scholarly journals Microstructure and flow properties of lyophilized mango pulp with maltodextrin

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R. A. Afonso ◽  
Brena K. M. Rodrigues ◽  
José M. C. da Costa ◽  
Ana C. P. Rybka ◽  
Nedio J. Wurlitzer
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Mango Pulp ◽  
And Behavior

ABSTRACT The present study had as objective to determine the flow properties and behavior of lyophilized mango pulp powder as a function of different concentrations of maltodextrin. In the samples of the powders contain 5, 10 and 15% of maltodextrin the angle of effective internal friction, wall friction angle, flow index and bulk density were determined. The microstructure was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The freeze-dried samples are characterized as having an amorphous structure, and the drying aid used modified the surface of the particles. The flow index was 3.19, 4.28 and 4.53 for samples containing, respectively, 5, 10 and 15% maltodextrin. Increasing the concentration of maltodextrin in the mango pulp decreased the effective angles of internal friction and wall friction. The bulk density of the powders increased with increasing concentration of maltodextrin for the samples containing 5, 10 and 15% of the maltodextrin, being equal to 597.8, 689.8 and 691.3 kg m-3, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that the addition of maltodextrin modified the shape of the particles, decreased segregation, affected the flow properties of the mango powders, facilitating flow and increasing their bulk density.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Flow Properties between Two Alumina-Based Dry Powders

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Minniti de Campos ◽  
Maria do Carmo Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction

We measured and compared the flow properties of two alumina-based powders. The alumina powder (AP) is irregularly shaped and has a smooth surface and moisture content of 0.16% (d.b.), and the ceramic powder (CP), obtained after atomization in a spray dryer, is spherical and has a rough surface and moisture content of 1.07%. We measured the Hausner ratio (HR), the static angle of repose (AoR), the flow index (FI), the angle of internal friction, and the wall's friction angle. The properties measured using aerated techniques (AoR and HR) demonstrated that AP presents true cohesiveness (and therefore a difficult flow), while CP presents some cohesiveness and its flow might be classified as half way between difficult and easy flow. Their FI values, which were obtained using a nonaerated technique, enable us to classify the alumina as cohesive and the ceramic powder as an easy-flow powder. The large mean diameter and morphological characteristics of CP reduce interparticle forces and improve flowability, in spite of the higher moisture content of their granules. The angles of internal friction and of wall friction were not significantly different when comparing the two powders.

scholarly journals Maltodextrin on the flow properties of green coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) pulp powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayla Maria Ramos Araújo ◽  
Michael Douglas Lemos Farias ◽  
Marcos Rodrigues Amorim Afonso ◽  
José Maria Correia da Costa ◽  
Kaliana Sitonio Eça
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Food Powder ◽  
Cohesive Powder ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

ABSTRACT The study of the flow properties and particle surfaces of a food powder is essential for predicting its behaviour during processing and commercialization. The objective of this work was to determine the powder flow properties of lyophilized green coconut pulp with different concentrations of maltodextrin. Samples containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% (m/m) maltodextrin were lyophilized, and the flow index (FI), wall friction angles and densities were determined. The microstructure of the powders was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples containing 0 and 5% maltodextrin showed 1.87 FI, classifying them as very cohesive powders, and those containing 10 and 15% cohesive powder showed 2.12 and 2.43 FI, respectively. The powder densities varied from 138.6 to 287.6 kg/m3, and the wall friction angle varied from 15.8 to 39.8°. The powder particles presented irregular shapes and rough surfaces, especially in powders containing 0, 5 and 10% maltodextrin. The powder containing 15% had smoother and less agglomerated surfaces. An increase in the amount of maltodextrin added to the pulp made the particles smoother and denser and improved the fluidity of the powder.

Moisture Dependent Dynamic Flow Properties of Coconut Flours

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Manikantan ◽  
R. P. Kingsly Ambrose ◽  
Sajid Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Dynamic Flow ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Air Velocity

Abstract The dynamic flow properties of two important coproducts of virgin coconut oil (VCO) i. e. coconut milk residue flour (MRF) and VCO cake flour (CF) were studied. The basic flowability energy of CF was higher than MRF and increased with moisture content. The change in compressibility and shear stress, with applied normal stress and moisture content, indicated that these powders are highly cohesive. For both flours, the energy required to make the powder flow increased with moisture at all experimental air velocity. Moisture did not significantly influence the cohesion and unconfined yield strength of MRF, whereas for CF there was significant effect due to the presence of moisture. The wall friction angle of both the flours increased significantly with moisture and decreased with applied normal stress. The results from this study indicated that, both CF and MRF at around 4.00 % moisture content had better flow characteristics than at higher moisture levels.

Characterisation of Titanium Powder Flow, Shear and Bulk Properties Using the FT4 Powder Rheometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 1019 ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silethelwe Chikosha ◽  
Linda M. Mahlatji ◽  
Hilda K. Chikwanda
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Flow Shear ◽  
Coarse Powder ◽  
Bulk Properties ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Powder Rheometer

In order to reliably design and operate different powder processes, an understanding of the dynamic flow, shear and bulk properties of powders is required. Generally, powders are evaluated by several techniques that determine their flow, shear and bulk properties. The techniques can include compression tests, shear tests, angle of repose, flow of powder in a funnel, tapped density and many others. In order to minimize the number of instruments required to characterise the powder and eliminate operator error, automated powder rheometers that can do most of the required tests have been developed. The FT4 powder rheometer is one of these and has found widespread use in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the FT4 powder rheometer was used to characterise two metallic titanium powders with different particle sizes, namely CSIR Ti-45μm (Fine Powder) and CSIR Ti +45-180μm (Coarse Powder). Their particle size, particle size distribution, bulk densities, compressibility, cohesion, flowability index, effective angle of internal friction and wall friction angle were determined. Preliminary results of the study indicated that fine powder had a lower bulk density, was more compressible and more cohesive than the coarse powder. The fine powder had a lower flowability index compared to the coarse powder for both the Jenike and Peschl classification. The varying degrees of cohesion of these powders were confirmed by the cohesion values that were higher for the fine powder. The fine powder had a lower angle of internal friction but higher wall friction angle compared to the coarse powder.

Effects of Soil Compaction to its Shear Property

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 530-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Liu ◽  
Jian Qiao Li ◽  
Shi Chao Fan ◽  
Xiu Juan Li ◽  
Wen Feng Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Lunar Soil ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Shear Property ◽  
Measurement Results

The survey shows that the bulk density of lunar soil increases with the depth. The compaction of lunar soil also differs in the depth. The lunar soil mechanical condition plays an important and non-negligible roll on the mobility of the rover. It is important to make research on the change of the mechanical parameters at different lunar soil conditions, and it is also important to research the trafficability of rover on different lunar surface condition. The presented paper simulates the lunar soil with different depth by means of three kinds of lunar soil simulant on different compact condition. Based on the direct shear apparatus, it was researched that the cohesion, internal friction angle, bull density of lunar soil simulant on different compaction conditions, including loose, normal, and compressed. The measurement results show that the bulk density and cohesion of the lunar soil simulant increase with the compact conditions in general. The bulk density changes within a narrow range from1.1 g/cm3 to 1.4 g/cm3. The cohesion increases, and changes significantly, which varies from 0 kPa to 0.5 kPa. The internal friction angle changes without regularity within a range from 30 deg to 40 deg. The measurement results can be used to explain the different trafficability of wheels after repeatedly passing the same lunar surface. Also it will be of significant to the evaluation of the rover mobility at different lunar soil condition.

scholarly journals Grey Relational Analysis on Influencing Factors of Highway Slope Safety in Ankang Mountain Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Yiyun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Grey Relational

In recent years, Ankang has witnessed frequent occurrence of collapses and other instability phenomena, which brought huge losses to urban and rural transportation, and agricultural production. Therefore, it is very important to research and analyze the stability of highway slopes in this area. This paper systematically explores the factors that affect slope safety, namely, slope height, slope angle, cohesive force, bulk density, internal friction angle, and crack depth, through grey relational analysis (GRA), using engineering analysis software and MATLAB. The stability of the high slope was further evaluated through sensitivity analysis. The results show that cohesive force and internal friction angle are the leading factors affecting slope stability, followed by crack depth, while slope angle, bulk density and slope height are not major influencing factors. The research results provide the basis for the protection and design of similar slopes in Ankang prefecture.

scholarly journals Flow behavior of cocoa pulp powder containing maltodextrin

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Carneiro Ribeiro ◽  
José Maria Correia da Costa ◽  
Marcos Rodrigues Amorim Afonso
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Powder Particle ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Powder Flow ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Powder Particle Size ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maltodextrin addition on the flow properties of cocoa pulp powder obtained by spray and freeze drying. Cocoa pulp samples received 15% and 30% (m m-1) maltodextrin DE20. Two drying methods were used, spray and freeze drying. Powder morphology was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Wall friction angle, bulk density and tapped density were determined. Carr index (CI), Hausner ratio (HR) and flow index (FI) were used to evaluate powder flow. The particles powders obtained by spray drying showed rounded shapes, whereas the freeze dried powder showed irregular shapes. Increased maltodextrin concentration in the samples altered the powder particle size by spray drying and powder particle surface by freeze drying. The powder by spray drying of the sample with 30% of maltodextrin showed smallest wall friction angles, 13.4 to 14.9. The powder by freeze drying of the samples with 15% and 30% of maltodextrin showed wall friction angles between 14.0 and 20.6. Regarding flow, the powders by spray drying containing 30% of maltodextrin showed the best CI, HR and FI, 24.88, 1.33 and 4.88, respectively, being considered an acceptable flow. According to CI, HR and FI values, samples with 15% of maltodextrin produced powder classified as difficult flow in both methods applied. The higher maltodextrin concentration in cocoa pulp, the lower agglomeration in the powder by spray drying and the smoother particles surfaces in the powder by freeze drying. The addition of maltodextrin to the samples, for both drying methods, improve the powder flow and decrease the powder cohesion.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of potato starch modified by moisture content and addition of lubricant

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Stasiak ◽  
Marek Molenda ◽  
Józef Horabik ◽  
Peter Mueller ◽  
Ireneusz Opaliński
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction

Abstract Laboratory testing was conducted to deliver a set of characteristics of structure and mechanical properties of pure starch and starch with an addition of a lubricant - magnesium stearate. Considerable influence of moisture content of potato starch was found in the case of density, parameters of internal friction, coefficients of wall friction and flowability. Elasticity was found to be strongly influenced by water content of the material. Addition of magnesium stearate affected density and parameters of flowability, internal friction and elasticity. Bulk density increased from 604 to 774 kg m-3 with decrease in moisture content of potato starch from 17 to for 6%. Addition of magnesium stearate resulted in approximately 10% decrease in bulk density. Angle of internal friction obtained for 10 kPa of consolidation stress decreased from 33 to 24º with increase in moisture content, and to approximately 22º with addition of the lubricant. With an increase of moisture content from 6 to 18% and with addition of the lubricant, the modulus of elasticity during loading decreased from approximately 1.0 to 0.1 MPa. Modulus of elasticity during unloading was found in the range from 19 to 42 MPa and increased with increase of moisture content and amount of lubricant.

Shear Strength of Aeolian Sand Sediments

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yi ◽  
Cheng Hong ◽  
Zou Xueyong ◽  
Zhang Kaidi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Friction Velocity ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Aeolian Sand ◽  
Threshold Friction Velocity ◽  
Sand Sediments ◽  
Grain Diameter

Abstract. The anti-erodibility of aeolian sand sediments represents their resistance to airflow shear and is closely associated with soil shear strength. However, there have been few studies on the anti-erodibility of sediments from the perspective of shear strength. In this study, we performed shear strength experiments for four categories of sediments at different values of normal stress. All samples were oven-dried prior to the shear tests. The main conclusions were as follows. The shear strength of sediments increased linearly with normal stress and grain diameter. Organic matter may weaken the shear strength. The impact of bulk density and CaCO3 content on the shear strength did not follow consistent rules, but RCaCO3/RBulk (where RCaCO3 is the ratio of CaCO3 content between two samples, and RBulk is the difference in bulk density) determines the relative contribution of each factor to shear strength. The cohesion, internal friction angle, and shear strength increased with increasing grain diameter. They also increased with increasing sorting coefficient when the sorting coefficient was greater than 0.6, while the opposite trend occurred with sorting coefficients less than 0.6. There was a positive linear correlation between cohesion and threshold friction velocity (R2 = 0.91). This study improves our understanding of shear strength, providing basic data with which to construct a dynamic model of aeolian sand transport by wind action. Keywords: Bulk density, Cohesion, Grain diameter, Internal friction angle, Shear strength, Sorting coefficient, Threshold friction velocity.

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