scholarly journals EFFECTS OF BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION IN LARGE AND SMALL MUSCLE GROUPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Sacha Clael ◽  
Matheus Barros ◽  
Mateus Medeiros Leite ◽  
Maurílio Tiradentes Dutra ◽  
Gleyverton Landim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Training Methodologies ◽  
Large Muscle

ABSTRACT Introduction It is known that strength training brings improvements in health and sports performance by causing muscle hypertrophy and increased strength, as well as modifying some hemodynamic and physiological factors. Several strength training methodologies have been developed, one of which is vascular occlusion. There are few studies with large muscle groups due to poor adherence to the training style and the fact that vascular occlusion of large muscle groups is more difficult. Objective To verify and compare the hemodynamic effects of exercise with and without vascular occlusion in different muscle groups. Methods Quantitative crossover study, with cross-sectional and field procedures. The sample consisted of 10 physically active healthy male and female subjects between 18 and 30 years of age. With the cross-over design, all the volunteers participated in 3 groups: intervention with vascular occlusion, intervention without vascular occlusion and the control group. Results Overall, lactate and cholesterol remained elevated after 15 minutes of recovery and blood glucose and blood pressure did not vary among the groups. Conclusion Vascular occlusion training is an effective method for manipulating hemodynamic variables. Evidence level II; Clinical study.

scholarly journals Differences in Trunk Kinematic between Frail and Nonfrail Elderly Persons during Turn Transition Based on a Smartphone Inertial Sensor

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Galán-Mercant ◽  
Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active

Objective. Firstly, to, through instrumentation with theiPhone4smartphone, measure and describe variability of tridimensional acceleration, angular velocity, and displacement of the trunk in the turn transition during the ten-meter Extended Timed-Get-up-and-Go test in two groups of frail and physically active elderly persons. Secondly, to analyse the differences and performance of the variance between the study groups during turn transition (frail and healthy).Design. This is a cross-sectional study of 30 subjects over 65 years, 14 frail subjects, and 16 healthy subjects.Results. Significant differences were found between the groups of elderly persons in the accelerometry (P<0.01) and angular displacement variables (P<0.05), obtained in the kinematic readings of the trunk during the turning transitions. The results obtained in this study show a series of deficits in the frail elderly population group.Conclusions. The inertial sensor found in theiPhone4is able to study and analyse the kinematics of the turning transitions in frail and physically active elderly persons. The accelerometry values for the frail elderly are lower than the physically active elderly, whilst variability in the readings for the frail elderly is also lower than the control group.

scholarly journals Music ergogenic effect on strength performance: randomized clinical test

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matheus Henrique de Abreu Araújo ◽  
Jairo Teixeira Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Espíndola Mota Venâncio ◽  
Grassyara Pinho Tolentino ◽  
William Alves Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Minimum Interval ◽  
Performance Pattern

Background: Using preferred music during the exercise series was a differentiated way to increase muscle performance and fatigue slowdown, increasing the number of repetitions in these exercises. Despite of some studies present the effects of music, there is still a little music influence in strength training. Objectives: Verify the music effect on the strength performance in young adults, and the relation with the preferences of muscular grouping according to gender. Methods: a cross-sectional, controlled and crossover study was carried out with 20 physically active young adult participants (10 men). After previous laboratory evaluations, they underwent two exercise sessions, one experimental, where the participant performed 3 maximum series of exercises Barbell Curl and Leg Extensor seat listening to songs of their own choosing and another control session without music, adopting the series with greater repetition in each exercise for analysis. A minimum interval of 48 hours was adopted between each session. The protocol order (i.e. with music or without music) was made by the raffle. In the sessions, participants were asked to perform the maximum number of repetitions at 80% of the load determined in the laboratory. Results: The use of their preferred music significantly increased the number of repetitions in the two exercises, however, the preferences for muscular clusters characterized by the genders proved to be a determining variable. Conclusion: With the increasing of repetitions it was possible to observe an ergogenic resource to increase the performance in strength training, thus, a differentiated performance pattern was found between men and women in arm exercises when they use music.

Back Pain in Rowers: A Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence, Pain Characteristics and Risk Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Trompeter ◽  
Daniela Fett ◽  
Petra Platen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Pain Prevalence ◽  
Pain Characteristics ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Objectives To establish the prevalence of back pain in rowers at different competition levels and rowing typologies compared with a non-rowing control group; to determine different time periods, the location on the spine, and different pain characteristics. Additionally to evaluated different risk factors that might be responsible for back pain. Methods A standardized and validated online back pain questionnaire was sent to elite and non-elite rowers of different rowing typologies, and a physically active non-rowing control group. Results Responses from 156 rowers (104 elite and 52 non-elite/ 49 scull and 76 sweep rowers) and 166 controls were received. Back pain prevalence and severity was significantly higher among rowers compared with controls, and among scull compared with sweep rowers. The lower back was the main location of back pain in rowers of all competition levels and typologies, and in controls. Age, sex, and training volume influenced the prevalence of back pain. Rowing kinematics, strength, and ergometer training were the main associated risk factors for back pain in rowers. Conclusions Back pain in different spinal locations is a common complaint in rowers of different typologies and competition levels. Rowing kinematics, strength, and ergometer training are the main associated risk factors for developing back pain in rowers. Thus, the spinal load due to rowing kinematics and different types of training should be investigated in future studies. Additionally, training should be monitored by experienced coaches to prevent back pain due to technical mistakes or too-heavy loads.

Effects of strength and endurance training on thigh and leg muscle mass and composition in elderly women

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sipila ◽  
H. Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Muscle

The effects of 18 wk of intensive strength and endurance training on knee extensor, knee flexor, and lower leg muscle mass and composition were studied in 76- to 78-yr-old women. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), lean tissue CSA, and relative proportion of fat were determined using computed tomography. The strength-trained women increased their total muscle lean tissue CSA of the thigh (1.5%; P = 0.035), quadriceps CSA (4.5%; P = 0.021), quadriceps lean tissue CSA (5.8%, P = 0.009), and mean Hounsfield unit of the lower leg muscles (11.2%; P = 0.035) compared with the changes that occurred in the control group during the experiment. The change in quadriceps lean tissue CSA because of the strength training was also significant compared with that in the endurance group. The relative proportion of fat within the quadriceps muscle decreased due to the strength training compared with the changes that occurred in the endurance group. The results show that intensive strength training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy in elderly women and thereby also reduce the relative amount of intramuscular fat, whereas the effects of endurance training are negligible.

scholarly journals Hand-Held Dynamometry to Safely Measure Muscle Strength in Patients In Intensive Care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balbino Rivail Ventura Nepomuceno Júnior ◽  
Kamilla Ribeiro Bastos dos Santos ◽  
Jailson de Souza Santos Júnior ◽  
Deisimar Fernandes de Almeida ◽  
Roberto Moreno de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Muscle Imbalance ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Muscle

Abstract Background: Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) has been increasingly studied and associated with prognostic factors of negative outcomes during the hospitalization of critically ill patients. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the muscle strength of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with accurate quantitative tools, such as the hand-held dynamometer (HHD), which directly measures the strength of large muscle groups, providing earlier and more accurate decision making. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety of using HHD to measure the strength of large muscle groups in ICU patients, in addition to determining the prevalence of muscle imbalance in these patients, and correlating HHD measures with the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, inferring the impact of strength measurement of the main muscle groups using HHD on vital signs, dyspnea, and pain. The occurrence of adverse events during the evaluation was also observed. Safety was assessed using the paired t-test, calculating the prevalence of muscle imbalance in the sample and Pearson’s correlation between the strength measurement instruments. Results: The sample consisted of 46 volunteers, and no clinically significant variability was observed for pre- and post-safety variables. A high prevalence of muscle imbalance was found in the sample, and there was a strong correlation between HHD and MRC. Discussion: Strength measurement using HHD in the ICU is safe and well-tolerated, providing information on the individual condition of large muscle groups and improving the ability to diagnose muscle imbalance in the ICU patients.

Compression Garment-induced Leg Changes Increase Hemodynamic Responses in Healthy Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. W. Lee ◽  
Helen Ka Wai Law ◽  
Ajmol Ali ◽  
Sinead E. Sheridan ◽  
Stephen H. S. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThis study evaluated the morphological changes of the lower limb and associated hemodynamic responses to different lower-body compression pressures (COMPs) in physically active, healthy individuals at rest. Each of the 32 participants underwent three trials with three different degrees of lower-body compression applied: “Low” (2.2±1.4 mmHg), “Medium” (12.9±3.9 mmHg), and “High” (28.8±8.3 mmHg). In each COMP, a cross-sectional area of leg muscles (CSAmuscle), subcutaneous fat (CSAfat), superficial vessels (SupV), deep arteries (DA), and deep veins (DV) at the calf, knee, and thigh levels were measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additionally, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were measured using Doppler ultrasound (USCOM®). With High COMP, calf CSAmuscle and SupV were smaller (p<0.01), whereas DA and DV were larger (p<0.05). Calf CSAfat, however, was similar among all COMPs. There were no major changes in CSAmuscle and CSAfat at knee and thigh levels. CO (3.2±0.9 L/min) and SV (51.9±16.4 mL) were higher (p<0.05) only with High COMP, but other hemodynamic variables showed no significant changes across different COMPs. The High COMP at the lower limb induces leg morphological changes and increases associated hemodynamic responses of physically active healthy individuals at rest.

scholarly journals Impact of sports activities on respiratory function and mechanics in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Renata Maba Gonçalves ◽  
Letícia Goulart Ferreira ◽  
Maíra Seabra de Assumpção ◽  
Camila Isabel Santos Schivinski
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sports Activities

Abstract Introduction: Being physically active in childhood may improve the quality of life in adulthood. So, it is extremely important to evaluate the respiratory function and mechanics of children who participate in sports activities, in order to determine the impact of physical activity on airway resistance. Objective: To analyze measures of respiratory function and mechanics in children who participate (PG) and who do not participate (CG) in sports activities regularly, as well as to compare and correlate the results. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study of healthy school-aged children aged 6 to 12 years, assessed by impulse oscillometry tests (IOS) and spirometry. The sample was divided into PG and CG. The Student’s t-Test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups according to normality of data tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The correlation between the tests and age, sex, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) was performed using Pearson’s and Spearman correlation coefficient. Statistical data were processed by the SPSS® software, considering significance level at p < 0.05. Results: Forty children participated in the study, 20 in each group, with no differences regarding age, sex, weight, height and BMI. There were significant differences in FEF25-75% (CG: 94.19% ± 13.08 x PG: 101.75% ± 17.44, p = 0.049), and oscillometry data did not differ between both groups. Sex correlated with total airway resistance (R5 - p = 0.049, r = 0.314). Conclusion: In the group with children who participated in sports activities, FEF25-75% was higher, compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Concurrent training effect on muscle fibers in Wistar rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson Chacon Castoldi ◽  
Regina Celi Trindade Camargo ◽  
Alan José Barbosa Magalhães ◽  
Guilherme Akio Tamura Ozaki ◽  
Fábio Yoshikazu Kodama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Test

The aim of the present study was to determine the modeling of muscle fibers in rats submitted to different exercise protocols. Fifty-five Wistar rats were submitted divided into four different groups: Control group (CG; N=16); endurance training group (ETG; N=13), strength training group (STG; N=13) and concurrent training group (CTG; N=13). The intensity of endurance training was determined by the critical workload. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparisons, followed by Dunn's post test (p<0.05). All animals submitted to training exhibited an increase in the cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers. The largest increase (p>0.05) occurred in the STG and CTG at both four (mean:2952,95 ± 878,39 mean:2988,84 ± 822,58) and eight weeks respectively (mean:3020,26 ± 800.91; mean:3104,91 ± 817,87). The findings demonstrate similar results obtained with strength training and concurrent training, with a greater increase in muscle fiber area in both groups in comparison to the control group and group submitted to endurance training.

scholarly journals Chronic Effects of Different Intensities of Interval Training on Hemodynamic, Autonomic and Cardiorespiratory Variables of Physically Active Elderly People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Sant'Ana ◽  
Jeferson Vianna ◽  
Aline Ribeiro ◽  
Natália Reis ◽  
João Guilherme Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables ◽  
Chronic Effects

Abstract Background Interval training is an important strategy for promoting physiological adaptations. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the chronic effects of interval training (TI) with different intensities on hemodynamic, autonomic and cardiorespiratory variables of physically active elderly people. Methods Twenty-four physically active older men (age: 68.8 ± 6.8 years, body mass: 74.4 ± 18.1 kg, height: 170 ± 8 m, body mass index: 25.1 ± 2.2 kg / m²) participated in the study. Participants were randomized into three experimental groups: training group A (TGA, n = 8), training group B (TGB, n = 8), and control group (GC, n = 8). TGA and TGB groups performed 32 training sessions separated by a 48-hour interval. TGA showed 4-min with intensity relative to 55 to 60% of the HRmax and 1-min at 70 to 75% of the HRmax. TGB training group performed the same protocol but performed 4-min at 45 to 50% HRmax and 1-min at 60 to 65% HRmax. Both training groups performed each series for six times, totaling 30-min per session. The evaluations were carried out in the pre (baseline) moments after the 16th and 32nd intervention sessions. GC only carried out assessments. Hemodynamic variables (HRR, SBP, DBP, MBP, and DP), autonomic (HRV indices, in the time and frequency domain), and cardiorespiratory (VO2max estimated) variables were evaluated. Results There were no statistically significant differences in comparisons between protocols and moments (p > 0.05). However, the size of the effect and the percentage delta indicated clinical results with relevant magnitudes between protocols and moments, indicating favorable responses to the IT intervention in hemodynamic, autonomic, and cardiorespiratory variables. Conclusion IT can be an essential strategy in the prescription of training for conditional improvement of variables of cardioprotective function in physically active and healthy older people. However, other studies are suggested to establish the efficiency of this method for cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory variables in the elderly.

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