scholarly journals Potential Hepatoprotective Effect of Cheatomorpha gracilis extract against High Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Liver Damage, and its characterization by HPLC

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Brahmi ◽  
A. Feriani ◽  
M. Ben Ali ◽  
A. Hedfi ◽  
A. Elleuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
High Fat

Abstract The current investigation was carried out to estimate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Cheatomorpha gracilis (AEC) against High fat Diet (HFD) induced liver damage in mice. The results of the in vitro study showed that AEC have higher antioxidant capacities in the DPPH and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assays. Indeed, many phenolic compounds (gallic acid, quercetin, naringenin, apigenin, kaempferol and rutin) were identified in the AEC. In the animal studies, during 6 weeks, HFD promoted oxidative stress with a rise level of malonaldehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCOs) levels and a significant decrease of the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Interestingly, the treatment with AEC (250 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the effects of HFD disorders on some plasmatic liver biomarkers (AST, ALT and ALP) in addition to, plasmatic proteins inflammatory biomarkers (α2 and β1 decreases / β2 and γ globulins increases). It can be suggest that supplementation of MECG displays high potential to quench free radicals and attenuates high fat diet promoted liver oxidative stress and related disturbances.

scholarly journals Metabolic Stress Alters Antioxidant Systems, Suppresses the Adiponectin Receptor 1 and Induces Alzheimer’s Like Pathology in Mice Brain

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Jong Ryeal Hahm ◽  
Myeung Hoon Jo ◽  
Rahat Ullah ◽  
Min Woo Kim ◽  
Myeong Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Adiponectin Receptor ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Embryonic Mouse

Oxidative stress and insulin resistance play major roles in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A high-fat diet induces obesity-associated oxidative stress, neuronal insulin resistance, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation, which are considered important risk factors for neurodegeneration. Obesity-related metabolic dysfunction is a risk factor for cognitive decline. The present study aimed to elucidate whether chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD; 24 weeks) can induce insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition in mouse brains. Male C57BL/6N mice were used for a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced pre-clinical model of obesity. The protein expression levels were examined via Western blot, immunofluorescence, and the behavior analysis was performed using the Morris water maze test. To obtain metabolic parameters, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance tests were performed. We found that metabolic perturbations from the chronic consumption of HFD elevated neuronal oxidative stress and insulin resistance through adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1) suppression in HFD-fed mice. Similarly, our in vitro results also indicated that knockdown of AdipoR1 in the embryonic mouse hippocampal cell line mHippoE-14 leads to increased oxidative stress in neurons. In addition, HFD markedly increased neuroinflammatory markers’ glial activation in the cortex and hippocampus regions of HFD mouse brains. More importantly, we observed that AdipoR1 suppression increased the amyloidogenic pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, deregulated synaptic proteins and behavioral deficits were observed in the HFD mouse brains. Taken together, our findings suggest that excessive consumption of an HFD has a profound impact on brain function, which involves the acceleration of cognitive impairment due to increased obesity-associated oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation, which ultimately may cause early onset of Alzheimer’s pathology via the suppression of AdipoR1 signaling in the brain.

scholarly journals The selective NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 hinders atherosclerosis development by attenuating inflammation and pyroptosis in macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyun Zeng ◽  
Danbin Wu ◽  
Yingxin Sun ◽  
Yanrong Suo ◽  
Qun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Atherosclerosis Development

AbstractNLRP3 inflammasome is a vital player in macrophages pyroptosis, which is a type of proinflammatory cell-death and takes part in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, we used apoE−/− mice and ox-LDL induced THP-1 derived macrophages to explore the mechanisms of MCC950, a selective NLRP3 inhibitor in treating atherosclerosis. For the in vivo study, MCC950 was intraperitoneal injected to 8-week-old apoE−/− mice fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks. For the in vitro study, THP-1 derived macrophages were treated with ox-LDL and MCC950 for 48 h. MCC950 administration reduced plaque areas and macrophages contents, but did not improve the serum lipid profiles in aortic root of apoE−/− mice. MCC950 inhibited the activation of NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1/GSDMD-N axis, and alleviated macrophages pyroptosis and the production of IL-1β and IL-18 both in aorta and in cell lysates. However, MCC950 did not affect the expression of TLR4 or the mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream proteins, suggesting that MCC950 had no effects on the priming of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. The anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of MCC950 on attenuating macrophages inflammation and pyroptosis involved in inhibiting the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, rather than interrupting its priming.

scholarly journals Raspberry Polyphenolic Extract Regulates Obesogenic Signals in Hepatocytes

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Fotschki ◽  
José Laparra ◽  
Michał Sójka
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Experimental Treatments

The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effect of raspberry polyphenolic extract on the immune-metabolic molecular mechanisms activated by obesity-related signals in hepatocytes (HB-8965®). Alterations in endosomal/lysosomal activity (neutral red uptake assay, NR), the expression of selected genes involved with lipid oxidation, and metabolism and inflammation processes in the liver were studied. Hepatocytes were treated with plasma collected from Wistar rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HF), raspberry polyphenolic extract (PP), serine-type protease inhibitors as an agonist of TLR4 (TD) or a combination of PP with HF or TD treatments. The PP added to the experimental treatments modulated hepatic immune-metabolic mechanisms through the upregulation of STAT1, ANGPTL4, and CD44, as well as considerably reducing the NR uptake and downregulation of COX-2 and the multifunctional protein AhR. The kinetic analysis of AhR expression revealed that HF-related molecular mechanisms activated AhR mRNA expression earlier than PP initiated the regulatory effect. In conclusion, PP might be considered a valuable dietary agent that regulates obesity-related signals in hepatocytes. Moreover, taking AhR kinetic behavior into consideration, it can be assumed that PP might modulate the severity of the HF-induced downstream metabolic signaling of AhR.

Effect of dietary curcumin and capsaicin on testicular and hepatic oxidant–antioxidant status in rats fed a high-fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 774-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevda Tanrıkulu-Küçük ◽  
Canan Başaran-Küçükgergin ◽  
Muhammed Seyithanoğlu ◽  
Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu ◽  
Hikmet Koçak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
High Fat

This study investigated the effects of curcumin and capsaicin on testicular and hepatic oxidant–antioxidant status in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (8 rats per group). The control group was fed a normal control diet (standard laboratory chow), the HFD group was fed HFD (60% of total calories from fat), the HFD+CUR group received HFD supplemented with curcumin (1.5 g curcumin/kg HFD), the HFD+CAP group was given HFD supplemented with capsaicin (0.15 g capsaicin/kg HFD), and the HFD+CUR+CAP group received HFD supplemented with curcumin and capsaicin for 16 weeks. Hepatic and testicular thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione transferase activity, and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase protein expression and enzyme activities were measured. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting. GSH levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured with colorimetric methods. HFD slightly increased hepatic and testicular oxidative stress parameters. GSH levels did not change between groups. TBARS and ROS levels were significantly reduced in the HFD+CUR+CAP group compared with the HFD group. Liver and testis antioxidant enzyme activities and expression increased significantly with combined capsaicin and curcumin treatment. Curcumin and capsaicin treatment attenuated testicular and hepatic oxidative stress and enhanced the antioxidant defense system. The combination of capsaicin and curcumin with HFD seems to have some remarkable and beneficial effects on testicular oxidative damage in the fatty liver rat model.

Dendrobium moniliforme Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Renal Damage in Mice through the Regulation of Lipid-Induced Oxidative Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (06) ◽  
pp. 1217-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woojung Lee ◽  
Dae-Woon Eom ◽  
Yujung Jung ◽  
Noriko Yamabe ◽  
Seungyong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
High Fat

Obesity is an important and preventable risk factor for renal disease. The administration of an antioxidant with a lipid-lowering effect is an important therapeutic approach for kidney disease in obese patients. The present study was conducted to examine whether methanolic extract of Dendrobium moniliforme (DM), one of the most famous traditional medicines used in many parts of the world, has an antioxidant effect in vitro and an ameliorative effect on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced alterations such as renal dysfunction and lipid accumulation in vivo. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of DM extract (IC50 = 29.6 μg/mL) was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The LLC-PK1 kidney cell damage induced by oxidative stress was significantly inhibited by the treatments with DM extract. In the animal study, DM extract (200 mg/kg) was orally administered every day for nine weeks to HFD-fed mice, and its effect was compared with that of metformin. The administration of DM extract decreased the elevated serum glucose, total cholesterol concentration and renal lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice. It also ameliorated renal dysfunction biomarkers including serum creatinine and renal collagen IV deposition. Taken together, these results provide important evidence that DM extract exhibits a pleiotropic effect on obesity induced parameters and exerted a renoprotective effect in HFD-fed mice.

Antioxidant and Anti-Atherogenic Properties of Hawthorn Vinegar in Drosophila melanogaster Fed a High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Kubra Sayin ◽  
Eda Gunes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life Span ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Triterpene Saponins ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases

Consumption of vinegar has been associated with protection against hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Hawthorn is a medicinal plant with hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, digestive modulator, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardiac stimulant, and hypotensive properties. Therefore, Hawthorn vinegar rich in bioactives (epicatechin, triterpene, saponins, oligomeric procyanidins, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids) may present a greater value as a functional food for the management of lifestyle diseases. Drosophila melanogaster, when placed on a high-fat diet, exhibit decreased life span and increased antioxidant enzymes. In this high-fat diet fly model, the Hawthorn vinegar led to a significant increase in mean life span, antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduction in malonyldialdehyde level. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme II activities, the measures of antiglycemic and antihypertensive potentials, respectively.

scholarly journals Deuterium-Depleted Water as Adjuvant Therapeutic Agent for Treatment of Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Halenova ◽  
Igor Zlatskiy ◽  
Anton Syroeshkin ◽  
Tatiana Maximova ◽  
Tatiana Pleteneva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Deuterium Depleted Water ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Body Weight Index

In this study, we present the potential application of deuterium-depleted water (DDW) for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of obesity in rats. We tested the hypothesis that DDW can alleviate diet-induced obesity (DIO) and its associated metabolic impairments. Rats fed a high-fat diet had an increased body weight index (BWI), glucose concentration, and level of certain proinflammatory cytokines; decreased levels of insulin in the serum; decreased tryptophan and serotonin in the brain, and a decreased concentration of some heavy metals in the liver. Drinking DDW at a concentration of 10 ppm deuterium/protium (D/H) ad libitum for 3 weeks restored the BWI, glucose (serum), tryptophan (brain), and serotonin (brain) levels and concentration of Zn in the liver in the DIO animals to those of the controls. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ) and anti-inflammatory TNFα were decreased in DIO rats, while anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) levels remained at the control levels, which is indicative of a pathophysiological syndrome. In contrast, in groups of rats treated with DDW, a significant increase in anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) and proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ) was observed. This finding indicates a reduction in systemic inflammation in obese animals treated with DDW. Similarly, the high-fat diet caused an increased level of oxidative stress products, which was accompanied by decreased activity of both superoxide dismutase and catalase, whereas the administration of DDW decreased the level of oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities.

scholarly journals By-Products from Winemaking and Olive Mill Value Chains for the Enrichment of Refined Olive Oil: Technological Challenges and Nutraceutical Features

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1390
Author(s):  
Monica Macaluso ◽  
Alessandro Bianchi ◽  
Chiara Sanmartin ◽  
Isabella Taglieri ◽  
Francesca Venturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Refined Olive Oil ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
By Products

A growing body of literature is available about the valorization of food by-products to produce functional foods that combine the basic nutritional impact with the improvement of the health status of consumers. In this context, this study had two main objectives: (i) An innovative multistep extraction process for the production of a refined olive oil enriched with phenolic compounds (PE-ROO) extracted from olive pomace, olive leaves, or grape marc was presented and discussed. (ii) The most promising PE-ROOs were selected and utilized in in vitro and in vivo trials in order to determine their effectiveness in the management of high fat diet-induced-metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in rats. The best results were obtained when olive leaves were used as source of phenols, regardless of the chemical composition of the solvent utilized for the extraction. Furthermore, while ethanol/hexane mixture was confirmed as a good solvent for the extraction of phenols compounds soluble in oil, the mix ROO/ethanol also showed a good extracting power from olive leaves. Besides, the ROO enriched with phenols extracted from olive leaves revealed an interesting beneficial effect to counteract high fat diet-induced-metabolic disorder and oxidative stress in rats, closely followed by ROO enriched by utilizing grape marc.

Melatonin chelates iron and binds directly with phenylhydrazine to provide protection against phenylhydrazine induced oxidative damage in red blood cells along with its antioxidant mechanisms: an in vitro study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Paul ◽  
Shamreen Naaz ◽  
Arnab Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Sanatan Mishra ◽  
Aindrila Chattopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Protective Effects

Oxidative stress is an important causative factor for a number of diseases. Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) is a widely accepted model for studying hemolytic anemia by induction of oxidative stress. In the present study, goat red blood cells (RBCs) were incubated in vitro with PHZ (1mM) to generate oxidative stress. To test whether melatonin exhibits protective effects on PHZ induced RBC damage and to explore its potential molecular mechanisms, different concentrations of melatonin (5, 10, 20 and 40 nmoles/ml) were also included. PHZ caused altered profiles on biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidative as well as glucose metabolic enzymes in RBCs. These alterations indicated a development of oxidative stress. Melatonin at a concentration of 40 nmoles/ml provided optimal protection against all alterations induced by PHZ. The important cellular membrane proteins, including spectrin and actin, were also damaged by PHZ and this led to RBC deformation similar to that of observed in severe β-thalassaemia; the RBC deformation was also prevented by melatonin. Binding profiles of melatonin with PHZ and ferrous iron indicated favorable binding of melatonin with both of them, respectively. Thus, in addition to the direct antioxidant and free radical scavenging capability, melatonin also inhibited iron overloading by chelating iron and binding with the PHZ. This action of melatonin further reduces free radical generation. Based on the results, melatonin may provide therapeutic relevance to ß-thalassemia and other hemolytic RBC disorders involving oxidative stress. 

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