INMATES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

Kanem Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.36020/kjms.2020.1402.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 106-114

Author(s):

Abdullahi Musa Kirfi ◽

◽

Mohammed Bello Fufore ◽

Garba Mohammed Mainasara ◽

Abdulrazak Ajiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Hearing Threshold ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Prison Inmates ◽

Impaired Hearing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Background: Prisoners, due to confinement are isolated from contact with the society and access to many of the facilities, including medical care. This study aimed to evaluate the hearing threshold of inmates of Kaduna convict prison. Method: It was a cross-sectional study of prison inmates at the Kaduna convict prison between April 2017 and February 2019. Ethical approvals were obtained from relevant bodies and all consented inmates aged 18 – 55years in the Kaduna convict prison were enrolled. Equal number of control matched for age and gender were enrolled from the communities in Kaduna North Local Government Area. Data were collated using a structured questionnaire. A diagnostic Pure Tone Audiometry was performed to assess their hearing threshold. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for analysis. Results: Four hundred and thirty inmates and equal number of control group were enrolled. The mean age for the inmates and controls were 30.2±7.5 and 30.4±8.02 years respectively. There were 383 males and 47 females in both groups. Among the 860 ears of the inmates, 238(27.7%) ears had hearing loss while in the control group, 95/ (11.1%) ears had impaired hearing. Conductive hearing loss was the commonest among the inmates 111(46.6%) while sensorineural was commoner among the controls 57(60.0%). The mean pure tone average among the inmates was 25.6±11.3dBHL and 26.1±11.2dBHL on the right and left ears respectively while in the control group, it was 18.4±7.8dBHL on the right and 17.9±7.9dBHL on the left. Conclusion: This study revealed that hearing loss was more prevalent among prison inmates than the general population. In majority of the inmates, the hearing loss was mild, conductive and mostly affecting all the frequencies.

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Effect of physical training on lung function and respiratory muscles strength in policewomen trainees

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172439 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 2516

Author(s):

Kamal M. Awad ◽

Aamir Magzoub ◽

Omer Elbedri ◽

Omer Musa

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Physical Training ◽

Respiratory Muscle ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Respiratory Muscles ◽

Control Group ◽

Trained Group ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

The Mean

Background: Measurement of respiratory muscles strength has not been widely investigated in the context of physical training.Methods: This cross-sectional study has assessed pulmonary function and strength of respiratory muscles in two women groups: group I includes healthy policewomen (n=28) exposed to physical training 3 hours daily for at least 2 years and group II is a matched control group (n=31) of untrained apparently healthy second year medical students. Lung function tests including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were performed using a digital spirometer and maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) as indicators for respiratory muscle strength were measured using a digital respiratory pressure meter.Results: The mean FVC (L), FEV1 (L), PEF (L/min) values were significantly higher in the police-trained group (p=0.000, 0.000 and 0.003 respectively). Similarly, the mean MIP and MEP (cm/H2O) values were significantly higher among trained group (p=0.000 and 0.003 respectively).Conclusions: Long-term regular physical exercise improves lung function as well as respiratory muscle power and may delay the age-related decline in lung function.

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Frequency of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Alopecia Areata and Control Group Referring to Skin Clinics of Yazd City in 2017

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/ssu.v28i1.3132 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Ardakani ◽

Ghasem Dastjerdi ◽

Sepideh Hasani

Keyword(s):

Alopecia Areata ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Common Disease ◽

Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Yazd City

Introduction: Alopecia areata is a fairly common disease characterized by patchy aria of hair loss. The role of psychological factors in the occurrence of alopecia areata has long been discussed. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of stress and anxiety and depression in the patients with alopecia areata in Yazd City in 2017. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study and 50 patients with alopecia areata in Yazd were compared with 50 in the control group in the year 2016. Sampling method was a census and variables, including sex, age, education level, duration of lesion, frequency of relapse, and location of the disease were collected and recorded using a questionnaire. The depression anxiety stress-scale (DASS) (Dass11) questionnaire was used for scoring anxiety, stress and depression. For analyzing the collected data were entered into SPSS version 13. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean age of the participants in the study was 30.27 ± 8.7, the mean duration of lesion was 23.5±53.52 months and the mean recurrence rate was 1.4±2.2. From 100 participants in the study, 36 (36%) were women and 64 (64%) were men. The mean score of depression (6.8 vs 4.6), anxiety score (6.08 vs 3.5) and stress score (10.06 vs 8.06) were found to be significantly different between the two groups. Also, in women and in the age range of 17-29 years, the mean of depression and anxiety scores was significantly different in the two groups (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: According to results, it can be concluded that the frequency of depression, anxiety and stress in the patients with alopecia areata is significantly more than the control group.

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Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Fracture Admitted to Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan

Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research ◽

10.5812/amh.108052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mansour Karajibani ◽

Farzaneh Montazerifar ◽

Faezeh Kazemi ◽

Ali Reza Dashipour

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

The Mean

Background: Caused by an imbalance in the body’s oxidant and antioxidant status, oxidative stress can give rise to tissue damage and exacerbation of many diseases. Objectives: This study investigated the oxidative stress markers in patients with fractures and healthy subjects. Methods: In a cross-sectional case-control study, 40 patients with fractures admitted to an orthopedic ward and 40 healthy, non-fractured patients were selected using convenience sampling. Serum was analyzed for oxidant and antioxidant activities based on standard methods. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference in mean TAC between the case (748.2 ± 302.83 μmol/L) and control (984.90 ± 207.02 μmol/L) groups (P = 0.003). The mean MDA was 16.61 ± 4.16 µmol/L in the case group and 18.45 ± 5.43 µmol/L in the control group (P = 0.09). The mean SOD was 63.41 ± 16.67 U/g Hb in the case group and 58.54 ± 21.83 U/g Hb in the control group (P = 0.2). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of BMI and other variables. Conclusions: A significant difference existed in TAC between the two groups, which indicated increased oxidative stress in patients. However, oxidative stress could occur before and after undergoing fractures. The results suggested a slight, but not significant, difference between the two groups in the SOD and MDA scores. More conclusive results are required to determine the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers of oxidative stress in larger sample sizes and during different stages of treatment.

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