Effect of saline water and shading on dragon fruit (‘pitaya’) seedling growth

ABSTRACT ‘Pitaya’ (Hylocereus undatus) is a fruit-bearing, climbing cactus with great food potential for the semiarid region. This study aimed to evaluate the production of ‘pitaya’ seedlings irrigated with low and high salinity water and grown in different light intensities. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two electrical conductivities of irrigation water: S1 - 0.3 dS m-1 (low salinity) and S2 - 5.0 dS m-1 (moderate salinity) in two environments: A1 - black net with 50% shading, and A2 - full sun, with ten replicates. The variables evaluated were plant height, main cladode diameter, above-ground biomass, root biomass, total plant biomass, number of secondary cladodes, root length, and length of secondary cladodes. The 50% shading (black net) promoted higher plant height, number of secondary shoots, and root length of the ‘pitaya’ plants. The irrigation with moderate saline water (5.0 dS m-1) reduced the number of secondary cladodes, length of root, and length of secondary cladodes. The ‘pitaya’ seedlings grown under 50% shading (black net) showed greater root dry biomass when irrigated with low-salinity water. Greater values of diameter of the primary cladode, above-ground dry biomass, and total dry biomass were observed under full sunlight and elevated saline stress.

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Growth and gas exchange of corn under salt stress and nitrogen doses

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n3p174-181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 174-181

Author(s):

Henderson C. Sousa ◽

Geocleber G. de Sousa ◽

Carla I. N. Lessa ◽

Antonio F. da S. Lima ◽

Rute M. R. Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Saline Water ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Salinity Water ◽

Hybrid Maize ◽

The University

ABSTRACT The excess of salts can affect several processes in the crops, and nitrogen (N) can attenuate the depressive effect of salinity. The objective was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen doses on the growth and gas exchange of corn crop irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2019 at the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, CE, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (supply water of 0.3 dS m-1 and saline solution of 3.0 dS m-1) and three nitrogen doses, 0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1, corresponding to 0, 50, and 100% of the recommended dose respectively, with six repetitions. At 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were evaluated. Saline stress affects plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 provide greater performance in plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The use of low salinity water and doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 were more efficient in terms of plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 45 DAS. The dose of 160 kg ha-1 of N attenuates the harmful effects of salts in AG 1051 hybrid maize plants, providing higher values of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance at 45 DAS when irrigated with water of 3.0 dS m-1.

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Heterogeneous salinity in the root system of bell pepper in greenhouse

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n8p519-524 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 519-524

Author(s):

Francisco de A. de Oliveira ◽

Rita de C. Alves ◽

Francisco M. S. Bezerra ◽

Luan A. Lima ◽

Ana S. de Medeiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Water ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salinity Water

ABSTRACT The split-root technique was used as a strategy to reduce saline stress on pepper. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates was used. The treatments consisted of six saline water application strategies (T1 - salinized nutrient solution (S1 = 1.4 dS m-1) during the whole cycle; T2 - salinized nutrient solution (S2 = 4.5 dS m-1) throughout the cycle, T3 - S1 and S2 throughout the cycle, using two emitters and without splitting the root system, T4 - S1 and S2, using two emitters and splitting the root system by a plastic film, T5 - S1 and S2, using two emitters and splitting the root system, alternating the solutions every 15 days, T6 - S1 and S2, using two emitters and without splitting the root system, alternating the solutions every 15 days). Five fruit harvests were performed, and the plants were harvested at 85 days after initiation of treatments and evaluated for the following variables: leaf number, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter (stem + leaves + fruits), root dry matter, number of fruits, fresh fruit weight and fruit production per plant. Most of the variables were reduced by the salinity of irrigation water. The highest fruit yields were obtained using low-salinity water, with the mixture of non-saline and saline waters, and alternating biweekly when the root system was split, demonstrating the viability of these three techniques.

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Localized Basal Freezing Within George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/s0022143000009084 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (116) ◽

pp. 71-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Pedley ◽

J.G. Paren ◽

J.R. Potter

Keyword(s):

Freezing Point ◽

Saline Water ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Ice Shelf ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Ice Surface ◽

Salinity Water ◽

Basal Melting ◽

Surface Ice

AbstractHobbs Pool is an area of thin ice shelf situated within George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Thicker ice shelf surrounding Hobbs Pool isolates the upper 155 m of the water column from water lying at the same depth else-where under the ice shelf. Summer melt-water lakes drain through crevasses at Hobbs Pool forming a 155 m thick layer of low-salinity water close to its freezing point. Colder and more saline water in the lower part of this layer leads toin-situfreezing of fresher water lying above it. Below 155 m depth, the water temperature and salinity are linearly related by basal melting which is observed elsewhere under the ice shelf. The surface ice shows areas of deformation and deposits of subglacial rock debris which may result from upward particle paths in the area. The raising of subglacial rock debris on to the ice surface may provide a mechanism for the transport of erratics across the ice shelf to Alexander Island from the base of Palmer Land glaciers.

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Enhanced Wettability Modification and CO2 Solubility Effect by Carbonated Low Salinity Water Injection in Carbonate Reservoirs

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2017/8142032 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ji Ho Lee ◽

Kun Sang Lee

Keyword(s):

Oil Recovery ◽

Saline Water ◽

Water Injection ◽

Carbonate Reservoirs ◽

Viscosity Reduction ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Low Salinity Water ◽

Geochemical Reactions ◽

Salinity Water ◽

Low Salinity Water Injection

Carbonated water injection (CWI) induces oil swelling and viscosity reduction. Another advantage of this technique is that CO2 can be stored via solubility trapping. The CO2 solubility of brine is a key factor that determines the extent of these effects. The solubility is sensitive to pressure, temperature, and salinity. The salting-out phenomenon makes low saline brine a favorable condition for solubilizing CO2 into brine, thus enabling the brine to deliver more CO2 into reservoirs. In addition, low saline water injection (LSWI) can modify wettability and enhance oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. The high CO2 solubility potential and wettability modification effect motivate the deployment of hybrid carbonated low salinity water injection (CLSWI). Reliable evaluation should consider geochemical reactions, which determine CO2 solubility and wettability modification, in brine/oil/rock systems. In this study, CLSWI was modeled with geochemical reactions, and oil production and CO2 storage were evaluated. In core and pilot systems, CLSWI increased oil recovery by up to 9% and 15%, respectively, and CO2 storage until oil recovery by up to 24% and 45%, respectively, compared to CWI. The CLSWI also improved injectivity by up to 31% in a pilot system. This study demonstrates that CLSWI is a promising water-based hybrid EOR (enhanced oil recovery).

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Plant development, gas exchanges and pigments of Mesosphaerum suaveolens submitted to osmoconditioning and saline stress

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.37427/botcro-2021-005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽

Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽

Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima ◽

Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽

Rodrigo Garcia da Silva Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Statistical Design ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Gas Exchanges ◽

Chlorophyll Pigments ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Dry Biomass

Salinity is one of the main plant abiotic stresses which affects the establishment and development crops. Hence, the search for technologies that minimize the damage caused by salinity is essential. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of salinity stress and osmotic conditioning of seeds on the biomass, gas exchanges and chlorophyll pigments in Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze. The statistical design adopted was a randomized block design, combined according to the Central Composite Design, referring to electrical conductivities of irrigation water and osmotic potentials, with minimum (- α) and maximum (α) values of 0.5 and 10.0 dS m-1 and 0.0 and -1.0 MPa, respectively, totaling nine combinations. The characteristics of dry biomass, gas exchange and chlorophyll indices were evaluated at 45 days after irrigation with saline water started. The salinity of irrigation water severely affected the dry biomass and the gas exchanges of M. suaveolens. Irrigation water of electrical conductivity above 3.2 dS m-1 caused reductions in chlorophyll a, b and total contents in M. suaveolens plants. Seed osmoconditioning did not attenuate the negative effects of saline stress on M. suaveolens plants.

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MORFOFISIOLOGIA DE GENÓTIPOS DE GERGELIM SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS DE USO DE ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2021v1n1p42-55 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 42-55

Author(s):

André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Cassiano Nogueira de Lacerda ◽

Geovani Soares de Lima ◽

Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Salinity ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Saline Stress ◽

High Salinity Water ◽

Flowering Phase ◽

Salinity Water ◽

Sesame Genotypes

MORFOFISIOLOGIA DE GENÓTIPOS DE GERGELIM SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS DE USO DE ÁGUA SALINA ANDRÉ ALISSON RODRIGUES DA SILVA1; CASSIANO NOGUEIRA DE LACERDA1; GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA1; LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES1; HANS RAJ GHEYI1 E PEDRO DANTAS FERNANDES1 1 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as trocas gasosas e o acúmulo de fitomassas de genótipos de gergelim sob estratégias de uso de águas salinas. A pesquisa foi conduzida em casa de vegetação, em delineamento de blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 6 x 2, sendo seis estratégias de uso de águas salinas aplicadas nas diferentes fases fenológicas das plantas (SE-irrigação com água de baixa salinidade durante todo ciclo de cultivo; VE - irrigação com água de alta salinidade na fase vegetativa; FL - na fase de floração; FR na fase de frutificação; VE/FL - nas fases vegetativa/floração; VE/FR - nas fases vegetativa/frutificação) e dois genótipos de gergelim (BRS Seda e BRS Anahí), com quatro repetições. Foram aplicadas água com alta salinidade (2,7 dS m-1), em alternância com água com baixa concentração de sais (0,3 dS m-1), em fases diferentes do ciclo. A irrigação com água de 2,7 dS m-1 durante a fase de floração, e nas fases vegetativa/floração, não comprometeu a condutância estomática, transpiração e taxa de assimilação de CO2 dos genótipos de gergelim. A salinidade da água de 2,7 dS m-1 quando aplicada nas fases vegetativa/floração prejudicou o acúmulo de fitomassa pelas plantas de gergelim. Palavras-chave: estresse salino, Sesamum indicum L., qualidade de água. SILVA, A, A, R. da; LACERDA, C. N. de; LIMA, G. S. de; SOARES, L. A. dos A.; GHEYI, H. R.; FERNANDES, P.D. MORPHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SESAME GENOTYPES SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR THE USE OF SALINE WATER 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange and phytomass accumulation of sesame genotypes under different strategies for the use of saline water. The research was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design in a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement, with six strategies for the use of saline water applied in the different phenological phases of the plants (SE - irrigation with low salinity water throughout the cultivation cycle; VE - irrigation with high salinity water in the vegetative phase; FL - in the flowering phase; FR - in the fruiting phase; VE/FL - in the vegetative/flowering phase; VE/FR - in the phases vegetative/fruiting) and two sesame genotypes (BRS Seda and BRS Anahí), with four replicates. Water with high salinity (2.7 dS m-1) was used, alternating with water with low salt concentration (0.3 dS m-1), at different stages of the crop cycle. Irrigation with water of 2.7 dS m-1 during the flowering phase, and in the vegetative/flowering phases, did not compromise the stomatal conductance, transpiration and CO2 assimilation rate of sesame genotypes. The water salinity of 2.7 dS m-1 applied in the vegetative/flowering phases impaired the accumulation of phytomass by sesame plants. Keywords: saline stress, Sesamum indicum L., water quality.

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IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA E USO DE SUBSTRATOS NA CULTURA DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v9i1.9820 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 86-91

Author(s):

Bruno Eduardo Lopes Sousa ◽

Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽

Andreza de Melo Mendonça ◽

Max Ferreira dos Santos ◽

Francisco Barroso da Silva Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Saline Water ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

High Salinity Water ◽

Salinity Water ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Bean Crop

Objetivou-se avaliar a interação entre diferentes níveis salinos e substratos sob o crescimento inicial, o acúmulo de biomassa e as trocas gasosas da cultura do feijão-caupi. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (5 x 2), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por substratos inseridos ao solo (T1- biocarvão + solo na proporção 1:1; T2- solo (testemunha); T3- adubação mineral; T4- casca de arroz carbonizada + carnaúba + solo na proporção 2:1:1 e S5- casca de arroz carbonizada + solo na proporção 1:1), e duas águas de irrigação (1,0 e 4,0 dS m-1). Aos 40 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram avaliados: número de folhas (NF), altura de planta (AP), diâmetro do caule (DC), área foliar (AF), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) e total (MST), fotossíntese (A), transpiração (E) e condutância estomática (gs). A água de alta salinidade afetou negativamente a AP, DC, MSPA e a gs das plantas. Os tratamentos T4 e T5 promoveram maior NF e A quando combinado com água não salina. Os tratamentos T4 e T5 proporcionaram maiores valores de gs e E. Palavras-chave: Vigna unguiculata L. Walp; salinidade; adubação. Influence of saline stress and fertilizers on caupi bean crop ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on the initial growth, on the accumulation of biomass and on the gas exchange of the cowpea culture submitted to different substrates. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. The design used was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (5 x 2), with four replications. The treatments consisted of substrates inserted in the soil (T1- biochar + soil in the proportion 1: 1; T2- soil (control); T3- mineral fertilization; T4- carbonized rice husk + carnauba + soil in the proportion 2: 1: 1 and S5- carbonized rice husk + soil in a 1: 1 ratio), and two irrigation waters (1.0 and 4.0 dS m-1). At 40 days after sowing (DAS), the following were evaluated: number of leaves (NF), plant height (AP), stem diameter (DC), leaf area (AF), shoot dry matter (MSPA) and total (MST), photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs). High salinity water negatively affected AP, DC, MSPA and plant gas. The treatments T4 and T5 promoted greater NF and A when combined with non-saline water. The treatments T4 and T5 provided higher values of gs and E. Keywords: Vigna unguiculata L. Walp; salinity; fertilization.

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PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM SOB DIFERENTES SUPRESSÕES DA IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2021v26n2p210-220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 210-220

Author(s):

Geovana Ferreira Goes ◽

Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽

Samuel de Oliveira Santos ◽

Francisco Barroso da Silva Júnior ◽

Emanuel D'Araújo Ribeiro de Ceita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Saline Water ◽

Salt Water ◽

Water Suppression ◽

Saline Stress ◽

High Salinity Water ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Salinity Water ◽

E Mail

PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM SOB DIFERENTES SUPRESSÕES DA IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA GEOVANA FERREIRA GOES1; GEOCLEBER GOMES DE SOUSA2; SAMUEL DE OLIVEIRA SANTOS1; FRANCISCO BARROSO DA SILVA JUNIOR3; EMANUEL D’ ARAÚJO RIBEIRO DE CEITA4 E KELLY NASCIMENTO LEITE5 1 Graduandos no curso de Agronomia da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da Abolição, 3, centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Prof. Doutor, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da Abolição, 3, centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mail:[email protected]. 3Mestrando pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici (Avenida Mister Hull, 2977, Pici, 60.021-970, Fortaleza/Ce, Brasil) Email: [email protected]. 4Mestrando pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (Rua: Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, SN, 14.004-900, Jaboticabal/SP, Brasil) E-mail: [email protected]. 5Prof. Doutora, Centro Multidisciplinar da Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta (Rua Estrada da Canela Fina, KM 12 Gleba Formoso - São Francisco, 69.895-000, Cruzeiro do Sul/AC). E-mail: [email protected]. 1 RESUMO O déficit hídrico associada ao estresse salino afetam a produtividade das culturas agrícolas. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade da cultura de amendoim irrigado com água de baixa e alta salinidade submetida a diferentes intervalos de supressão. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, no período de agosto a outubro de 2019 na Fazenda Experimental de Piroás, Redenção-CE. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial, sendo o primeiro fator a salinidade das águas de irrigação (1,0 e 4,0 dS m-¹) e o segundo fator, quatro intervalos de supressões (IS1= 40 a 55 DAS; IS2 = 55 a 70 DAS; IS3 = 70 a 85 DAS e IS4 = sem intervalos de supressão), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: número, massa, comprimento e diâmetro de vagem e a produtividade. O tratamento sem intervalo de supressão hídrica associado a água de menor salinidade proporcionam maior número e diâmetro de vagem. A água de maior salinidade afeta a massa e comprimento de vagem. A utilização da água de maior ou menor salinidade sem intervalo de supressão da irrigação proporciona maior produtividade da cultura do amendoim. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Arachis hypogaea L., déficit hídrico, estresse salino GOES, G. F.; SOUSA, G. G.; SANTOS, S. O.; SILVA JUNIOR, F. B.; CEITA, E. A. R.; LEITE, K. N.PEANUT CULTURE YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT SALT WATER IRRIGATION SUPPRESSIONS 2 ABSTRACT The water deficit associated with salt stress affects the productivity of agricultural crops. The objective was to evaluate the productivity of peanut culture irrigated with low and high salinity water submitted to different suppression intervals. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, from August to October 2019 at the Experimental Farm of Piroás, Redenção-CE. The experimental design used for the randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement, with the first factor is the salinity of the irrigation water (1.0 and 4.0 dS m-¹) and the second factor, four suppression intervals (IS1 = 40 a 55 DAS; IS2 = 55 to 70 DAS; IS3 = 70 to 85 DAS and IS4 = without suppression intervals), with four repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: number, mass, pod length and diameter and yield. Treatment without water suppression interval associated with less saline water provides a greater number and diameter of pods. Higher salinity water affects pod mass and length. The use of water of greater or lesser salinity without interval of suppression of irrigation offers the highest yield of the peanut culture. Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L., water déficit, saline stress.

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Evaluation of Onion Genotypes for Resistance to Stunting Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 8

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.4.551 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 551-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dipak Sharma-Poudyal ◽

Timothy C. Paulitz ◽

Lindsey J. du Toit

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Partial Resistance ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Onion Root ◽

Height Reduction ◽

Experimental Line ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dry Biomass

Thirty-five onion genotypes were evaluated for resistance to stunting caused by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 8 (AG 8) in a growth chamber set at 15 ± 1 °C. The trial was repeated. Resistance to R. solani AG 8 was defined as a lack of significant difference in plant height, root length, and/or total dry biomass between inoculated and noninoculated plants of the same genotype. Plant height was not reduced significantly by R. solani AG 8 for 14 and 7 of the 35 genotypes in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. In Trial 1, plant height reduction caused by R. solani ranged from 24% for the cv. Lasalle to 62% for the experimental line R14882, and in Trial 2 plant height reduction ranged from 22% for the experimental line PX07713218 to 53% for the cv. Montblanc. However, the extent of reduction in plant height caused by R. solani did not differ significantly among genotypes in either trial. Onion root length was not reduced by R. solani AG 8 for 26 and 18 of the 35 genotypes in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. The degree of reduction in root length ranged from 9% (R14889) to 76% (Sterling and SN232) in Trial 1, and 14% (SN325) to 74% (Sterling) in Trial 2. Onion dry biomass was not reduced by R. solani AG 8 for 19 and 7 of the 35 genotypes in Trials 1 and 2, respectively, and ranged from 18% (Elbrus) to 69% (Sterling) in Trial 1, and 29% (SN232) to 79% (Sterling) in Trial 2. The reduction in onion root length and total biomass did not differ significantly among onion genotypes in Trial 1, but differed among genotypes in Trial 2. Of the 35 genotypes evaluated, 3, 16, and 3 demonstrated partial resistance to R. solani AG 8 for plant height, root length, and total biomass, respectively, in both trials. Only four genotypes displayed partial resistance to R. solani AG 8 for at least two of the three growth parameters: plant height, root length, and biomass of PX07713218 were unaffected by the fungus in either trial; and R14885, R14888, and SN307 displayed partial resistance in both trials for two of the three parameters, and in one of the two trials for the third parameter. These four genotypes could be used in onion breeding programs to develop cultivars partially resistant to stunting caused by R. solani AG 8.

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Gas exchange and millet phytomass under organic fertilization and graywater irrigation

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n2p111-118 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 111-118

Author(s):

José R. I. Silva ◽

Eduardo Souza ◽

Maurício L. de M. V. Leite ◽

Genival Barros Junior ◽

Aldo T. Sales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Block Design ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Plant Component ◽

Gas Exchanges ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Available Water Content ◽

Irrigation Depth ◽

Salinity Water

ABSTRACT Graywater is an alternative method to increase the water supply for agricultural production in semi-arid regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different irrigation depths of graywater on the gas exchanges and phytomass of millet plants with and without organic fertilization. The research was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Serra Talhada municipality in semiarid region of Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with a factorial (4 × 2 + 1) plot and three replicates. The first factor corresponded to graywater irrigation depth equivalent to 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the available water content of the soil, and the second factor was the addition of bovine manure as fertilizer (0 and 34 Mg ha-1), and a control (irrigation with low-salinity water). Irrigation with graywater effluent did not promote adverse effects on gas exchanges and phytomass accumulation; however, it also did not provide enough nutrients to promote increase in these variables. The reduction in irrigation depth caused a decrease in gas exchange from 45 days after the application of the treatments. The basal tiller mass was the most favored plant component due to organic fertilization.

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