scholarly journals Simultaneous selection of cupuassu tree and Brazilian mahogany genotypes in an agroforestry system in Pará state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Rafael Moysés ALVES ◽  
Saulo Fabrício da Silva CHAVES ◽  
Marcos André Piedade GAMA ◽  
Jack Loureiro PEDROZA NETO ◽  
Thalita Gomes dos SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
Tree Population ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Half Sibling ◽  
Response Variables

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate and select progenies and matrices of cupuassu-tree siblings, and to select Brazilian mahogany matrices with superior characteristics to be used in agroforestry systems (AFS). Twenty-five full cupuassu tree sibling progenies and one Brazilian mahogany half-sibling progeny were evaluated. The study was conducted for 14 years in a commercial property in Tomé Açu, Pará State, Brazil. The number of fruits and fruit yield per plant, as well as the rate of plants with symptoms of witches’ broom disease, were used as response variables for cupuassu. For mahogany, the following response variables were used: total height, commercial height, crown height, diameter at breast height and commercial wood volume. There were five cupuassu tree progenies with interesting characteristics to be used in AFS. Based on the high values observed in the selection accuracy and heritabilities, a good potential for the selection of promising individuals in the cupuassu tree population is inferred. Based on the ranking of genotypic values and their agronomic performance, 10 matrices of cupuassu tree were selected. For Brazilian mahogany, three matrices showed excellent silvicultural performance. The matrices of these two species should be propagated vegetatively in order to evaluate clonal tests.

scholarly journals Cupuaçu tree genotype selection for an agroforestry system environment in the Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Moysés Alves ◽  
Saulo Fabrício da Silva Chaves ◽  
Rodrigo Silva Alves ◽  
Thalita Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Dênmora Gomes de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to select cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) tree progenies and individuals based on their agronomic traits, and, indirectly, to identify those adapted to an agroforestry system (AFS) environment in the Brazilian Amazon. For this purpose, 25 full-sib progenies were planted and tested in consortium with black pepper (Piper nigrum), banana (Musa spp.), and bacuri (Platonia insignis) trees. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates and three plants per plot, from 2005 to 2019. For the statistical analyses, the phenotypic averages for production and incidence of witches’ broom disease, evaluated during 11 harvests, were used. Superior progenies and individuals were identified using the mixed model methodology (REML/BLUP), which led to the selection of ten plants from five families with superior agronomic traits. Cupuaçu tree progenies 6, 36, 37, 49, and 52 are the ones that best adapt to the environment of a multispecies AFS in the Amazon region because of their agronomic traits under competitive conditions. Ten matrices show agronomic potential and indirect adaptation to the AFS and can be used as clonal cupuaçu cultivars in this environment.

scholarly journals Agroforestry for restoration of degraded peatlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Eni Maftu’ah ◽  
Ani Susilawati ◽  
Yiyi Sulaeman
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Selection Of

The area of degreded peatlands in Indonesia is estimated at 4.4 million ha. Currently, the degraded peatland often a source of environmental problems, including sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land fires. Restoration of degraded peatlands is intended to restore the value, function and benefits of the peat ecosystem, including efforts to prevent land damage, provide protection, and restore the ecosystem. One of the efforts to restore degraded peatlands is through revegetation. Agroforestry is a cropping pattern that uses a combination of tree crops with seasonal crops, and/or with livestock/fisheries activities. Agroforestry systems can be applied to degraded peatlands in production forest areas and other use areas. The advantages of agroforestry systems include; optimization of land, diversification of crops, reduce the risk of failure, can also prevent land preparation (for seasonal crops) with the burn system, and increase carbon stock. The success of an agroforestry system is very dependent on tree management which can reduce adverse effects and maximize the beneficial effects physically, economically, socially and environmentally. The selection of tree and agricultural plant types is important in order to restore degraded peatlands. The jelutung + pineapple agroforestry system provides physical, economic, social and environmental benefits. Jelutung + corn + horticultural crops are able to provide significant benefits. Agroforestry systems can be implemented to mitigate carbon emissions in degraded peatlands.

scholarly journals Which Socio-economic Conditions Drive the Selection of Agroforestry at the Forest Frontier?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gosling ◽  
Thomas Knoke ◽  
Esther Reith ◽  
Alyna Reyes Cáceres ◽  
Carola Paul
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Robust Optimisation ◽  
Land Use Model ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractModels are essential to assess the socio-economic credentials of new agroforestry systems. In this study, we showcase robust optimisation as a tool to evaluate agroforestry’s potential to meet farmers’ multiple goals. Our modelling approach has three parts. First, we use a discrete land-use model to evaluate two agroforestry systems (alley cropping and silvopasture) and conventional land uses against five socio-economic objectives, focusing on the forest frontier in eastern Panama. Next, we couple the land-use model with robust optimisation, to determine the mix of land uses (farm portfolio) that minimises trade-offs between the five objectives. Here we consider uncertainty to simulate the land-use decisions of a risk-averse farmer. Finally, we assess how the type and amount of agroforestry included in the optimal land-use portfolio changes under different environmental, socio-economic and political scenarios, to explore the conditions that may make agroforestry more attractive for farmers. We identify silvopasture as a promising land use for meeting farmers’ goals, especially for farms with less productive soils. The additional labour demand compared to conventional pasture, however, may prove an important barrier to adoption for farms facing acute labour shortages. The selection of agroforestry responded strongly to changes in investment costs and timber prices, suggesting that cost-sharing arrangements and tax incentives could be effective strategies to enhance adoption. We found alley cropping to be less compatible with farmers’ risk aversion, but this agroforestry system may still be a desirable complement to the land-use portfolio, especially for farmers who are more profit-oriented and tolerant of risk.

scholarly journals Advances in Fabricating the Electrospun Biopolymer-Based Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wilk ◽  
Aleksandra Benko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Green Material ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Fibrous Morphology ◽  
Selection Of

Biopolymers formed into a fibrous morphology through electrospinning are of increasing interest in the field of biomedicine due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and biodegradability and their ability to be biomimetic to various fibrous structures present in animal tissues. However, their mechanical properties are often unsatisfactory and their processing may be troublesome. Thus, extensive research interest is focused on improving these qualities. This review article presents the selection of the recent advances in techniques aimed to improve the electrospinnability of various biopolymers (polysaccharides, polynucleotides, peptides, and phospholipids). The electrospinning of single materials, and the variety of co-polymers, with and without additives, is covered. Additionally, various crosslinking strategies are presented. Examples of cytocompatibility, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties are analyzed. Special attention is given to whey protein isolate as an example of a novel, promising, green material with good potential in the field of biomedicine. This review ends with a brief summary and outlook for the biomedical applicability of electrospinnable biopolymers.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ROSE WOOD, GUAVA, EUCALYPTUS, SACRED FIG AND JAMAN LEAF LITTER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT ( Triticum aestivum L.) IN A WHEAT-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
H.A. RAUF ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
B. SHAHZAD ◽  
M.A Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Selection of tree species under agroforestry systems is crucial to sustain the productivity of a crop. In present study, allelopathic effects of the leaf litters of 5 trees named Rose wood (Dalbergia sissoo), Guava (Pisidium guajava), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini) species on wheat growth and yield was examined. Leaf litter of each tress species was mixed in soil with two doses @ 100 and 200 g of leaves of each species per pot. Higher shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of spikelets per spike and biological yield were recorded in 200 g sun dried Jaman (Syzygium cumini) leaves. Total number of tillers per plant and number of ears per plant were higher under the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (200 g sun dried) as compared to other treatments. Spike length, grain yield per pot, number of grains per pot and harvest index were maximum in 200 g sun-dried Sacred fig (Ficu sreligiosa) leaves. Majority of the parameters were promoted at lower doses of leaves per pot, however, at higher doses they started inhibiting the growth and grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals High organic inputs explain shallow and deep SOC storage in a long-term agroforestry system – Combining experimental and modeling approaches

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Cardinael ◽  
Bertrand Guenet ◽  
Tiphaine Chevallier ◽  
Christian Dupraz ◽  
Thomas Cozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Root Senescence ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. Agroforestry is an increasingly popular farming system enabling agricultural diversification and providing several ecosystem services. In agroforestry systems, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are generally increased, but it is difficult to disentangle the different factors responsible for this storage. Organic carbon (OC) inputs to the soil may be larger, but SOC decomposition rates may be modified owing to microclimate, physical protection, or priming effect from roots, especially at depth. We used an 18-year-old silvoarable system associating hybrid walnut trees (Juglans regia × nigra) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum), and an adjacent agricultural control plot to quantify all OC inputs to the soil – leaf litter, tree fine root senescence, crop residues, and tree row herbaceous vegetation –, and measure SOC stocks down 2 m depth at varying distances from the trees. We then proposed a model that simulates SOC dynamics in agroforestry accounting for both the whole soil profile and the lateral spatial heterogeneity. OC inputs to soil were increased by about 40 % (+1.11 t C ha−1 yr−1) down to 2 m depth in the agroforestry plot compared to the control, resulting in an additional SOC stock of 6.3 t C ha−1 down to 1 m depth. The model described properly the measured SOC stocks and distribution with depth. It showed that the increased inputs of fresh biomass to soil explained the observed additional SOC storage in the agroforestry plot. Moreover, modeling revealed a strong priming effect that would reduce the potential SOC storage due to higher organic inputs in the agroforestry system by 75 to 90 %. This result questions the potential of soils to store large amounts of carbon, especially at depth. Deep-rooted trees modify OC inputs to soil, a process that deserves further studies given its potential effects on SOC dynamics.

scholarly journals Rice cultivar selection in an agroforestry system through GGE-biplot and EBLUP

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufan Alam ◽  
Priyono Suryanto ◽  
Supriyanta Supriyanta ◽  
Panjisakti Basunanda ◽  
Rani Agustina Wulandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi

Abstract. Alam T, Suryanto P, Supriyanta, Basunanda P, Wulandari RA, Kastono D, Widyawan MH, Nurmansyah, Taryono. 2021. Rice cultivar selection in an agroforestry system through GGE-biplot and EBLUP. Biodiversitas 22: 4750-4757. Genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) causes differences in the productivity of rice cultivars in agroforestry systems. For this reason, the stability of rice cultivars is an important aspect that should be considered before a cultivar is recommended to farmers. Superior genotypes and ideal environments are commonly identified using two statistical models, namely, genotype–genotype-by-environment biplot (GGE-biplot) and empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP). In this study, 15 rice cultivars were evaluated in terms of their productivity and stability in three soil types (Lithic Haplusterts, Ustic Epiaquerts, and Vertic Haplustalfs) in an agroforestry system with kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) in 2019 and 2020 at the Menggoran Forest Resort, Playen Forest Section, Yogyakarta Forest Management District, Indonesia. The cultivars were treated as random effects to select and obtain the EBLUP of the best cultivars in each soil type. The EBLUP revealed that Situ Patenggang showed the highest yields of 4.887 and 5.456 tons ha?1 in Lithic Haplusterts and Vertic Haplustalfs, respectively. GM 28 exhibited the highest yield of 6.492 tons ha?1 in Ustic Epiaquerts. Ciherang, GM 2, GM 8, GM 11, GM 28, Inpari 6 Jete, Inpari 33, IR-64, and Way Apo Buru were classified as stable and fairly stable cultivars, whereas the other cultivars were unstable. Therefore, rice cultivars with high yields in specific soil types should be selected.

scholarly journals Predictive Models to Estimate Carbon Stocks in Agroforestry Systems

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Magioni Marçal ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
Rose Luiza Moraes Tavares ◽  
Camila Viana Vieira Farhate ◽  
Stanley Robson Medeiros Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Random Forest Algorithm ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Physical And Chemical Variables ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study aims to assess the carbon stock in a pasture area and fragment of forest in natural regeneration, given the importance of agroforestry systems in mitigating gas emissions which contribute to the greenhouse effect, as well as promoting the maintenance of agricultural productivity. Our other goal was to predict the carbon stock, according to different land use systems, from physical and chemical soil variables using the Random Forest algorithm. We carried out our study at an Entisols Quartzipsamments area with a completely randomized experimental design: four treatments and six replites. The treatments consisted of the following: (i) an agroforestry system developed for livestock, (ii) an agroforestry system developed for fruit culture, (iii) a conventional pasture, and (iv) a forest fragment. Deformed and undeformed soil samples were collected in order to analyze their physical and chemical properties across two consecutive agricultural years. The response variable, carbon stock, was subjected to a boxplot analysis and all the databases were used for a predictive modeling which in turn used the Random Forest algorithm. Results led to the conclusion that the agroforestry systems developed both for fruit culture and livestock, are more efficient at stocking carbon in the soil than the pasture area and forest fragment undergoing natural regeneration. Nitrogen stock and land use systems are the most important variables to estimate carbon stock from the physical and chemical variables of soil using the Random Forest algorithm. The predictive models generated from the physical and chemical variables of soil, as well as the Random Forest algorithm, presented a high potential for predicting soil carbon stock and are sensitive to different land use systems.

scholarly journals Gas exchange efficiency in Cocoa – Spanish elm agroforestry system in the northwest Antioquia, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 9283-9291
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Gómez-Yarce ◽  
Edna Rocío Mompotes-Largo ◽  
Aníbal López-Castro ◽  
Juan David Hernández-Arredondo ◽  
Oscar De Jesús Córdoba-Gaona
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Cordia Alliodora ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Exchange Parameters

The cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) under agroforestry systems, generates beneficial environmental conditions for cocoa crop physiology. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of shade trees (Spanish elm trees - Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pavon) Oken) planted along with cocoa (clone CCN51) under an agroforestry system on cocoa’s gas exchange parameters regarding the reduction of the light intensity over the cocoa-leaf canopy. The experiment was developed in the Centro de Investigación el Nus - Agrosavia, located in the municipality of San Roque, Antioquia. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design for the cocoa planting distances from the first row of Spanish elm trees interfacing with the cocoa plantation (4 m, 7 m, 10 m, 13 m). The statistical analysis was performed by estimating the area under the curve (AUC) of each variable, using the trapezoid equation of the statistical environment SAS® 9.4, an analysis of variances was performed to determine if there were statistical differences between treatments, and Tukey’s test at 5% probability was used to estimated statistical differences between means. There were significant differences in the treatments regarding the net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E). The highest values of gas exchange parameters were found in the plants located 13 m from elm trees, while the lowest values were presented at 4 m. Plants at 7 m and 10 m always showed intermediate values for all gas exchange parameters. In the same sense, plants at 13 m had a higher radiation use efficiency (RUE) compared to plants at 4 m. The arboreal component modified the environmental conditions on cocoa trees regarding its distribution, generating a differential response to the physiological behavior of cocoa plants.

scholarly journals Carbon Stock and Sequestration Potential of an Agroforestry System in Sabah, Malaysia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normah Awang Besar ◽  
Herawandi Suardi ◽  
Mui-How Phua ◽  
Daniel James ◽  
Mazlin Bin Mokhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Total aboveground carbon (TAC) and total soil carbon stock in the agroforestry system at the Balung River Plantation, Sabah, Malaysia were investigated to scientifically support the sustaining of natural forest for mitigating global warming via reducing carbon in the atmosphere. Agroforestry, monoculture, and natural tropical forests were investigated to calculate the carbon stock and sequestration based on three different combinations of oil palm and agarwood in agroforestry systems from 2014 to 2018. These combinations were oil palm (27 years) and agarwood (seven years), oil palm (20 years) and agarwood (seven years), and oil palm (17 years) and agarwood (five years). Monoculture oil palm (16 years), oil palm (six years), and natural tropical forest were set as the control. Three randomly selected plots for agroforestry and monoculture plantation were 0.25 ha (50 × 50 m), respectively, whereas for the natural tropical forest it was 0.09 ha (30 × 30 m). A nondestructive sampling method followed by the allometric equation determined the standing biomass. Organic and shrub layers collected in a square frame (1 × 1 m) were analyzed using the CHN628 series (LECO Corp., MI, USA) for carbon content. Soil bulk density of randomly selected points within the three different layers, that is, 0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 30 cm were used to determine the total ecosystem carbon (TEC) stock in each agroforestry system which was 79.13, 85.40, and 78.28 Mg C ha−1, respectively. The TEC in the monoculture oil palm was 76.44 and 60.30 Mg C ha−1, whereas natural tropical forest had the highest TEC of 287.29 Mg C ha−1. The forest stand had the highest TEC capacity as compared with the agroforestry and monoculture systems. The impact of planting systems on the TEC showed a statistically significant difference at a 95% confidence interval for the various carbon pools among the agroforestry, monoculture, and natural tropical forests. Therefore, the forest must be sustained because of its higher capacity to store carbon in mitigating global warming.

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