Micro-CT analysis of filling ability and porosity of root-end filling materials

Abstract Introduction Filling ability of retrograde cavity and porosity are important properties for root-end filling materials and may be evaluated by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Objective To evaluate filling ability and porosity of root-end filling materials using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Material and method Cavities with 1 mm internal diameter and 3 mm depth were prepared in bovine dentin sections by using ultrasonic tips (CVD No. 6.1107-6), and filled by Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA); Sealer 26 (S26) and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). Before and after filling, cavities were scanned by using micro-CT (SkyScan 1176). Filling and porosity were analyzed by using CTAn software. Filling ability was calculated based on volumetric percentage of the filled cavity. The number and percentage of closed pores were measured throughout entire extension of the filled cavity (total) and in each third (cervical, middle and apical), by using bi and tridimensional analyses. The filling data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests, and porosity data to Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn tests, at a 5% significance level. Result S26 and ZOE presented higher filling ability than MTA (p<0.05). S26 showed the highest total porosity (number and percentage) (p<0.05). In all thirds after 2D and 3D analyses, porosity was higher for S26 in comparison to MTA and ZOE (p<0.05). Conclusion Although Sealer 26 presented more porosity, the material was associated with a great filling ability. Micro-CT analysis showed no correlation between filling ability and porosity.

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Comparison of Obturation Quality after MTA Orthograde Filling with Various Obturation Techniques

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1719

Author(s):

Hae Jin An ◽

Hyunjung Yoon ◽

Hoi In Jung ◽

Dong-Hoon Shin ◽

Minju Song

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Filling Material ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Maxillary Molars ◽

Percentage Volume ◽

Ct Analysis ◽

Total P

This study aimed to quantify and compare the obturation quality after mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) orthograde fillings with three different obturation techniques. Thirty-three extracted human maxillary molars were collected. Distobuccal and palatal canals were prepared to an apical size of #40/06 with a Profile Ni-Ti system. All 66 canals were divided into two groups according to the material (EZ-seal or OrthoMTA) and then obturated using three different techniques: manual compaction using S-kondenser (group H), compactor activation (group C), or reverse rotary motion of Ni-Ti file (group R). The obturated roots were scanned using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The percentage of voids located in the apical 5 mm was measured separately, that is, closed, open, and total porosity. There was no relation between the filling material and obturation technique (p > 0.05). The percentage volume of open and total porosity was higher in EZ-seal than in OrthoMTA (open: p = 0.002, total: p = 0.001). Group H showed higher open and total porosity than groups C and R. Micro-CT analysis showed that the void volume after orthograde MTA fillings significantly decreased when the additional activation was accompanied by hand condensation. Obturation with a Ni-Ti file using reverse motion could be recommended as an MTA orthograde filling technique.

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Influence of Shrinkage and Viscosity of Flowable Composite Liners on Cervical Microleakage of Class II Restorations: A Micro-CT Analysis

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-091-l ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 656-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J Nie ◽

AU Yap ◽

XY Wang

Keyword(s):

Complex Viscosity ◽

Class Ii ◽

Volumetric Shrinkage ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Significance Level ◽

Flowable Composite ◽

Ct Analysis ◽

Expansion System ◽

The One ◽

Composite Liners

SUMMARY This study determined the influence of shrinkage and viscosity of flowable composite liners on the cervical microleakage of Class II restorations using micro-CT. Seven composites of varying viscosities were selected and included five giomers (Shofu Beautifil II [BF], Flow Plus F00 and F03 [F00 and F03], Flow F02 and F10 [F02 and F10]) and 2 nano-filled composites (3M-ESPE Filtek Z350 [Z350] and Filtek Z350 Flowable [Z350F]). Polymerization shrinkage (n=7) was assessed with the Acuvol volumetric shrinkage analyzer while complex viscosity was determined with the advanced rheometric expansion system at 25°C. Standardized Class II restorations incorporating 1-mm horizontal layers of different flowable liners and 3-mm oblique layers of BF or Z350 were subjected to a silver nitrate test for 24 hours and examined using micro-CT. Microleakage was determined at 0.1-mm intervals from the buccal to lingual surfaces providing 30 sites per specimen and scored accordingly. Statistical analysis was performed with the one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's rho correlation at a significance level of p<0.05. Mean volumetric shrinkage ranged from 5.33±0.17% to 2.35±0.02% for F02 to Z350, respectively. The flowable materials had significantly higher shrinkage than did their sculptable counterparts (BF and Z350). Complex viscosities ranged from 9.65 to 4.20 (Z350 and F10, respectively) at a frequency of 10 rad/s and from 8.16 to 3.28 (Z350 and F03, respectively) for 100 rad/s. Giomer restorations had significantly less leakage than did those restored with nano-filled composites. No microleakage was observed with restorations lined with F02 or F10. The use of flowable liners reduced cervical microleakage of Class II restorations. Interfacial integrity of Class II restorations was significantly correlated with liner viscosity, filler volume, and shrinkage.

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Solubility, Porosity, Dimensional and Volumetric Change of Endodontic Sealers

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201902607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 368-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fernanda Ferrari Esteves Torres ◽

Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru ◽

Roberta Bosso-Martelo ◽

Camila Galletti Espir ◽

Josette Camilleri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Dimensional Stability ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Volumetric Change ◽

Significance Level ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Endodontic Sealers

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate physical properties of endodontic sealers (AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and Endofill), by conventional and micro-CT tests. Dimensional stability was evaluated after immersion of materials in distilled water for 30 days. Solubility and volumetric change were evaluated after 7 and 30 days of immersion in distilled water. Solubility was evaluated by means of mass loss and volumetric change was assessed by micro-CT. Porosity was evaluated under a microscope after 7 days of immersion in distilled water, and by using micro-CT after setting and immersion in distilled water for 7 and 30 days. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test with 5% significance level. MTA Fillapex presented the highest solubility (p<0.05), showing values above the ISO/ADA recommendations. MTA Fillapex presented higher volumetric and dimensional changes, followed by Endofill and AH Plus (p<0.05). Dimensional stability of the MTA Fillapex and AH Plus did not follow ISO/ADA standards. The highest total porosity was observed for MTA Fillapex (p<0.05). Endofill had higher total porosity than AH Plus according to microscope evaluation (p<0,05), and both sealers were similar in micro-CT assessment (p>0,05). In conclusion, MTA Fillapex presented higher solubility, dimensional and volumetric change besides porosity compared to the other evaluated sealers. The assessed physical properties of sealers are related, and the different tests provided complementary data. Micro-CT is a valuable method for assessment of physical properties of endodontic materials.

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Endodontic Retreatment Using a Single Instrument from four Nickel-Titanium Systems - A Micro-CT Study

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440202003463 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 605-610

Author(s):

Marco Antonio Diniz Azevedo ◽

Thiago Gomes da Silva ◽

Ângela Fernandes ◽

Lucila Piasecki ◽

Luiz Fernando Fariniuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

File Systems ◽

Filling Material ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Significance Level ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Single File ◽

Ct Data ◽

Time Required ◽

Single Instrument ◽

Endodontic Retreatment

Abstract This study evaluated the efficiency of using a single instrument from three different rotary multi-file systems and compared them with that of a reciprocating single-file for endodontic retreatment by means of micro-CT. Sixty extracted canines were prepared using a size F2 ProTaper Universal file and obturated. After 30 days of storage at 37ºC and 100% humidity, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=15) based on the type of instrument used to retreatment: ProTaper Next (PTN), ProTaper Gold (PTG), TRUShape 3D (TS), and WaveOne (WO). The canals were retreated using only the size 40 instrument from each system according to the manufacturer’s recommendations for torque and speed. The time required to remove the filling material was recorded in seconds. The amount of initial and residual filling material and the quantity of dentin removed were assessed by means of micro-CT. Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis) at a 5% significance level. TS instruments required the highest (p<0.05) amount of time (mean, 384.80 ±144.92) compared with the WO (229.67±68.16) and PTG (248.67±64.22) and not so different from PTN instruments (327.67±133.3). No differences in the amount of dentin removed, initial and residual filling volume, and percentages of filling material were observed among the groups. The use of a single rotary instrument from the PTG, TS, and PTN systems was as effective as that of the single-file reciprocating WO system. However, none of the instruments was able to remove the filling materials completely.

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Nondestructive Microcomputed Tomography Evaluation of Mineral Density in Exfoliated Teeth with Hypophosphatasia

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2016/4898456 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sachiko Hayashi-Sakai ◽

Takafumi Hayashi ◽

Makoto Sakamoto ◽

Jun Sakai ◽

Junko Shimomura-Kuroki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Teeth ◽

Microcomputed Tomography ◽

Noninvasive Evaluation ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Enamel Hypoplasia ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Mean Values ◽

Ct Analysis ◽

The Mean ◽

Primary Lateral

Most cases of hypophosphatasia (HPP) exhibit early loss of primary teeth. Results of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis of teeth with HPP have rarely been reported. The purpose of the present study was to describe the mineral density distribution and mapping of exfoliated teeth from an HPP patient using micro-CT. Four exfoliated teeth were obtained from a patient with HPP. Enamel and dentin mineral densities of exfoliated teeth were measured on micro-CT. The mean values of enamel and dentin mineral densities in mandibular primary central incisors with HPP were 1.61 and 0.98 g/cm3, respectively. The corresponding values in the mandibular primary lateral incisors were 1.60 and 0.98 g/cm3, respectively. Enamel hypoplasia was seen in the remaining teeth, both maxillary and mandibular primary canines and first and second molars. Micro-CT enables nondestructive, noninvasive evaluation and is useful for studying human hard tissues obtained from patients.

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PLA-Based Mineral-Doped Scaffolds Seeded with Human Periapical Cyst-Derived MSCs: A Promising Tool for Regenerative Healing in Dentistry

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12040597 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 597 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marco Tatullo ◽

Gianrico Spagnuolo ◽

Bruna Codispoti ◽

Fausto Zamparini ◽

Anqi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Pore Wall ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Thermally Induced ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Ct Analysis ◽

Periapical Cyst

Human periapical cyst mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) are a newly discovered cell population innovatively collected from inflammatory periapical cysts. The use of this biological waste guarantees a source of stem cells without any impact on the surrounding healthy tissues, presenting a valuable potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In the present study, hPCy-MSCs were collected, isolated, and seeded on three experimental mineral-doped porous scaffolds produced by the thermally-induced phase-separation (TIPS) technique. Mineral-doped scaffolds, composed of polylactic acid (PLA), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and/or hydraulic calcium silicate (CaSi), were produced by TIPS (PLA-10CaSi, PLA-5CaSi-5DCPD, PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD). Micro-CT analysis evaluated scaffolds micromorphology. Collected hPCy-MSCs, characterized by cytofluorimetry, were seeded on the scaffolds and tested for cell proliferation, cells viability, and gene expression for osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation (DMP-1, OSC, RUNX-2, HPRT). Micro-CT revealed an interconnected highly porous structure for all the scaffolds, similar total porosity with 99% open pores. Pore wall thickness increased with the percentage of CaSi and DCPD. Cells seeded on mineral-doped scaffolds showed a superior proliferation compared to pure PLA scaffolds (control), particularly on PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD at day 12. A higher number of non-viable (red stained) cells was observable on PLA scaffolds at days 14 and 21. DMP-1 expression increased in hPCy-MSCs cultured on all mineral-doped scaffolds, in particular on PLA-5CaSi-5DCPD and PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD. In conclusion, the innovative combination of experimental scaffolds colonized with autologous stem cells from periapical cyst represent a promising strategy for regenerative healing of periapical and alveolar bone.

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Comparison of Various Root Canal Filling Materials and Obturation Techniques for Primary Teeth Using Microcomputed Tomography

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/23202068211036148 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232020682110361

Author(s):

Gulce Ozturk ◽

Mustafa Aydinbelge ◽

Husniye Gumus

Keyword(s):

Local Anesthesia ◽

Root Canal ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Primary Root ◽

Microcomputed Tomography ◽

The Other ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Significant Difference

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different filling materials and obturation techniques for root canal obturation in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Eighty maxillary primary incisors were included in this in vitro study. After biomechanical preparation, all samples were scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and root canal volumes were calculated. Samples were grouped according to filling materials and obturation techniques, with ten samples in each group. The samples were filled with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and Vitapex using four different obturation techniques (local anesthesia syringe, lentulo spiral, pastinject, and lentulo spiral–ultrasonic activation). After filling, samples were scanned a second time using micro-CT and root canal volumes were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: When the ZOE and Vitapex were compared, it was observed that there were no significant differences between their postobturated volumes, percentage obturated volume (POV), internal void (IV), and percentage of internal void volume (PIV) ( P > .05). The local anesthesia syringe group had a significantly lower postobturated volume and POV, and a significantly higher IV and PIV for both filling materials than that by the other groups ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between the other obturation techniques ( P > .05). For the local anesthesia syringe group, postobturated volume and POV were significantly higher and IV and PIV were significantly lower with Vitapex than with ZOE ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between the other obturation techniques filled either with ZOE or Vitapex ( P > .05). Conclusion: Except for the syringe technique, no difference was observed between the ZOE and Vitapex materials. The syringe technique used in the primary root canal filling was less effective than the other techniques, which had similar efficacy, and in this technique, more effective canal filling was achieved with Vitapex.

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Challenges in perspective of life skills acquisition; implication for placement of life skills in university curriculum

Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports ◽

10.15561/26649837.2020.0406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 189-194

Author(s):

Wasim Khan ◽

Salahuddin Khan ◽

Tasleem Arif ◽

Sohail R. Khan

Keyword(s):

Life Skills ◽

Student Athletes ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Target Population ◽

Skills Acquisition ◽

Significance Level ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽

Educational Curriculum

Background and Study Aim: The main purpose behind the study was to establish the challenges in relation to the acquisition of life skills among university student-athletes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study assessed the extent to which the concern existing resources, facilitators, and trainer attitude influences life skills acquisition among student-athletes. Material and Methods: Descriptive survey research design was followed to obtain desirable results. The target population of this study consisted of all those who participated in different sport at the university level of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Amongst them, we selected a representative sample (n=389 fifty 50% of the total population) with the help of a simple random sampling technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version, 24 was used to code and analyse the data. The hypotheses were tested by applying statistical tests like Step-wise regression and independents sample t-test. The significance level of 0.05 was fixed to accept or reject the set hypotheses. Results: Findings of the study indicated that existing resources, facilitators, and trainer/coach attitude significantly influences life skills acquisition among student-athletes (.001, .001 & .000 < .05). The analysed data revealed no significantly difference regarding extent to which specific challenges such as existing resources, facilitators, and trainer attitude influences the acquisition of life skills (.500, .133 & .149 > .05). Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that all participants have agreed upon the importance of life skills. Therefore, the life skills course might be considered as an integral part of every educational curriculum of Pakistan. It is suggested that a minimum of 2 hours per week may be included in the educational curriculum of each discipline.

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Micro‐CT analysis of the Lisfranc complex reveals higher bone mineral density in dorsal compared to plantar regions

Journal of Orthopaedic Research® ◽

10.1002/jor.25164 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melissa R. Requist ◽

Yantarat Sripanich ◽

Tim Rolvien ◽

Amy L. Lenz ◽

Alexej Barg

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Ct Analysis

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A Micro-Computed Tomography Comparison of the Porosity in Additively Fabricated CuCr1 Alloy Parts Using Virgin and Surface-Modified Powders

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14081995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1995

Author(s):

Mirko Sinico ◽

Suraj Dinkar Jadhav ◽

Ann Witvrouw ◽

Kim Vanmeensel ◽

Wim Dewulf

Keyword(s):

High Energy ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Powder Bed ◽

Metallurgical Defects ◽

Ct Analysis ◽

Ct Data ◽

Surface Modified ◽

Fusion Pores

Recently, the use of novel CuCr1 surface-modified powder for reliable laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) manufacturing has been proposed, enabling a broader LPBF processing window and longer powder storage life. Nevertheless, virgin CuCr1 powder is also LPBF processable, on the condition that a high-energy density is employed. In this work, we compare two dense specimens produced from virgin and surface-modified CuCr1 powder. Furthermore, a third sample fabricated from surface-modified powder is characterized to understand an abnormal porosity content initially detected through Archimedes testing. Utilizing high-resolution micro-CT scans, the nature of the defects present in the different samples is revealed. Pores are analyzed in terms of size, morphology and spatial distribution. The micro-CT data reveal that the virgin CuCr1 dense specimen displays keyhole pores plus pit cavities spanning multiple layer thicknesses. On the other hand, the sample fabricated with the surface-modified CuCr1 powder mainly contains small and spherical equi-distributed metallurgical defects. Finally, the CT analysis of the third specimen reveals the presence of a W contamination, favoring lack-of-fusion pores between subsequent LPBF layers. The LPBF melting mode (keyhole or conductive), the properties of the material, and the potential presence of contaminants are connected to the different porosity types and discussed.

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