scholarly journals Evaluation of Onion Genotypes for Resistance to Stunting Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 8

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
Lindsey J. du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Onion Root ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Experimental Line ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Biomass

Thirty-five onion genotypes were evaluated for resistance to stunting caused by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 8 (AG 8) in a growth chamber set at 15 ± 1 °C. The trial was repeated. Resistance to R. solani AG 8 was defined as a lack of significant difference in plant height, root length, and/or total dry biomass between inoculated and noninoculated plants of the same genotype. Plant height was not reduced significantly by R. solani AG 8 for 14 and 7 of the 35 genotypes in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. In Trial 1, plant height reduction caused by R. solani ranged from 24% for the cv. Lasalle to 62% for the experimental line R14882, and in Trial 2 plant height reduction ranged from 22% for the experimental line PX07713218 to 53% for the cv. Montblanc. However, the extent of reduction in plant height caused by R. solani did not differ significantly among genotypes in either trial. Onion root length was not reduced by R. solani AG 8 for 26 and 18 of the 35 genotypes in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. The degree of reduction in root length ranged from 9% (R14889) to 76% (Sterling and SN232) in Trial 1, and 14% (SN325) to 74% (Sterling) in Trial 2. Onion dry biomass was not reduced by R. solani AG 8 for 19 and 7 of the 35 genotypes in Trials 1 and 2, respectively, and ranged from 18% (Elbrus) to 69% (Sterling) in Trial 1, and 29% (SN232) to 79% (Sterling) in Trial 2. The reduction in onion root length and total biomass did not differ significantly among onion genotypes in Trial 1, but differed among genotypes in Trial 2. Of the 35 genotypes evaluated, 3, 16, and 3 demonstrated partial resistance to R. solani AG 8 for plant height, root length, and total biomass, respectively, in both trials. Only four genotypes displayed partial resistance to R. solani AG 8 for at least two of the three growth parameters: plant height, root length, and biomass of PX07713218 were unaffected by the fungus in either trial; and R14885, R14888, and SN307 displayed partial resistance in both trials for two of the three parameters, and in one of the two trials for the third parameter. These four genotypes could be used in onion breeding programs to develop cultivars partially resistant to stunting caused by R. solani AG 8.

Pathogenic effects of Heterodera avenae and Rhizoctonia solani and their interaction on wheat

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
SC Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

The effects of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera arenae and the fungus Rhizoctonin solani on the growth of wheat seedlings were examined under glasshouse conditions. In combination, the pathogens caused significantly greater reduction in tillering, plant height, fresh weight, and root number and length than that caused by either pathogen when acting alone. Reduction in plant height, root number, and root length were the result of interaction. Nematode-fungus interaction may be the cause of disease in the field usually attributed to only one of these pathogens.

scholarly journals Effect of saline water and shading on dragon fruit (‘pitaya’) seedling growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 547-552
Author(s):  
Geocleber G. de Sousa ◽  
Sinara B. Sousa ◽  
Ana C. da S. Pereira ◽  
Virna B. Marques ◽  
Maria L. G. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Salinity Water

ABSTRACT ‘Pitaya’ (Hylocereus undatus) is a fruit-bearing, climbing cactus with great food potential for the semiarid region. This study aimed to evaluate the production of ‘pitaya’ seedlings irrigated with low and high salinity water and grown in different light intensities. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two electrical conductivities of irrigation water: S1 - 0.3 dS m-1 (low salinity) and S2 - 5.0 dS m-1 (moderate salinity) in two environments: A1 - black net with 50% shading, and A2 - full sun, with ten replicates. The variables evaluated were plant height, main cladode diameter, above-ground biomass, root biomass, total plant biomass, number of secondary cladodes, root length, and length of secondary cladodes. The 50% shading (black net) promoted higher plant height, number of secondary shoots, and root length of the ‘pitaya’ plants. The irrigation with moderate saline water (5.0 dS m-1) reduced the number of secondary cladodes, length of root, and length of secondary cladodes. The ‘pitaya’ seedlings grown under 50% shading (black net) showed greater root dry biomass when irrigated with low-salinity water. Greater values of diameter of the primary cladode, above-ground dry biomass, and total dry biomass were observed under full sunlight and elevated saline stress.

scholarly journals Effect of nickel uptake on selected growth parameters of Amaranthus viridis L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johny Joseph ◽  
Jayaram Reddy ◽  
D Sayantan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Nickel Uptake ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Impact

Nickel is an essential element for normal physiological functions in plants. At higher doses (>50 mg/kg, as per WHO) it is toxic to plants and humans, which can bring about oxidative stress affecting the physiological functions of plants and is also considered carcinogenic to human beings. To manage nickel pollution in environment, proper chemical or phytoremediation techniques are required. In this regard nickel accumulator plants would offer a cost effective and environmental friendly phytoremediation method. In the present study, the nickel phyto-accumulation potential of Amaranthus viridis from soil was evaluated to check the tolerance level and the impact on selected morphological parameters like total biomass, plant height, root length and number of leaves. Nickel uptake by A. viridis was studied from Ni contaminated soil amended with20, 40, 60, 80 mg/Kg of Ni exposure under controlled conditions. Toxic effects and tolerance of the plant to toxic doses of nickel was evaluated by correlating the uptake per gram of biomass with various parameters of plant like its height, biomass, root length and, number of leaves.  Supply dependent maximum nickel uptake of 108 µg/gm and corresponding decrease in growth parameters were recorded up to 60 mg/Kg exposure. This study indicates the uptake of nickel by A. viridis increases with increase in supply up to 60mg/kg and beyond 60 mg/kg, the uptake decreases. The study also shows uptake of nickel per gram of biomass has a significant  negative correlation mainly with parameters like plant height (R= -0.71 at 0.05 level of significance) and total biomass (R = -0.83 at 0.05 level of significance) where as other parameters like length of root and number of leavers are not significantly affected (P>0.05) with uptake of nickel per gram of biomass.

scholarly journals Impact of artificially simulated precipitation patterns change on the growth and morphology of Reaumuria soongarica seedlings in Hexi Corridor of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2439
Author(s):  
Yanfei Xie ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Tingting Xie ◽  
Ruiling Meng ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Desert Plants ◽  
Radial Density ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Simulated Precipitation ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Precipitation Changes

Climate change has altered the existing pattern of precipitation and has an important impact on the resistance and adaptability of desert plants. However, the interactive impact and the main characteristics of changes in precipitation amount and precipitation frequency on desert plants are unclear. Reaumuria soongarica seedlings were treated by artificially simulating changes in precipitation (30% reduction and 30% increase) and its frequency (50% reduction). We first introduced three morphological indicators (i.e., main root length/plant height ratio (RHR), above-ground radial density (ARD), and below−ground radial density (BRD)) and drew an abstract figure of seedling growth. This experiment confirmed the following: (1) The increase in precipitation noticeably increased the plant height, above-ground biomass, and total biomass of seedlings. (2) The plant height and the biomass of seedlings were more affected by precipitation amount than by precipitation frequency. No interaction was found between precipitation amount and precipitation frequency on the growth of seedlings. (3) The response of RHR to precipitation changes was extremely significant, increasing with decreasing precipitation and vice versa. (4) The ARD first increased then remained constant as precipitation increased, while ARD first decreased and then increased with decreasing precipitation. When precipitation increases, the BRD increases and the root system becomes relatively thicker and shorter, and vice versa. In this regard, R. soongarica seedlings mainly adapt to their resource supply by adjusting plant height, root length, thickness and biomass.

scholarly journals Influence of Rhizobium Inoculation and Phosphate Rock Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield Components of Green gram (Vigna radiata) in Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
F. K. Mbaka ◽  
G. O. Oloo-abucheli ◽  
P. K. Njoroge ◽  
H. O. Ndukhu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Biomass

Green gram is an important drought tolerant grain legume crop in Kenya. In Tharaka Nithi County green gram is as a major source of food security. Hence, there is need for a cheap and sustainable system of agricultural production is needed to increase its production. The legume/Rhizobium symbiosis in combination with phosphate rock offers a natural system for improving green gram nitrogen fixation. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the effect of Rhizobium and phosphate rock fertilizer application on growth and yield attributes of N26 and KS20 varieties. The study was carried out at Chuka University Horticultural Research Farm for two seasons, November 2019 to January 2020 and February to April 2020. Factorial experiment of 2x2x2 was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). There were three factors, variety (N26 and KS20), phosphate rock (0 and 30 kg P ha-1) and Rhizobium MEA 716 (0 and 100 g ha-1). The experiment contained eight treatments which were replicated three times. The data was collected fortnightly on four randomly selected plants on parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, branches, pods, total dry biomass, shoot and root dry weight and grain yield. These data was analysed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Significant means are separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at probability level of 5%. Results for both seasons indicated that combined application of Rhizobium MEA 716 Rhizobium 100 g ha-1 and phosphate rock 30 Kg ha-1 phosphate under variety  in treatment (R1P1V2) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher  plant height (76.07 cm), number of branches (14.08 plant-1), shoot dry biomass (52.01 g plant-1), root dry biomass (7.60 g plant-1), total dry biomass (146.4 g plant-1), number of pods (84 plant-1) and yield (2158 kg ha-1) compared to variety N26 in treatment (R1P1V1).  Therefore, combination of Rhizobium MEA 716 100 g ha-1 and phosphate rock 30 Kg ha-1 under variety KS20 led to improved growth attributes equally yield components of KS20 variety over N26. From these findings, application of Rhizobium MEA716  at 100 g ha-1, and 30 Kg ha -1  phosphate rock under variety KS20 was recommended for improved and a sustainable green gram production in  the study area.

scholarly journals Acclimatization of Tissue Culture Pineapple Plantlet Using Semi-Autotrophic Hydroponics Technique in Comparison with Other Conventional Substrates

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Y. O. Olagunju ◽  
A. O. Aduloju ◽  
P. E. Akin-Idowu ◽  
C. O. Esuola
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Effective Media ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: Previously conventional substrates consisting of topsoil mixtures have produced low yield and low survival rate of the tissue culture plantlets. Semi-Autotrophic Hydroponics (SAH) technique is being compared with Sawdust (SD) and Topsoil (TS) as a suitable method of acclimatization and further rooting of the plantlets. This research is aimed at optimizing the protocol for acclimatization of tissue culture pineapple plantlets. Study Design:  Experimental Research Design. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology Research Unit, Tissue Culture Laboratory, National Horticultural Research Institute, Jericho-Idi-Ishin, Ibadan. Feb 2021 – April 2021. Methodology: The technique employed was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 samples per treatment in 6 replicates. 5 treatments were investigated in this research. Data analysis was done with the use of SAS statistical analysis software (p<0.05). Fresh crowns of Ananas comosus (pineapple) were extracted and were cultivated in test tubes containing full MS media. The plantlets were sub-cultured twice, after which they were taken into the hardening chamber. The plantlets were acclimatized in the Semi-Autotrophic Hydroponics substrate and other substrates – Topsoil(TS), Sawdust(SD), Sawdust + Topsoil (3:1), and Sawdust + Topsoil (1:3). Results: The result shows that the mean difference in Plant Height and Root Length for SAH substrate was significant as against other substrates used in this study (p<0.05) with SAH having the highest value of 3.50cm for plant height and 2.53cm for root length.  A 100% survival rate was observed for the plantlets grown SAH media as compared to the ones acclimatized on Topsoil and Sawdust combinations which showed a 50% survival rate. There was no significant difference in the number of leaves among all the groups of substrates. Conclusion: In conclusion, SAH media is a very effective media for the hardening and acclimatization of micro-propagated plantlets.

Effect of Bacillus spp. on the germination and growth of roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Honelver Santiago Santiago ◽  
S. Aranda-Ocampo ◽  
J. Hernández-Morales ◽  
A. Peña-Lomeli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Objective: To analyze the effect of three native strains of Bacillus spp. on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) germination and plant growth of the tecoanapa variety in greenhouse conditions using the Bio-priming method.Design/methodology/approach: The identity of the Bacillus strains was verified using PCR technique with the universal primers 27F and 1492R for the amplification of the 16S rDNA gene. The roselle seeds were treated with bacterial cells of Bacillus spp. with Bio-priming method, evaluating the effect on germination and plant growth. The percentage ofgermination was evaluated, as well as plant height, root length, and dry matter of plants and roots.Results: Molecular identification of B. velezensis (T1), B. amyloliquefaciens (T2), and B. subtilis (T3) was carried out. The three treatments caused an increase in germination percentage, root length and plant height, and there was also an increase in dry matter weight of plants and roots, with a significant difference between treatments 1, 2, 3 and the control.Study limitations/implications: Strains of Bacillus spp. must reach commercial production for field applications.Findings/conclusions: B. velezensis is the species that demonstrated the highest percentage of germination and a growth-promoting effect, followed by B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis respectively.

Analisis Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Keriting dalam Polybag menggunakan Pupuk Fermentasi Urin Sapi

METANA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Jujuk Juhariah ◽  
Margaretha Praba Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Public ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
The People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Tahun 2020 merupakan tahun yang cukup sulit bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Adanya virus corona jenis baru memaksa masyarakat untuk beradaptasi dengan kebiasaan baru. Salah satu masalah terbesar yang dihadapi adalah dengan adanya kebijakan lockdown  yang menyebabkan sulitnya distribusi bahan pangan. Oleh sebab itu edukasi masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan secara organik dengan mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang ada disekitar pekarangan rumah perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon tanaman cabai keriting dengan menggunakan pupuk fermentasi urin sapi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara memberikan perlakuan variasi pemupukan dengan mencampur urin sapi dan EM4 (perlakuan A); urin sapi, EM4, dan batang pohon pisang (perlakuan B); urin sapi, EM4, dan sabut kelapa (perlakuan C); dan urin sapi, EM4, dan akar kacang tanah (perlakuan D). Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, dan bobot biomassa kering tanaman.  Perlakuan penambahan sabut kelapa pada fermentasi urin sapi memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada parameter tinggi tanaman. Sedangkan penambahan akar kacang tanah pada fermentasi pupuk urin sapi meningkatkan bobot biomassa kering tanaman secara signifikan. Penambahan batang pohon pisang pada fermentasi urin sapi secara nyata memberikan pengaruh terhadap diameter batang tanaman cabai keriting. Akan tetapi, jumlah daun tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dari semua jenis pemupukan. The year 2020 is quite a difficult year for the people of Indonesia. The existence of a new coronavirus type forces people to adapt to new habits. One of the biggest problems faced is the lockdown policy which makes it difficult for food distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the public to utilize the yard organically by optimizing the existing resources around the yard of the house. This study aimed to determine the response of curly chili plants using cow urine fermentation fertilizer. The research was conducted by giving various fertilization treatments by mixing cow urine and EM4 (treatment A); cow urine, EM4, and banana tree trunks (treatment B); cow urine, EM4, and coconut husk (treatment C); and cow urine, EM4, and groundnut root (treatment D). Parameters observed in this study were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and dry biomass weight of the plant. The addition of coconut fiber in cow urine fermentation has a significant effect on plant height parameters. Meanwhile, the addition of groundnut roots to fermented cow urine fertilizer increased the dry biomass weight of the plant significantly. The addition of banana tree trunks to cow urine fermentation significantly affected the stem diameter of curly chili plants. However, the number of leaves did not show a significant difference between all types of fertilization.

Effects of Zinc on the Growth of Several Vegetables

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 613-616
Author(s):  
Chen Lin ◽  
Xiu Li Ge
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Zn Stress

Heavy metal zinc is one of the trace elements necessary to the growth of vegetable, but Zn excessiveness also could cause damage. In this research, four vegetables were planted by soil culture method under different Zn2+concentration controlled by the exogenous Zn2+addition; their growth characteristics were analyzed to find the sensitive growth indexes to Zn and compare their tolerance to Zn pollution. Results show that: low concentration of Zn2+(< 100 mg/kg) can promote significantly the plant height and the root length growth of all the four vegetables, while, as the exogenous Zn2+increased to the concentration of 150 mg/ kg, the number of leaves, the above-ground dry biomass and the underground dry biomass were suppressed significantly; in this experiment, the four vegetables appeared different sensitivity to Zn stress,Lactucasativavar.longifoliafappeared highest tolerance andBrassicachinensisappeared less sensitivity to Zn stress.

Film coating of seeds with Bacillus cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchalee Jetiyanon ◽  
Sakchai Wittaya-Areekul ◽  
Pinyupa Plianbangchang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus RS87 was previously reported to promote plant growth in various crops in both greenhouse and field trials. To apply as a plant growth promoting agent with practical use, it is essential to ease the burden of routine preparation of a fresh suspension of strain RS87 in laboratory. The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of film-coating seeds with B. cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement and to reveal the indoleacetic acid (IAA) production released from strain RS87. The experiment consisted of the following 5 treatments: nontreated seeds, water-soaked seeds, film-coated seeds, seeds soaked with vegetative cells of strain RS87, and film-coated seeds with strain RS87 spores. Three experiments were conducted separately to assess seed emergence, root length, and plant height. Results showed that both vegetative cells and spores of strain RS87 significantly promoted (P ≤ 0.05) seed emergence, root length and plant height over the control treatments. The strain RS87 also produced IAA. In conclusion, the film coating of seeds with spores of B. cereus RS87 demonstrated early plant growth enhancement as well as seeds using their vegetative cells. IAA released from strain RS87 would be one of the mechanisms for plant growth enhancement.

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