Social determinants and their interference in homicide rates in a city in northeastern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to analyze the possible relationship between social determinants and homicide mortality in Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. METHOD: To investigate whether the rate of mortality by homicides is related to social determinants, an ecological study with emphasis on spatial analysis was conducted in the city of Fortaleza. Social, economic, demographic and sanitation data, as well as information regarding years of potential life lost, and Human Development Index were collected. The dependent variable was the rate of homicides in the period 2004 to 2006. In order to verify the relationship between the outcome variable and the predictor variables, we performed a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS: We found associations between social determinants and the rate of mortality by homicides. Variables related to income and education were proven determinants for mortality. The multiple regression model showed that 51% of homicides in Fortaleza neighborhoods are explained by years of potential life lost, proportion of households with poor housing, average years of schooling, per capita income and percentage of household heads with 15 or more years of study. The coefficients for years of potential life lost and households with poor housing were positive. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the mortality by homicide is associated with high levels of poverty and uncontrolled urbanization, which migrates to the peripheries of urban centers.

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Decrease in Serum Urate Level Is Associated With Loss of Visceral Fat in Male Gout Patients

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.724822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zijing Ran ◽

Xiaomei Xue ◽

Lin Han ◽

Robert Terkeltaub ◽

Tony R. Merriman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

Serum Urate ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Final Visit ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Serum Urate Level ◽

Lowering Therapy ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveTo clarify the relationship between serum urate (SU) decrease and visceral fat area (VFA) reduction in patients with gout.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 237 male gout patients who had two sets of body composition and metabolic measurements within 6 months. Subjects included had all been treated with urate-lowering therapy (ULT) (febuxostat 20–80 mg/day or benzbromarone 25–50 mg/day, validated by the medical record). All patients were from the specialty gout clinic of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The multiple linear regression model evaluated the relationship between change in SU [ΔSU, (baseline SU) – (final visit SU)] and change in VFA [ΔVFA, (baseline VFA) – (final visit VFA)].ResultsULT resulted in a mean (standard deviation) decrease in SU level (464.22 ± 110.21 μmol/L at baseline, 360.93 ± 91.66 μmol/L at the final visit, p <0.001) accompanied by a decrease in median (interquartile range) VFA [97.30 (81.15–118.55) at baseline, 90.90 (75.85–110.05) at the final visit, p < 0.001]. By multiple regression model, ΔSU was identified to be a significant determinant variable of decrease in VFA (beta, 0.302; p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe decrease in SU level is positively associated with reduced VFA. This finding provides a rationale for clinical trials to affirm whether ULT promotes loss of visceral fat in patients with gout.

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The relationship between intellectual capital and financial statements readability: the role of management characteristics

Journal of Facilities Management ◽

10.1108/jfm-08-2021-0088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Mahdi Salehi ◽

Hassan Mohammadzadeh Moghadam ◽

Zohreh Hajiha

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Intellectual Capital ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Content Type ◽

The Relationship

Purpose The present study aims to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and the readability of financial statements with the mediating role of management characteristics of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In other words, this research tries to find the answer to whether intellectual capital can positively affect the readability of financial statements. Design/methodology/approach A multivariate regression model was used to test the hypotheses for this purpose. The research hypotheses were tested using a sample of 1,309 observations listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2018 and a multiple regression model based on panel data and fixed-effects models. Findings The results indicate that intellectual capital has a positive and significant relationship with the readability of financial statements, which means that with increasing intellectual capital in companies, financial statements’ readability also increases. Based on the hypothesis test results, it has been determined that narcissism, accrual and real earnings management have a negative effect on the relationship between intellectual capital and the readability of financial statements. Originality/value Since the present study examines such an issue in emerging markets, it provides users, analysts and legal entities with useful information about management’s inherent and acquired characteristics that significantly impact the purchase of audit opinion. This study’s results also contribute to developing science and knowledge in this field and close the literature gap.

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The relationship between audit components and audit expectation gap in listed companies on the Tehran stock exchange

Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting ◽

10.1108/jfra-12-2018-0115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 199-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahdi Salehi ◽

Fariba Jahanbin ◽

Mohammad Sadegh Adibian

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Audit Fees ◽

Listed Companies ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Content Type ◽

Expectation Gap ◽

Audit Firms ◽

The Relationship

Purpose The expectation gap between auditors and users has recently been the topic of many controversies. This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between auditor’s characteristics and audit expectation gap among information users in listed companies on the Tehran stock exchange market. In other words, the study attempts to find whether there is a significant relationship between audit components and the audit expectation gap or not. Design/methodology/approach The multiple regression model is used to test the hypotheses. Research hypotheses are tested using a sample of 78 listed companies on the Tehran stock exchange during 2012-2016, by using integrated data technique of the multiple regression model. Findings The findings show that standard audit fees are not significantly associated with the audit expectation gap. Furthermore, audit fees are negatively associated with the audit expectation gap, which provides that allocated audit price in financial statements gives useful information for external and internal individuals. Predictably, it is recommended that audit opinion significantly determines the level of the audit expectation gap. The authors also find that the independence of the director boards and audit committee members fulfill the expectation gap of individual users. Moreover, finding the negative impact of audit firms ranking on the expectation gap, supports the idea of higher ranked audit firms provide high quality services, and consequently, more reliable information. Finally, the results show that the audit record is positively associated with the audit expectation gap. Originality/value As all recent studies on the expectation gap were qualitative, the present study is the first paper, which measures the expectation gap quantitatively through the statistical method.

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What the City Has to Offer: Urbanization and Women's Empowerment in Turkey

Politics & Gender ◽

10.1017/s1743923x18000028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 235-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kursat Cinar ◽

Meral Ugur-Cinar

Keyword(s):

Urban Women ◽

Women's Empowerment ◽

Women’S Empowerment ◽

Survey Analysis ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Original Survey ◽

Impact Of Urbanization ◽

Turkish Case ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between urbanization and women's empowerment through the Turkish case. The article first tests statistically the overall impact of urbanization on women's empowerment by tapping into educational, economic, and political indicators at the province level. The results yield a positive relationship between urbanization and women's empowerment. We argue that these empowerment indicators demonstrate the necessary conditions of women's empowerment, yet whether these are sufficient for women to feel empowered needs to be further tested. To do so, the article utilizes an extensive original survey of 334 well-educated urban women in 43 out of 81 provinces of Turkey to examine the extent to which the results found in the quantitative section are paralleled by the actual experiences of women. The survey analysis reveals prospects and obstacles that well-educated women face in old and new urban centers. This nonrandom, purposive sample of seemingly empowered urban women shows that the barriers faced by these women would easily multiply when lower strata of society are reached. The Turkish case demonstrates that societal transformations such as urbanization have an imprint on the fates of women, yet further women's empowerment needs collective action at the political, legal, and societal levels.

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Social Risk Factors in Schizophrenia

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1994.74.3.795 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 795-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siegfried Weyerer

Keyword(s):

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Social Factors ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Social Selection ◽

Social Risk ◽

Social Risk Factors ◽

Research Strategies ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

In analyzing the relationship between social factors and schizophrenia one can distinguish two research strategies. Studies can focus on individual differences or the aggregate level. Several investigations indicate that social factors, e.g., low socioeconomic status, single status, ethnic group, are significantly associated with the prevalence of schizophrenia. To explain this relationship most investigators favor the hypothesis of social selection rather than a social causation. This view is also supported by an ecological study of the incidence of psychiatrically treated schizophrenic disorders in the city of Mannheim.

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Acceso a la vivienda en contextos de gentrificación y turistificación urbana

Tendencias Sociales Revista de Sociología ◽

10.5944/ts.4.2019.25258 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Mario Arroyo Alba

Keyword(s):

Social Problems ◽

Social Issues ◽

Global City ◽

Critical Perspective ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Housing Inequality ◽

Development Processes ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City ◽

The Way

Las principales ciudades de nuestro entorno se están viendo afectadas en la actualidad por tendencias urbanas globales que marcan el ritmo de su desarrollo. Procesos de transformación como la turistificación y la gentrificación están atravesando diferentes territorios, principalmente en los centros urbanos, e incidiendo de forma específica en la forma en que construimos nuestras ciudades. La relación entre problemas sociales como las dificultades en el acceso a la vivienda, la desigualdad y la segregación en el medio urbano y este tipo de transformaciones está siendo ampliamente estudiada por distintas disciplinas y cobrando relevancia en el ámbito académico. El presente artículo recoge los principales resultados y conclusiones de una investigación llevada a cabo con el objetivo de aproximarse al problema del acceso a la vivienda en este tipo de contextos, concretamente en el barrio madrileño de Lavapiés. De esta forma, se ha intentado analizar de forma crítica los procesos de transformación urbana y sus consecuencias en forma de problemas sociales.Major cities in Spain are being affected by global city trends that define the pace of their development. Processes of transformation like touristification and gentrification are crossing different territories, mainly in urban centers, and specifically affecting the way we build our cities. The relationship between social issues, like difficulties accessing housing, inequality, and the segregation of the city, and this type of transformation is being widely studied by a variety of disciplines and gaining more and more relevance in academia. This article presents the main results and conclusions of research carried out on the problem of access to housing in these kinds of contexts, specifically in the Lavapiés neighborhood of Madrid. In this way, the processes transforming the city and their consequences as social problems were analyzed from a critical perspective.

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Research on Consumer Behavior of Wine in HoChiMinh City

10.31219/osf.io/4cvn7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ha Nam Khanh Giao ◽

Pham Ngoc Duong ◽

Tran Ngoc Tu

Keyword(s):

Consumer Behavior ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Regression Model ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Discriminant Analysis Method ◽

The Relationship

This study was conducted to find out the factors affecting the consumers’ choice of wine in HoChiMinh City, Vietnam. The multiple regression model was not statistically significant for finding the relationship between the factors and the Money spent on wine, so discriminant analysis method was used to evaluate the contribution of factors to the differentiation between consumers’ group presented by average bottle consumed per month. The Symbolic benefit factor turned out to be the strongest, followed by Enjoyment benefit factor and Utilitarian & Experiental benefit factor. The findings were used to provide suggestions for wine marketers in Ho Chi Minh City market.

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Pengaruh Pemahaman Peraturan Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Dengan Preferensi Risiko Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

JURNAL EKSPLORASI AKUNTANSI ◽

10.24036/jea.v2i2.233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 2613-2619

Author(s):

Bima Perdana Putra ◽

Henri Agustin ◽

Mia Angelina Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Tax Compliance ◽

Risk Preference ◽

Model Analysis ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City ◽

Positive Effect

This study aims to see the effect of tax knowledge to taxpayer compliance with risk preference as a moderating variable. The sample in this study are taxpayer in the city of Padang as much as 156 sample. The analysis was done by using moderating regression model analysis. The results of this study indicate that: (1) tax knowledge has positive effect on the taxpayer compliance. (2) risk preference are able to moderate the relationship between tax knowledge to tax compliance

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Variações Termo-Higrométricas e Estudo de Ilha de Calor Urbana na Cidade de Bragança-PA e Circunvizinhança (Thermo-Hygrometric Variations and Study of Urban Heat Island in the City of Bragança-PA and Surrounding Region)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v9.2.p571-584 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 571

Author(s):

Abnoã Da Costa Costa ◽

Hernani Rodrigues ◽

Jefferson Costa ◽

Paulo Souza ◽

Joao Silva Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Meteorological Parameters ◽

Heat Island ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Heat Islands ◽

Urban Heat ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

Estudou-se algumas variáveis e parâmetros meteorológicos no período de 17 a 21 de novembro de 2014, na cidade de Bragança-PA e circunvizinhança, com a finalidade de entender como elas interferem no microclima da cidade e com isso fazer um estudo com a finalidade de obter uma breve característica do microclima na região. Os resultados mostraram que houveram diferenças de temperaturas entre os pontos, ou seja, algumas características de cada local influenciaram no aumento ou diminuição da temperatura do ar. A relação dos dados com as características de uso e ocupação do solo demonstrou uma influência significativa onde havia vegetação, devido a diminuição da temperatura do ar noturna e, consequentemente, minimização das ilhas de calor. Foi verificado também que as áreas com maior ocupação com construções e com maior pavimentação perderam menos calor, levando à formação de pequenas ilhas de calor noturnas mais intensas. Assim percebeu-se que na cidade, bem como aquelas que passaram por processos de urbanização, segundo literatura, possuem ilha de calor, que consiste em temperaturas mais elevadas durante a noite, causando assim o desconforto humano. Com isso, as alterações microclimáticas na cidade de Bragança-PA, assim como em outros centros urbanos, em geral são causadas pela ação antrópica e que interferem na qualidade de vida da população. Este trabalho é importante para a publicação nesta revista devida a sua contribuição cientifica para a sociedade. A B S T R A C T We studied some variables and meteorological parameters in the period from 17 to 21 November 2014 in the city of Bragança-PA and surrounding region, in order to understand how they impact on the city's microclimate and thus make a study for the purpose of get a brief characteristic of the microclimate in the region. The results showed that there were differences in temperature between the points, that is, some features of each local influence on the increase or decrease of air temperature. The relationship of the data with the characteristics of use and land cover showed a significant influence where there was vegetation, because influenced the decrease in the night air temperature and thus minimize heat islands. It was also found that the areas with higher occupancy with buildings and more paving lost less heat, leading to the formation of smaller more intense nocturnal heat islands. So it was noticed that in the city, as well as those who have gone through processes of urbanization, according to literature, have heat island, consisting of higher temperatures during the night, thus causing certain human discomfort. With that, the microclimate changes in the city of Bragança-PA, as well as other urban centers in general are caused by human activities that interfere with people's quality of life. This work is important for publication in the magazine due to their scientific contribution to society Keywords: Bragança-PA, heat island, air temperature.

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The Tabooed City

McGill GLSA Research Series ◽

10.26443/glsars.v1i1.129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Pritam Dey ◽

Paridhi Kedia

Keyword(s):

Political Stability ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Slum Dwellers ◽

Planning Framework ◽

Major Shift ◽

Almost All ◽

Relationship Of ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

The year 2009 shall remain a milestone year in the century as the year which witnessed the major shift of diaspora in urban centers of India for the first time in human history. In this context, it is essential to understand the socio-spatial negotiations happening and may happen ahead between the physically growing city and the everyday life, work-live relationship of these invisible communities within the city. Does the growing city with an economic disparity and tremendous polarization of amenities consider their criticality and social aspects which are deeply rooted within these communities, thriving in the vast and continually changing physical fabric?The planning framework of the cities are manifestations of a bigger play of byelaws and demonstration of power often blurs out the existence of inculcating the ‘excluded’ quarters of the city within a holistic whole. As a result, these quarters grow sporadically within the city creating a sense of anarchy. This paper tries to seek the relationship of state and political hegemony with these “excluded zones” where profit, political stability, and a constant saga of the failure of proposals to regenerate a highly diverse settlement within the financial capital of India. The Dharavi slum in Mumbai is a sprawling 525‐acre area with shanty roofs and deleterious sanitation conditions, housing over one million residents diversified in terms of its religious and ethnic matrix along with a wide gamut of informal occupations which makes it unique. Dharavi’s residents like most slum dwellers around the world, live in illegal housing units lacking basic amenities and suffer from social exclusion.The paper would critically investigate the failure of community engagement and mobilization attempts forming cooperatives, formation of the several schemes across three decades and failures of almost all policies raising questions of redevelopment, how costing and finance schemes were mostly inefficient at large.The paper would also try to understand the scale and scalability of various neo-liberal redevelopment processes initiated by political will, largely vested in the interest of capitalistic gains and focusing less on addressing the complexities and issues of the existing socio-economic conditions.

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