scholarly journals Detection of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins in captive South American river turtles, Podocnemis expansa

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Katarine de SOUZA ROCHA ◽  
Louysse Helene MONTEIRO ◽  
Juliana Maria SANTOS MIRANDA ◽  
Ianny Watuzy MONTEIRO BAIA ◽  
Thamillys Rayssa MARQUES MONTEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
South American ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
American River ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa ◽  
Infected Urine

ABSTRACT Leptospirosis is a zoonosis transmitted by contact with infected urine or water contaminated with the agent. Searches for Leptospira spp. in reptiles are scarce although most species have contact with aquatic environments. We evaluated the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in Podocnemis expansa housed at the Amazonian Zoobotanical Garden, in Belém, Pará state, Brazil. We analyzed 74 serum samples through the microscopic agglutination test using 31 live antigens from different Leptospira spp. serogroups. Thirty samples (40.5%) were positive against Leptospira spp., with titrations between 100 and 3,200 for one or more serogroups. The Hebdomadis serogroup was the most prevalent, with 26 (87%) out of the 30 positive samples, followed by Djasiman, with two (7%) and Celledoni and Bataviae with one (3%) sample each. The detection of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins in P. expansa suggests that the aquatic environment is a transmission route for this pathogen among chelonians.

scholarly journals Identification of antibodies to Leptospira spp. in the spot-legged turtle (Rhinoclemmys punctularia) maintained in captivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3763
Author(s):  
Katarine de Souza Rocha ◽  
Ianny Watuzy Monteiro Baia ◽  
Louysse Helene Monteiro ◽  
Juliana Maria Santos Miranda ◽  
Thamillys Rayssa Marques Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Water Tanks

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution in which the agent can infect several animal species and accidentally humans. In view of the limited number of studies on anti-Leptospira antibodies in wild animal species, especially those living in aquatic environments, we sought in this study to investigate the presence of these antibodies in the spot-legged turtle (Rhinoclemmys punctularia) maintained in captivity in the Rodrigues Alves Botanical Garden–Amazon Zoobotanical Park, located in Belém, Pará State, Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 31 turtles, and identification of anti-Leptospira antibodies was performed using the microscopic agglutination test, using a collection of 31 live antigens which represent 19 serogroups of Leptospira. Among the analyzed samples, 54.83% (17/31) were observed to be reactive, and co-agglutination was detected in a further six samples which were not accounted for in the frequency of serogroups. The most frequently detected serogroups were Tarassovi 72.72% (8/11), Celledoni 18.18% (2/11), and Pomona 9.09% (1/11)], with titers ranging from 200 to 400, being this the first study to report infection of these serogroups in this species of chelonios. The animals were kept in water tanks, which probably favored the transport of the agent and allowed its transmission to the spot-legged turtle. We thus confirmed presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in chelonians maintained in the Rodrigues Alves Botanical Garden.

Kinship Analysis of Offspring of the Giant South American River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa) Using Microsatellite DNA Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Cleiton Fantin ◽  
Jorge Ferreira ◽  
Mara Magalhães ◽  
Thais da Silva Damasseno ◽  
Dorothy Ivila de Melo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
South American ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
American River ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa

Embryonic development of the Giant South American River Turtle, Podocnemis expansa (Testudines: Podocnemididae)

Zoomorphology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela S. Magalhães ◽  
Richard C. Vogt ◽  
Antônio Sebben ◽  
Lucas Castanhola Dias ◽  
Moacir Franco de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
South American ◽  
American River ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. Infection in Cattle from Central and Northern Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2014
Author(s):  
Theresa Schafbauer ◽  
Anou Dreyfus ◽  
Benedikt Hogan ◽  
Raphael Rakotozandrindrainy ◽  
Sven Poppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Very High

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance, especially in tropical countries. The current Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in cattle from central and northern Madagascar is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence resulting from infections with pathogenic Leptospira spp. in zebu cattle from these areas. Serum samples from 194 animals were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of 12 serovars as antigens. Samples with a titer of ≥1:100 were considered positive. The overall seroprevalence was 59.3% (95% CI; 52.0–66.2%) with titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:1600. Among the seropositive animals, the most frequent antibody reactions were against serovar L. Tarassovi (serogroup L. Tarassovi) with 40.2% (33.3–47.5%), followed by L. Hardjo (L. Sejroe) with 13.9% (9.5–19.8%), L. Grippotyphosa (L. Grippotyphosa) with 9.8% (6.2–15.1%), L. Pomona (L. Pomona) with 7.7% (4.5–12.7%) and L. Autumnalis (L. Autumnalis) with 5.2% (2.6–9.5%). Less than 5% of the samples reacted positively against the remaining serovars. These results indicate a very high exposure of Malagasy cattle to Leptospira spp. which, consequently, poses a definite risk for people working with cattle acquiring this zoonotic infection.

First Report of Female Giant South American River Turtles (Podocnemis expansa) Being Buried Alive During Nesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Priscila Saikoski Miorando ◽  
Roberto Victor Lacava ◽  
Raphael Alves Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
First Report ◽  
American River ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa ◽  
River Turtles

scholarly journals Serological diagnosis and molecular characterization of Leptospira spp. in the blood and urine of bovine females from refrigerated slaughterhouses

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Aliny Fernanda de Oliveira ◽  
Roberta Torres Chiderolli ◽  
Luciano Seraphim Gasques ◽  
Arianne Peruzo Pires Gonçalves ◽  
Érica Dourado Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Leptospirosis is an important socioeconomic disease in humans, as well as in domestic and wild animals, being caused by Leptospira spp. Bovine animals are considered reservoirs of this disease, because they intermittently disseminate the bacteria into the environment through their urine. In this way, the cattle an important source of Leptospira infection. The objective of this study was to detect Leptospira spp. antibodies and DNA in bovine females from two refrigerated slaughterhouses in the microregion of Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil. In particular, blood and urine samples from 52 crossbred bovine females older than 36 months from the two slaughterhouses were used. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to detect leptospiral antibodies, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing were used to detect Leptospira DNA. The MAT yielded 22 (42.3%) serum samples considered reagent, while the nested PCR test resulted in one amplified sample (1.9%) of 289 bp. This single sample was then amplified again using primers for the SecY gene (549 bp). Sequencing of this gene characterized the bacteria as L. borgpetersenii that were similar to the serovar Hardjo of the genotype Hardjobovis. This is the first molecular confirmation of Hardjobovis-like L. borgpetersenii in the urine of crossbred bovine females older than 36 months from slaughterhouses in the microregion of Umuarama. This study’s results show that it is important to combine serological and molecular diagnosis in the detection of Leptospira spp. Therefore, both methods were used to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of this disease in bovine animals from the microregion of Umuarama. In addition, the analysis informed the subsequent adoption of preventive measures and educational One Health actions to prevent economic losses related to the herd, as well as social losses related to workers and the environment.

scholarly journals On the future of the giant South American river turtlePodocnemis expansa

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Forero-Medina ◽  
Camila R. Ferrara ◽  
Richard C. Vogt ◽  
Camila K. Fagundes ◽  
Rafael Antônio M. Balestra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
South American ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
American River ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Management Recommendations

AbstractThere is a long history of exploitation of the South American river turtlePodocnemis expansa. Conservation efforts for this species started in the 1960s but best practices were not established, and population trends and the number of nesting females protected remained unknown. In 2014 we formed a working group to discuss conservation strategies and to compile population data across the species’ range. We analysed the spatial pattern of its abundance in relation to human and natural factors using multiple regression analyses. We found that > 85 conservation programmes are protecting 147,000 nesting females, primarily in Brazil. The top six sites harbour > 100,000 females and should be prioritized for conservation action. Abundance declines with latitude and we found no evidence of human pressure on current turtle abundance patterns. It is presently not possible to estimate the global population trend because the species is not monitored continuously across the Amazon basin. The number of females is increasing at some localities and decreasing at others. However, the current size of the protected population is well below the historical population size estimated from past levels of human consumption, which demonstrates the need for concerted global conservation action. The data and management recommendations compiled here provide the basis for a regional monitoring programme among South American countries.

scholarly journals Aglutininas anti- Leptospira spp. em equídeos da região sul do Brasil abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Renata Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Glaucenyra Cecília Pinheiro da Silva ◽  
Nivaldo Aparecido de Assis ◽  
Luis Antonio Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Federal Food ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Inspection Service

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in serum samples of horses slaughtered in an abattoir, under the Brazilian federal food inspection service, in the southern region of Brazil. We tested 767 blood samples from adult horses slaughtered from April to May, 2013. The animals came from 45 municipalities in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná. For the diagnosis we used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The results showed that 687 horses reacted to at least one of the 24 serovars of Leptospira spp., with titer equal to or greater than 100, representing 89.57% (95% CI: 87.41%–91.73%). The most likely serovars were Patoc (9.91%), Butembo (9.13%), Australis (7.82%), and Bratislava (5.87%). There was no significant difference (p = 0.2795) in the number of positive animals by state. The proportion of MAT-positive males and females differed significantly (p = 5.4444 x 10-5) since 85.26% (95% CI: 82.82%–88.70%) of the males and 94.44 (95% CI: 92.07%–96.81%) of the females were reactive. The results of this study demonstrate a high rate exposure to several serovars of Leptospira in slaughtered horses. For the protection of animal, public, and occupational health, we suggest attention to infections in this host in order to reduce the risk of leptospirosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of Leptospira spp. infection in bovine herds in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e180127
Author(s):  
Renata Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Danila Fernanda Rodrigues Frias ◽  
Glaucenyra Cecília Pinheiro da Silva ◽  
Talita Ribeiro Silva ◽  
Nivaldo Aparecido de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The epidemiological characteristics of bovine leptospirosis in animals and herds in Mato Grosso do Sul were investigated to determine parameters such as disease frequency and the serovars reactant in beef cattle herds. A total of 4,629 beef cattle herds were examined against 33 Leptospira spp. serovars. The serum samples were submitted to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis. The MAT results showed that 3,814 (82.39%) of the 4,629 animals evaluated were seropositive for the bacterium, with serological reactions mainly to serogroup Sejroe, serovar Wolffi (36.49%). The observed high frequency of reactive animals demonstrates the relevance of the infection. Therefore, general and specific measures should be implemented to contain and/or prevent infection of the animals in the studied region.

scholarly journals Turtles, indians and settlers: Podocnemis expansa exploitation and the Portuguese settlement in eighteenth-century Amazonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (44) ◽  
pp. 350-373
Author(s):  
Christian Fausto Moraes dos Santos ◽  
Marlon Marcel Fiori
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
South American ◽  
American River ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa ◽  
And Behavior

ABSTRACT During the eighteenth century, Portuguese settlers in Amazonia captured thousands of turtles and crushed millions of their eggs. These turtles, especially the Giant South American River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa), gave these settlers two essential resources: meat and oil. Though there is a rich historiography on turtle hunting, important social and environmental dimensions of the practice in Amazonia during the colonial period have been overlooked. In this paper we focus on how turtles played a key role in the diet and domestic needs of Portuguese settlers in the Amazon rainforest and explore the shape and magnitude of colonialism’s impact on these animals. The turtles became prime targets for Portuguese settlers because they were abundant and had characteristics and behavior that made them easy prey. Though P. expansa did not become extinct, Portuguese hunting had enduring impacts on their distribution and abundance that merit consideration.

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