scholarly journals Mosquitocidal activities of Chenopodium botrys whole plant n-hexane extract against Culex quinquefasciatus

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ilahi ◽  
A. M. Yousafzai ◽  
M. Attaullah ◽  
T. U. Haq ◽  
A. Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Oviposition Deterrent ◽  
Adulticidal Activity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Abstract This research aimed to investigate various mosquitocidal activities of Chenopodium botrys whole- plant n-hexane extract against Culex quinquefasciatus. The extract showed remarkable larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, oviposition deterrent and adult emergence inhibitory activities against Cx. quinquefasciatus. During the larvicidal and pupicidal activities, the 24-hour lethal concentration (LC50) of extract against 2nd instar larvae, 4th instar larvae and pupae were 324.6, 495.6 and 950.8 ppm, respectively. During the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) bottle bioassay for adulticidal activity, the median knockdown times (KDT50) at 1.25% concentration was 123.4 minutes. During the filter paper impregnation bioassay for adulticidal activity, the KDT50 value at 0.138 mg/cm2 concentration was 48.6 minutes. The extract was fractionated into 14 fractions through silica gel column chromatography which were then combined into six fractions on the basis of similar retention factor (Rf) value. These fractions were screened for adulticidal activity by applying CDC bottle bioassay. The fraction obtained through 60:40 to 50:50% n-hexanes-chloroform mobile phase with 0.5 Rf value showed 100% adulticidal activity at 0.2% concentration. During oviposition deterrent activity, the highest concentration (1000 ppm) showed 71.3 ± 4.4% effective repellence and 0.6 ± 0.1 oviposition activity index. During adult emergence inhibition activity, the median emergence inhibition (EI50) value was 312.3 ppm. From the outcome of the present investigation, it is concluded that the n-hexane extract of C. botrys whole- plant possesses strong larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, oviposition deterrent and adult emergence inhibitory activities against Cx. quinquefasciatus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hexane Extract of Tuber of Root ofCyperus rotundusLinn (Cyperaceae) for Repellency against Mosquito Vectors

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Singh ◽  
K. Raghavendra ◽  
A. P. Dash
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Tuber Extract

Hexane extract of tuber of plantCyperus rotundus(Cyperaceae) was screened under laboratory conditions for repellent activity against mosquito vectorAnopheles culicifaciesGiles species A (Diptera: Culicidae),Anopheles stephensiListon (Diptera: Culicidae), andCulex quinquefasciatusSay (Diptera: Culicidae). TheCyperus rotundustuber extract was used to determine their effect on mosquito vector, and comparison with the DEET (NN Diethyl 1-3 methyl Benzamide, formerly known as diethyl 1-m-toluamide). The tuber extracts showed more effective at all the dose. Result obtained from the laboratory experiment showed that the tuber extracts are more effective for repellency of allthe mosquito vector even at low dose. Clear dose response relationships were established with the highest dose of 10% tuber extract evoking 100% repellency. Percent protection obtained againstAn. culicifaciesGiles species A 100% repellency in 4 hours, 6 hours,An. stephensi100% repellency in 6 hours andCx. quinquefasciatuswas 100% repellency in 6 hours at the 10% concentration. Against DEET- 2.5%An. culicifaciesA 100% repellency in 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, An.stephensihave shown 100% repellency in 6 hours, andCulex quinquefasciatushave shown 100% repellency in 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours. The consolidated data of the repellency observed in different species is given and it is evident that the over all repellency rates varied between 80 and 100% for different repellents concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%). The extract can be applied as an effective personal protective measure against mosquito bites.

RNAi-Mediated Screening of Selected Target Genes Against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed M S Khalil ◽  
Kashif Munawar ◽  
Azzam M Alahmed ◽  
Ahmed M A Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lethal Genes

Abstract Culex quinquefasciatus, a member of the Culex pipiens complex, is widespread in Saudi Arabia and other parts of the world. It is a vector for lymphatic filariasis, Rift Valley fever, and West Nile virus. Studies have shown the deleterious effect of RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of various lethal genes in model and agricultural pest insects. RNAi was proposed as a tool for mosquito control with a focus on Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. In this study, we examined the effect of RNAi of selected target genes on both larval mortality and adult emergence of Cx. quinquefasciatus through two delivery methods: soaking and nanoparticles. Ten candidate genes were selected for RNAi based on their known lethal effect in other insects. Disruption of three genes, chitin synthase-1, inhibitor of apoptosis 1, and vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase, resulted in the highest mortality among the selected genes using the two treatment methods. Silencing the other seven genes resulted in a medium to low mortality in both assays. These three genes are also active against a wide range of insects and could be used for RNAi-based mosquito control in the future.

Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 1757-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadarkarai Murugan ◽  
Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Kalimuthu Kovendan ◽  
Duraisamy Amerasan ◽  
Jayapal Subrmaniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Adulticidal Activity ◽  
Orange Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

scholarly journals Synbiotic Supplementation Containing Whole Plant Sugar Cane Fibre and Probiotic Spores Potentiates Protective Synergistic Effects in Mouse Model of IBD

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanvi Shinde ◽  
Agampodi Promoda Perera ◽  
Ravichandra Vemuri ◽  
Shakuntla V. Gondalia ◽  
Avinash V. Karpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Synbiotic Supplementation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing global incidence. Synbiotic, which is a two-point approach carrying probiotic and prebiotic components in mitigating inflammation in IBD, is thought to be a pragmatic approach owing to the synergistic outcomes. In this study, the impacts of dietary supplementation with probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores (B. coagulans) and prebiotic whole plant sugar cane fibre (PSCF) was assessed using a murine model of IBD. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet supplemented with either B. coagulans, PSCF or its synbiotic combination. After seven days of supplementation, colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for seven days during the continuation of the supplemented diets. Synbiotic supplementation ameliorated disease activity index and histological score (−72%, 7.38, respectively), more effectively than either B. coagulans (−47%, 10.1) and PSCF (−53%, 13.0) alone. Synbiotic supplementation also significantly (p < 0.0001) prevented the expression of tight junction proteins and modulated the altered serum IL-1β (−40%), IL-10 (+26%), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (−39%) levels. Synbiotic supplementations also raised the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profile more extensively compared to the unsupplemented DSS-control. The synbiotic health outcome effect of the probiotic and prebiotic combinations may be associated with a synergistic direct immune-regulating efficacy of the components, their ability to protect epithelial integrity, stimulation of probiotic spores by the prebiotic fibre, and/or with stimulation of greater levels of fermentation of fibres releasing SCFAs that mediate the reduction in colonic inflammation. Our model findings suggest synbiotic supplementation should be tested in clinical trials.

REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR CONE GALL MIDGE, CONTARINIA OREGONENSIS (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Miller ◽  
J. H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Oviposition Deterrent ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Standard Time ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe reproductive behaviour of the Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, was studied in the laboratory and in cages outdoors. Adult emergence began in mid-April outdoors and lasted about 2 weeks. Emergence began outdoors at 0600–0700 h Pacific Standard Time, peaked at 1100 h and continued until 1900 h; females dominated emergence early in the day. Mating occurred on or near the duff from which females emerged. Virgin females appeared to “call” males by extending their ovipositors and waving them back and forth, and this behaviour was followed by mating. Laboratory bioassay s using rinses of female abdomens gave further evidence that virgin females produce a sex pheromone. Oviposition behaviour on already infested conelets differed from that on uninfested conelets and suggested the presence of an oviposition deterrent. The mean number of eggs developed by the females was 254, 93% of which were usually laid during the life of the females.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF THE HEXANE EXTRACT FROM ACANTHOSPERMUM HISPIDUM (whole plant)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akoh, O. U ◽  
Mac-Kalunta O. M ◽  
Emewusim, C. M
Keyword(s):  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Entire Plant

Although Acanthospermum hispidum has long been considered as a competitive invasive weed of agricultural plantations, it has recently become a sought after raw material to manufacture syrups in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and fever. In the present study, the bioactive components of Acanthospermum hispidium entire plant have been accessed via GC-MS analysis. Six compounds from the hexane extract of the whole plant were identified. The most prevalent are glycerine (100.00%), 1-benzoypiperidine (40.26%) and erythritol (15.79%). Phytochemical screening investigation carried out using standard procedures showed the presence of Alkaloids, Steriods, Saponnins, Tannin, Flavonoids, Phenol, Terpenoids.

scholarly journals Entomological Survey of the Mosquitoes in an Area of Ecological TOurism in the Brazilian Amazon Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia F. Brilhante ◽  
Aristides Fernandes ◽  
Jailson F. Souza ◽  
Marcia B. DE Paula ◽  
Leonardo A. K. Melchior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Ecological Tourism

ABSTRACT Mosquitoes have a great epidemiological importance, since females of several species transmit etiological agents of human diseases, such as malaria and arboviruses. In Brazil, the state of Acre has been highlighted in recent years for its high incidence of diseases of relevance to public health, such as malaria, dengue, and leishmaniases, whose etiological agents are transmitted by insect vectors, including mosquitoes. Nevertheless, few studies have been carried out on the mosquito fauna in Acre State; this study aims to identify the culicid fauna of an ecological tourism area of the municipality of Xapuri, Acre State, Brazilian Amazon. Mosquito collections were carried out monthly at the Seringal Cachoeira settlement, between April 2014 and March 2015 using 6 automatic Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps, one in each ecotope. During the study period, 1,021 specimens belonging to the genera Aedeomyia, Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, Orthopodomyia, Psorophora, Trichoprosopon, and Uranotaenia were collected. The genus Culex was predominant, Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus being the most frequent species, followed by Cx. (Melanoconion) gnomatos. The importance of these findings is discussed.

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