scholarly journals DISPARITY IN THE GROSS PRODUCTION VALUE OF NATIVE WOOD PRODUCTS OF THE PARAÍBA MESOREGIONS, BRAZIL (1994-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Moreira Coelho Junior ◽  
Edvaldo Pereira Santos Júnior ◽  
Luís Antônio Coimbra Borges ◽  
Maísa Santos Joaquim ◽  
Álvaro Nogueira de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
The State ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wood Extraction ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Specialized Region ◽  
Red Ceramics ◽  
Timber Product

ABSTRACT This paper analyzed the disparity in the gross production value of timber products from the state of Paraíba, Brazil, between 1994 and 2017. The indicators used were: the locational quotient (Lq), the coefficient of location (Cl), the coefficient of redistribution (Cred), the coefficient of geographic association (Cga), the coefficient of specialization (Cs) and the coefficient of restructuring (Cr). The results obtained indicated that wood was the main timber product extracted in the state of Paraíba, with the Sertão paraibano region being of greater relevance, increasing the disparity between the regions; the Cred pointed out greater change for charcoal extraction; the Mata Paraibana region was the most specialized region, especially for wood extraction; and the Borborema region presented the greatest restructuring in all studied periods. The study evidenced that the extraction of wood products mainly occurred in the more arid regions of the state with the purpose of population subsistence or industrial use, especially in the red ceramics and plaster segments for which wood can be used to generate heat and thermoelectric power.

scholarly journals Understanding the Use of Timber in Semi-Arid Regions: Kurdistan Region of Iraq, a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11845
Author(s):  
Mohanad Yaseen Abdulwahid ◽  
Isaac Galobardes ◽  
Hassan Radoine
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Timber Product

The use of timber in the building industry has expanded in many countries over the last 20 years due mainly to its light weight, low adverse impact to the environment, and fair mechanical properties. Despite the development of the construction industry in the Kurdistan Region in Iraq (KRI) in recent years, timber product utilization is still very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of further utilizing timber-based products in the building industry in semi-arid regions using the KRI as a case study. A review of timber product utilization in the region was conducted first and the general properties of timber products were followed. Based on this, a survey focusing on the current situation and suitability of localized grown timber products was carried out to study the feasibility. This article concludes that the use of timber-based products in the KRI presents different barriers, with the availability in the market and technicality of construction with the material being the strongest ones. The article recommends that it is imperative to further research how to promote timber’s utilization in the KRI to be in line with sustainable development.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of the beef cattle industry in the state of Pará, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Marcos Antônio Souza dos Santos ◽  
José De Brito Lourenço Júnior ◽  
Antônio Cordeiro de Santana ◽  
Alfredo Kingo Oyama Homma ◽  
Cyntia Meireles Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Productivity Gains

The state of Pará has the fifth largest cattle herd in Brazil at 20.3 million heads, and beef cattle breeding accounts for 44.32% of the agricultural production value. Using a recursive econometric model estimated by the generalized method of moments, we evaluated the effects of variables that define the supply and demand of slaughtered beef cattle from 1990 to 2015. The results showed that supply and demand were inelastic to prices. Increases in rural salary and calf prices negatively affected supply, and the response to rural credit applications occurred with a four-year lag due to the biological and technological characteristics of production systems. Deforestation tended to increase the supply of cattle and slaughterhouses appropriated the largest share of the economic surplus generated. There were productivity gains since the early 1990s, with the yield of slaughtered animals was 230.55 kg for cattle and 182.25 kg for cows, while currently, it is 276 and 202.5 kg, respectively. The creation of the Agriculture and Livestock Defense Agency of the State of Pará had a positive effect on the supply of cattle and the expansion of agroindustry structure, contributing to the supply of large markets with higher quality beef.

scholarly journals Environmental Product Declarations of Structural Wood: A Review of Impacts and Potential Pitfalls for Practice

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Freja Nygaard Rasmussen ◽  
Camilla Ernst Andersen ◽  
Alexandra Wittchen ◽  
Rasmus Nøddegaard Hansen ◽  
Harpa Birgisdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
Environmental Product Declarations ◽  
Timber Products

The use of wood and timber products in the construction of buildings is repeatedly pointed towards as a mean for lowering the environmental footprint. With several countries preparing regulation for life cycle assessment of buildings, practitioners from industry will presumably look to the pool of data on wood products found in environmental product declarations (EPDs). However, the EPDs may vary broadly in terms of reporting and results. This study provides a comprehensive review of 81 third-party verified EN 15804 EPDs of cross laminated timber (CLT), glulam, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and timber. The 81 EPDs represent 86 different products and 152 different product scenarios. The EPDs mainly represent European production, but also North America and Australia/New Zealand productions are represented. Reported global warming potential (GWP) from the EPDs vary within each of the investigated product categories, due to density of the products and the end-of-life scenarios applied. Median results per kg of product, excluding the biogenic CO2, are found at 0.26, 0.24, and 0.17 kg CO2e for CLT, glulam, and timber, respectively. Results further showed that the correlation between GWP and other impact categories is limited. Analysis of the inherent data uncertainty showed to add up to ±41% to reported impacts when assessed with an uncertainty method from the literature. However, in some of the average EPDs, even larger uncertainties of up to 90% for GWP are reported. Life cycle assessment practitioners can use the median values from this study as generic data in their assessments of buildings. To make the EPDs easier to use for practitioners, a more detailed coordination between EPD programs and their product category rules is recommended, as well as digitalization of EPD data.

scholarly journals Policy on Timber Legality Verification System for Sustainable Public Procurement and Green Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 10001
Author(s):  
Tuharno Tuharno ◽  
Hartuti Purnaweni ◽  
Fuad Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Verification System ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmental Interests

Forest natural resources in Indonesia are one of the contributors to the fulfilment of human life and development capital. However, the use of forest resources without regard to aspects of sustainability will cause damage and even extinction of the forest. Therefore, green products today have become stronger demands from various groups. The procurement of goods/services within the government has been implementing a Sustainable Public Procurement that fulfils 3 (three) aspects, namely, economic, social and environmental interests. This paper observes Timber Legality Verification System policies in supporting the provision of green products for the forestry sector and Sustainable Public Procurement that will support the achievement of sustainable development. Timber Legality Verification System policy guarantees the provision of wood products by wood processing industry that contributes to realizing good forest governance to combat illegal logging and illegal trade, as well as support improvement in environmental quality. One strategy in fulfilling green products and implementing a Sustainable Public Procurement is to use timber products that have been certified with timber legality. The policy for the use of certified wood products needs to be supported by the implementation rules and information on the list of green products and technical guidelines for the procurement.

scholarly journals State management of the national food security in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 08011
Author(s):  
Minh Duc Tran
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Food Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Status ◽  
Production Value ◽  
National Food Security

Ensuring national food security for the present and future under any circumstance is a current urgent and complicated issue in Vietnam in the context of climate change, disease and in the process of striving Vietnam to become an industrialized country towards modernization. Ensuring food security has become a legal issue for every country, including Vietnam. To ensure national food security, there is a need for a state management. Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing the status of regulations and applying the law in a state management of food security. Based on a comparison with the achievement of the goal of national food security in Vietnam, the article points out some of the current limitations and shortcomings in the State management of food security; then, proposes some solutions to improve the efficiency of the state management in this area, including: good management of planning production land for food; improve the state management apparatus of the national food security; increasing investment in infrastructure and scientific research serving food production; review the role and effectiveness of each stage in the food production value chain; improve policies to ensure a reasonable and stable profit for people who producer, storage, process and distribute food.

scholarly journals Analysis of the environmental impacts caused by fires in the state California from 1999 to 2017

2018 ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
João Vitaliano de Carvalho Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Conservation And Development ◽  
Wood Extraction ◽  
Leisure And Recreation

The primary objetive of this research has been the study of the multiple fires that have affected the State of California over the last decade. California is a region where collage the largest leading agricultural production and conservatio, military areas, wildlife reserves, cooperative plans for the conservation and development of wildlife and wildlife managed by the Navy. The Google tool was used has a search engine to obtaine the data througth articles and sites, as well as images obtained by remote sensing. It was noted that even today, a large number of fires in California are not justified by scientists in the agencies responsible for their extincion. The larger number of fires in California over the last decades an unprecedented destruction of homes and commercial establishments; areas of agriculture, livestock, leisure and recreation completely characterizing the region, despite the fact that so much wood extraction is common.

Survey on Use of Virtual Environments in Design and Manufacturing

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Assembly Design ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Industrial Use

Abstract This paper surveys the work being done in Virtual Environments (VE) in both design and manufacturing with an emphasis on the industrial use of Virtual Environments. Research and applications are categorized into seven major areas: prototyping and design visualization; verification of design assembly; design creation; concurrent product design and marketing; manufacturing; training and maintenance; and human factors in design. These seven categories are neither mutually exclusive nor collectively exhaustive. For each of these major areas, the paper discusses the issues and the state of the art, emphasizing recent significant advances.

scholarly journals INVENTORY OF MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN CONSERVATION UNITS IN BRAZILIAN TROPICAL DRY FORESTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleandson Ferreira SANTOS ◽  
Alex Chavier SILVA ◽  
Raquel Andrade RODRIGUES ◽  
Jamilli Sanndy Ramos de JESUS ◽  
Magno Augusto Zazá BORGES
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
New Records ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Semi Arid

In Brazil, most studies of the Culicidae family are concentrated in rainforest regions. As such, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the diversity of Culicidae in regions with different climatic and vegetational characteristics. The aim of this study was to compile an inventory of Culicidae in protected areas of the semi-arid region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in order to better understand the diversity of the family within this region. The study was conducted across four protected areas in the northern region of the state, in tropical dry forest (TDF) fragments. Sampling methods included Shannon trap and CDC light trap, as well as active collection. A total of 11,219 mosquito specimens were collected between August 2008 and July 2012, belonging to 11 genera and 45 species; 15 new records for the state of Minas Gerais were registered, as well as 26 new records for semi-arid regions within the state. The high number of new Culicidae records in this region demonstrates the importance of inventory studies for increasing the knowledge of culicid biodiversity in Minas Gerais, and in particular within semi-arid regions of the state.

scholarly journals Sustainable Public Spending Through Blockchain

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Judit Glavanits
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Industrial Use

Blockchain technology and its industrial use cases can be detected worldwide. It is time for the state to think about the blockchain as an opportunity to reduce costs and build trust in the public spending. The paper and the presentation give an overview on how the state can apply the distributed ledger technology (DLT) and blockchain technology in the public administration: there are several countries with best practices already, and even more are in the introduction phase of opening to Industry 4.0 in the public services as well. On the field of FinTech area the state has great responsibility to regulate (or at least define) the phenomena of cryptocurrencies, that is already in use for more than 10 years now without any responsible governmental acts. Within this topic the Central Bank Digital Currency projects are also discussed in the paper, which are supported by IMF, and declared as the next natural step forward on financial markets. Keywords: blockchain, DLT, SDG, public spending

Economic Contributions of West Virginia's Forest Products Industry Over Time: A Look at 2006, 2010, 2015, and 2017 Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
C. Clinton Gabbert ◽  
Kathryn Gazal ◽  
Joseph McNeel
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
The State ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
Emerging Industries ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Industry Automation

Abstract West Virginia's forest products industry (FPI) has long been viewed as an important industry to the state. However, there is a lack of recent data regarding the economic contribution of the industry to the state's economy. The housing market collapse of the mid-2000s, subsequent recession, continued increasing global competition, natural gas boom, and other macroeconomic trends have affected the FPI in the state. The continuing evolution of the state economy necessitates a reexamination of the role the FPI plays in the state. Thus, this article examines the historical contribution of the FPI to West Virginia's economy using 2006, 2010, 2015, and 2017 data. Both the direct and total economic contributions of the industry substantially declined from 2006 to 2010. The largest declines were experienced in the secondary solid-wood products and wood furniture sectors. Between 2010 and 2015, the industry's direct and total contributions rose for all measures evaluated. Between 2015 and 2017, all measures of direct and total contributions of the industry also increased but at a much slower pace and remained lower than 2006 levels. The inability of the FPI in the state to return to 2006 levels of direct contributions suggests that long-term industry trends such as the continued offshoring of value-added forest products sectors and increased industry automation are still putting negative pressure on direct industry growth. Additionally, the industry is facing new challenges such as uncertainty about the future availability of the foreign markets and competition for resources from emerging industries.

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