scholarly journals Water restriction in cowpea plants [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]: Metabolic changes and tolerance induction

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Alberto S. de Melo ◽  
Yuri L. Melo ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
Pedro R. A. Viégas ◽  
Rener L. de S. Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Global climate change tends to intensify water unavailability, especially in semi-arid regions, directly impacting agricultural production. Cowpea is one of the crops with great socio-economic importance in the Brazilian semi-arid region, cultivated mainly under rainfed farming and considered moderately tolerant to water restriction. This species has physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation to these stress factors, but there is still no clear vision of how these responses can not only allow survival, but also ensure yield advances in the field. Besides acclimation mechanisms, the exogenous application of abiotic (salicylic acid, silicon, proline, methionine, and potassium nitrate) and biotic (rhizobacteria) elicitors is promising in mitigating the effects of water restriction. The present literature review discusses the acclimation mechanisms of cowpea and some cultivation techniques, especially the application of elicitors, which can contribute to maintaining crop yield under different water scenarios. The application of elicitors is an alternative way to increase the sustainability of production in rainfed farming in semi-arid regions. However, the use of eliciting substances in cowpea still needs to be carefully explored, given the difficulties caused by genotypic and edaphoclimatic variability under field conditions.

scholarly journals VARIEDADES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE REPOSIÇÃO HÍDRICA POR GOTEJAMENTO SUBSUPERFICIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-363
Author(s):  
Anderson Ramos de Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Brandão Braga
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sugarcane Juice ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Raw Sugar ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

VARIEDADES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE REPOSIÇÃO HÍDRICA POR GOTEJAMENTO SUBSUPERFICIAL   ANDERSON RAMOS DE OLIVEIRA1, MARCOS BRANDÃO BRAGA2   1 Embrapa Semiárido, Rodovia BR-428, Km 152, Zona Rural, 56302-970, Petrolina, PE, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Embrapa Hortaliças, Rodovia BR-060, Km 09, Fazenda Tamanduá, 70275-970, Brasília, DF, Brasil, [email protected]   RESUMO: A região semiárida brasileira apresenta grande potencial de produção de cana-de-açúcar. Contudo, verifica-se que existem oscilações na produção devido à baixa e irregular disponibilidade hídrica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento de variedades de cana-de-açúcar irrigadas por gotejamento subsuperficial submetidas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, na Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina, PE. Foram realizadas análises de produtividade e de qualidade tecnológica do caldo. As variedades com maior tolerância ao déficit hídrico foram RB92579 e RB961003, pois alcançam máxima produtividade utilizando-se menor lâmina de reposição hídrica, em torno de 80% da ETc. A qualidade tecnológica do caldo apontou diferenças no °Brix e na porcentagem bruta de açúcares das variedades que reduziram em função do aumento da reposição hídrica. Contudo, estas diferenças não foram limitantes à qualidade tecnológica. Sendo assim, o cultivo das variedades RB92579 e RB961003 sob menor lâmina de reposição hídrica pode ser recomendado, pois as mesmas atingem alta produtividade e mantém a qualidade tecnológica do caldo.   Palavras-chave: biomassa, irrigação, estresse hídrico, regiões semiáridas.   SUGARCANE VARIETIES SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT WATER REPLENISHMENT DEPTHS BY SUBSURFACE DRIP   ABSTRACT: Brazilian semi-arid region presents great potential for sugarcane production. However, due mainly to low and irregular water availability, there are fluctuations in production. This study proposed to evaluate the performance of sugarcane varieties irrigated by subsurface drip, submitted to different water replenishment depths. The experiment was carried out at Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, belonging to Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil. Productivity and technological quality of sugarcane juice analysis were performed. The varieties with higher tolerance to water deficit were RB92579 and RB961003, which reached maximum productivity using lower water replenishment depths of ETc, around 80%. Technological quality of sugarcane juice showed differences in °Brix and raw sugar percentage of varieties that reduced due to water replacement depths increasing. However, these differences were not limiting to the technological quality of sugarcane juice. In summary, the cultivation of RB961003 and RB92579 cultivars under lower water replenishment depth can be recommended, because they maintain the technological quality of sugarcane juice.   Keywords: biomass, irrigation, water stress, semi-arid regions.

Effects of Genotype and Rainfall on Forage Oats in a Semi-arid Region

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYThere were significant differences in dry matter yield among five forage oat varieties tested at ten environments during 1970–75. The correlation coefficients between annual rainfall and DM yield varied with variety from 0·69 to 0·88, late varieties tending to give higher yields. Lateness, and high varietal response to annual rainfall and improved environmental conditions, can be used as selection criteria in semi-arid regions. Late varieties had higher DM and lower crude protein contents, and forage produced under lower rainfall conditions tended to have more DM and crude protein.

scholarly journals Production System Diversification and Livelihood in the Drylands of North Central Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2750
Author(s):  
Benjamín Figueroa-Sandoval ◽  
Martín A. Coronado-Minjarez ◽  
Eduviges J. García-Herrera ◽  
Artemio Ramírez-López ◽  
Dora M. Sangerman-Jarquín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
North Central ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Drylands (arid and semi-arid regions) are important regions in the world; they have been disregarded and considered poor undeveloped regions due to their ecological limitations. Farmers in these regions tend towards diversification of production systems in order to achieve livelihood security, and this phenomenon has not been extensively studied. The objective of this study was to create a typology of the production systems present in the Mexican north central drylands, using variables related to production, socioeconomics, and social capital. 1044 interviews were conducted in the semi-arid region of north central Mexico. Analysis of the data allowed for the observation of nine types of production systems distributed in three groups: Subsistence, commercial, and off-farm income systems. The differences observed within these systems are due to generational gaps, gender differences, market orientation, and social capital. It can be concluded that the diversification of the dryland production systems allows for an understanding of why generic public policies have failed to mitigate poverty in these regions. The implications of the study refer to the reconfiguration of Mexican policies for the development of the drylands.

scholarly journals Yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under biofertilizer doses and application intervals

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 633-640
Author(s):  
Varley A. Fonseca ◽  
Carlindo S. Rodrigues ◽  
Rodrigo R. Alvarenga ◽  
Delfran B. dos Santos ◽  
Felizarda V. Bebé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Due to the water restriction, associated with the high cost of fertilizers, and the need to produce forage in the semi-arid regions, studies using biofertilizers in cactus pear production tend to become impactful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under doses and application intervals of bovine manure biofertilizer. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two biofertilizer application intervals (14 and 21 days) and five biofertilizer doses (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 m3 ha-1). Three replicates were used, totaling 30 experimental units. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of cladodes, cladode length, cladode width and cladode area index, dry biomass percentage, and green and dry biomass yields. The use of 60 m3 ha-1 of liquid cattle manure biofertilizer increased the yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. The application of 60 m3 ha-1 of biofertilizer at the interval of 14 days increased the yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear.

scholarly journals The relationship between anthropogenic dust and population over global semi-arid regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 5159-5169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Guan ◽  
Jianping Huang ◽  
Yanting Zhang ◽  
Yongkun Xie ◽  
Jingjing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Although anthropogenic dust has received more attention from the climate research community, its dominant role in the production process is still not identified. In this study, we analysed the relationship between anthropogenic dust and population density/change over global semi-arid regions and found that semi-arid regions are major source regions in producing anthropogenic dust. The results showed that the relationship between anthropogenic dust and population is more obvious in cropland than in other land cover types (crop mosaics, grassland, and urbanized regions) and that the production of anthropogenic dust increases as the population density grows to more than 90 persons km−2. Four selected semi-arid regions, namely East China, India, North America, and North Africa, were used to explore the relationship between anthropogenic dust production and regional population. The most significant relationship between anthropogenic dust and population occurred in an Indian semi-arid region that had a greater portion of cropland, and the high peak of anthropogenic dust probability appeared with 220 persons km−2 of population density and 60 persons km−2 of population change. These results suggest that the influence of population on production of anthropogenic dust in semi-arid regions is obvious in cropland regions. However, the impact does not always have a positive contribution to the production of anthropogenic dust, and overly excessive population will suppress the increase of anthropogenic dust. Moreover, radiative and climate effects of increasing anthropogenic dust need more investigation.

Effect of boronated saline irrigation water on linseed

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. S. Chauhan ◽  
C. P. S. Chauhan ◽  
S. K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Semi Arid

Underground irrigation water, particularly saline, when in arid and semi-arid regions of India may contain toxic amounts of B, from a trace up to 10 mg B/l (Anon. 1981–82). Continuous use of such water for irrigation may lead to the accumulation of salts and B in soil and this creates toxicity problems. Kanwar & Mehta (1970) have reported that water containing 2 mg B/l is hazardous if used on heavy soils. For sandy loam soils of semi-arid tracts in India, Chauhan & Powar (1978) have reported reductions in the grain yield of wheat and pea at 4 and 6 mg B/l respectively, while under similar conditions grain yield of lentil and barley was reduced at 3 and 6 mg B/l respectively (Chauhan & Asthana, 1981). So far, few attempts have been made to evaluate the effect of boronated saline water on soil and crops, under different agroclimatic conditions. A study of the effect of boronated saline water on an important oil-seed crop, linseed, on alkaline sandy loam soil in the semi-arid region of Agra, India was therefore undertaken.

scholarly journals Can the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica sand-fixing forest develop sustainably in a semi-arid region?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiben Cheng ◽  
Hongbin Zhan ◽  
Mingchang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Mu Us Sandy Land ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Desertification is a global environmental and societal concern at present, and China is one of the countries that face the most severe damage of desertification. China’s so-called Three North shelterbelt Program (3NSP) has produced a vast area of lined forest in the semi-arid regions with the purpose of battling desertification. Such a wind-breaking and sand-fixing forest has successfully slowed down the incursion of desert. However, the vast artificial forestry consumes a large amount of water resources, which profoundly affect the fragile ecological environment in the semi-arid regions. In turn, a large amount of water loss also causes a great number of vegetation deaths or defects. To understand the water balance and sustainable development of artificial forest in semi-arid region, this study uses the 30-year-old lined Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica sand-fixing forest in the eastern part of Mu Us Sandy land in Northwestern China as an example. Specifically, this investigation studies the redistribution of water in soil under existing precipitation conditions, so as to evaluate whether the rain-feed forestry can develop sustainably or not. Rain gauge, newly designed lysimeter and soil moisture sensor are used to monitor precipitation, deep soil recharge (DSR) and soil water content, resulting in an accurate estimation of annual moisture distribution of the rain-feed Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. The study shows that there are two obvious moisture recharge processes in an annual base for the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest soil in Mu Us Sandy land: 1) the snow melted water infiltration-recharge process in the spring, and 2) the precipitation-recharge process in the summer. The recharge depth of the first process is 160 cm. The second process results in DSR (referring to recharge that can reach a depth more than 200 cm and may eventually replenish the groundwater reservoir). The DSR of 2016–2018 is 1.4 mm, 0.2 mm, 1.2 mm, respectively. To reach the recharge depths of 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm, and 200 cm, the corresponding precipitation intensities have to be 2.6 mm/d, 3.2 mm/d, 3.4 mm/d, 8.2 mm/d, 8.2 mm/d, and 13.2 mm/d, respectively. The annual evaporation amount in the Mu Us Sandyland Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest is 426.96 mm in 2016, 324.6 mm in 2017, 416.253 mm in 2018. This study concludes that under the current precipitation conditions, very small but observable DSR happened, thus the groundwater system underneath the forest may be replenished, meaning that the artificial Pinus forestry can probably develop sustainably. This study confirms that developing limited amount forestry in semi-arid regions is likely in a sustainable fashion. The widely variable annual precipitation in semi-arid areas may affect this conclusion and should be investigated in the future.

Towards improved disaster preparedness and climate proofing in semi-arid regions: development of an operational seasonal forecasting system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Lorenz ◽  
Tanja Portele ◽  
Patrick Laux ◽  
Harald Kunstmann
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Optimal Test ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>Seasonal hydrometeorological forecasts have the potential to significantly improve the regional water management, particularly in water-scarce regions. This includes a better disaster preparedness by developing e.g. forecast-based action plans for extreme climatic events like droughts and anomalous wet conditions. However, raw global products from data providers like the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) cannot be directly used for regional applications due to model biases and drifts as well as a coarse spatial resolutions of 35km and more. In this study, we present a comprehensive dataset of operationally available seasonal hydrometeorological forecasts based on ECMWF’s newest seasonal forecast system SEAS5 that is a) corrected for biases against ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data and b) spatially disaggregated to a higher spatial resolution of 0.1° (approx. 10km). We adopt a modified version of the Bias-Correction and Spatial Disaggregation (BCSD) technique, which is a highly robust method for regionalizing e.g. global climate data. The final repository contains daily ensemble forecasts for precipitation, temperature and radiation from 1981 to the present for 7 different semi-arid river basins in Iran (Karun), Sudan and Ethiopia (Tekeze-Atbara and Blue Nile), West-Africa (Niger and Volta), Brazil (Rio São Francisco) and Ecuador (Catamayo-Chira). In total, forecasts for more than 2.5 Million days for each variable and study region are corrected and disaggregated. An evaluation against reference data from ERA5 shows significantly reduced biases for the monthly averages as well as consistent and lead-independent forecast characteristics like wet/dry-day frequencies. As the entire repository is freely available, it provides an optimal test-bed for evaluating the forecast skill in different study regions; it allows to develop and implement e.g. hydrological forecasting systems and to train and educate local stakeholders and water experts. Our operational output of the forecasting system is already used by several authorities and weather services in Iran and Sudan; it thereby constitutes a large step towards an improved disaster preparedness and, hence, the climate proofing of the water sector particularly in these semi-arid regions.</p>

scholarly journals Simulation of water and salts dynamics in Bouhajla (Central Tunisia): exceptional rainfall effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kanzari ◽  
M. Hachicha ◽  
R. Bouhlila ◽  
J. Battle-Sales
Keyword(s):  
Model Calibration ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Central Tunisia ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Arid and semi-arid regions face the risk of soils and aquifers salinization. Rainy events are rare which is characteristic of these regions. They play a significant role in the leaching of salts from topsoil to deeper layers, which increases the risk of aquifers salinization. For this reason, a plot was selected in the semi-arid region of Bou Hajla (Central Tunisia). The simulation of water and salts dynamics was carried out by Hydrus-1D. Model calibration was realised on a flood irrigation experiment during 10 days and in a depth of 4 m. The hydrodynamic parameters were determined by inverse modelling. Model validation was performed successfully during 577 days. The simulation of water and salts dynamics has allowed the analysis of two scenarios: (i) the effect of a very rainy event (> 50mm/day) on the dynamics of salts. This type of event allows leaching of the accumulated salts in the topsoil which promotes their burial in the depth; (ii) the long-term evolution of the saline profile in 20 years showed the cyclical nature of salts leaching in the topsoil, the permanent accumulation of salts in the depth of around 2 m, and a continuous leaching in the deeper layers (around 4 m), which may increase groundwater contamination risk.

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