scholarly journals Levels of essential and toxic metals in fenugreek seeds (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.) cultivated in different parts of Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebrahtu Hagos ◽  
Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Total Digestion ◽  
Wet Ashing ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Summary The levels of the major (Ca, K, Na, Mg), trace (Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co), and toxic (Pb, Cd) metals in the seeds of fenugreek cultivated in different regions of Ethiopia were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). Wet ashing was used to digest 0.5 g of fenugreek seed flour using 1.5 mL of HNO3 and HClO4 acid mixtures (5:1 ratio), 30 min pre-digestion time, 45 min total digestion time and a temperature of 150 °C. Thirteen elements were determined, obtaining concentrations in the following ranges: Ca (15353-36771 mg kg-1) > Fe (6041-18584 mg kg-1) ≈ K (6789-11517 mg kg-1) > Pb (615-2624 mg kg-1) > Na (201-1559 mg kg-1) > Cd (285-464 mg kg-1) > Cr (3-552 mg kg-1) > Ni (31-108 mg kg-1) > Mg (31-102 mg kg-1) > Zn (15-33 mg kg-1) > Mn (16-28 mg kg-1) > Cu (ND-35 mg kg-1) > Co (4-15 mg kg-1). A statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 95% confidence level revealed there were significant differences between the mean metal contents of fourteen sample means, except for Zn. Pearson’s correlation revealed weak positive or negative linear relationships, which implies that the presence of one metal did not affect the presence of the other metals within the plant, except for a few metals. The study showed that fenugreek seeds were a good source of essential metals. However, they also contained large amounts of the toxic metals Cd and Pb and therefore should not be consumed daily.

Potentially toxic metals and metalloids in surface water intended for human consumption and other uses in the Mantaro River watershed, Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
María Custodio ◽  
Daniel Álvarez ◽  
Walter Cuadrado ◽  
Raúl Montalvo ◽  
Salomé Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Metals And Metalloids ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mine Wastewater ◽  
High Concentrations

The concentration of Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and As in the surface water intended for human consumption and other uses in the Mantaro River basin were analysed using multivariate methods. The water samples were collected from seven water bodies in the Junín region in June 2019, in the low discharge period. In each body of water, a sector with six sampling sites was established. The Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and As contents were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The correlation analysis revealed positive and significant correlations (P < 0.05) for the Zn/Pb, Pb/Fe and Zn/Fe pairs with a good association, higher than 0.80 and for the Pb/Cu, Fe/Cu, As/Pb and As/Zn pairs a weak degree of association (P < 0.05). The analysis of the main components showed three components with their own values > 1. The hierarchical grouping analysis classified the evaluated water bodies into three groups according to the concentration of the Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and As. The high concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic recorded in the CIMIRM and MERIS irrigation channels reveal that the Mantaro River continues to be a sink for mine wastewater discharges and runoff from mining liabilities at the headwaters of the Mantaro basin. It is, therefore, necessary to implement urgent management policies to control and reduce the levels of contamination by potentially toxic metals and metalloids in the Mantaro River.

scholarly journals Use of Microwave Digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry To Determine Chromic Oxide as a Digestibility Marker in Feed, Feces, and Ileal Content

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia García-Rico ◽  
Rita E Ramos Ruiz ◽  
Lourdes Gutiérrez Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Heating Cycle ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Dry Ashing ◽  
Wet Ashing

Abstract Most conventional digestion procedures, such as dry ashing and wet ashing, are tedious and labor intensive. Microwave digestion is agood alternative, because microwave dissolution is faster, safer, and simpler, and provides more controlled reproducible conditions than conventional methods. The purpose of this study was to develop a microwave digestion method for mineralizing meat and bone meal diets, feces, and ileal contents. Each sample was heated on a hot plate for 10 min, dry ashed at 65°C for 4 h, and transferred into microwave vessels. Then, 10 mL 70% HNO3 was added. Samples were digested for 7,10, and 20 min at 95,90, and 85% power, respectively. After the heating cycle, 6 mL 30% H2O2 was added, and samples were returned to the microwave for a second heating cycle of 1 and 7 min at 95 and 90% power, respectively. Finally, chromium concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The digestion method was validated by using a standard reference material, SRM domestic sludge 2781, with a certified chromium value of 195 ± 9 μg/g. The value obtained in this study was 178 ± 11 μg/g, for a difference of 17 μg/g. Spike recovery experiments resulted in 103.16 and 100.35% recoveries of chromium from diet and feces samples, respectively. Coefficients of variation were 10.8 and 7.8%, respectively.

Amelioration of oxidative stress by dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds is potentiated by onion (Allium cepa L.) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 816-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seetur R. Pradeep ◽  
Krishnapura Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Oxidative stress has a crucial role in the progression of diabetes and its complications. Soluble fibre-rich fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) are understood to have a beneficial effect in the management of diabetes. Previously, we have shown that the amelioration of diabetic hyperglycemia and related metabolic abnormalities was potentiated by onion (Allium cepa L.) in experimental rats. The present study evaluated the additive beneficial effect of dietary fenugreek seeds (10%) and onion (3%) on oxidative stress in diabetic rats. These dietary interventions lowered oxidative stress, the combination producing a higher beneficial effect (p < 0.05), although not additive. Dietary fenugreek, onion, or fenugreek+onion countered hypercholesterolemia (p < 0.05), especially from low-density lipoprotein−associated fraction by 43%, 35%, and 54%, respectively. Elevated concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver and heart under diabetic conditions were significantly counteracted by these dietary interventions, with the additive combination resulting in greater effect. These findings were also corroborated by restoration of histopathological abnormalities of heart and liver tissues along with lowered heart and liver weights. It is inferred that an alleviation of oxidative stress contributes further to the antidiabetic influence and this nutraceutical potential of fenugreek seeds and onion was higher when consumed together.

Use of a flow-injection sample manipulator as an interface between a "high-performance" liquid chromatograph and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1546-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
B W Renoe ◽  
C E Shideler ◽  
J Savory
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Column Eluate

Abstract We describe an integrated, molecular-absorbance, atomic absorption instrument for studying metal/ligand binding in clinical samples. For an interface between the "high-performance" liquid chromatograph and the atomic absorption instrument we used a flow-injection sample manipulator, thus allowing both the chromatograph and the atomic absorption detector to operate at their separate optimum conditions. After specimen separation with a gel permeation column, we measured the molecular components of the column eluate by molecular absorbance spectrometry and the atomic components (calcium and magnesium) by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. This instrument system is capable of separating and analyzing multiple components within 20 min of injection of the sample on the column. The chromatograms presented demonstrate the utility of the system for investigating metal binding to a variety of ligands in clinical samples.

scholarly journals Characterization of Toxic Metals in Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke, and Cigarette Ash from Selected Imported and Local Brands in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Ajab ◽  
Asim Yaqub ◽  
Salman Akbar Malik ◽  
Muhammad Junaid ◽  
Sadia Yasmeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Cigarette Ash ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Condensate ◽  
Significant Concentration

In this study, concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr were determined in tobacco, tobacco smoke-condensate, and cigarette ash for selected brands used in Pakistan. Smoking apparatus was designed for metal extraction from cigarette smoke. Samples were digested through microwave digester and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). Higher concentration of Ni was detected in imported brands than the counterparts in the local brands. Pb levels were however higher in local brands while significant concentration of Cd was observed in both brands. For Cr, the level in tobacco of local brands was higher than their emitted smoke, whereas imported brands showed higher level in smoke than in tobacco. The cigarette ash retained 65 to 75% of the metal and about 25 to 30% went into the body. While this study revealed the serious requirement to standardize the manufacturing of tobacco products, more importantly is the urgent need for stronger enforcements to put in place to alert the general population about the hazardous effects of cigarettes and the health risks associated with these toxic metals.

scholarly journals Processing Impact on Nutritional, Antinutritional, and Phytochemical of Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Babita Adhikari ◽  
Shonu Rai
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduction Percentage ◽  
Iron And Calcium

Phytate and tannin are more pronounced antinutrients limiting the nutritional quality of fenugreek. The impact of roasting (130±5°C for 7 minutes), soaking (12 hrs. at room temperature) and germination (72 hrs. at 25°C) on bioactive compounds (polyphenol and antioxidant activity), nutritional and anti-nutritional compounds (phytate and tannin) in Fenugreek were studied. Experimental data were analyzed using the software GenStat 12th Edition. Protein increased significantly (p<0.05) during roasting, soaking, and germination whereas fat decreased significantly. Iron and calcium increased during roasting whereas decreased during soaking and germination. Maximum reduction of phytate (54.55%) and tannin (66.73%) were found when fenugreek seeds were germinated (72 hours). The reduction percentage of antinutrients by soaking (12 hours) and roasting (130±5⁰C for 7 mins) was found to be a lesser effective method compared to germination. All the treatments had a significant (p<0.05) impact on their bioactive components. Phenolic content increased significantly (p<0.05) during roasting, soaking, and germination. Antioxidant activity (IC50=1.28mg dm/ml) was found to be high in the germinated samples as compared to raw, roasted, and soaked samples. Hence, Germination of fenugreek seeds for 72 hours is concluded as the most effective and promising method for the reduction of antinutrients and increasing the nutritional components, phytochemicals, and antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L. EXHIBITS ESTROGENIC EFFECT THROUGH PRESENILIN 2 GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BREAST CANCER CELL LINE MCF-7

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Kurnia Agustini ◽  
Michael Wink ◽  
Wahono Sumaryono ◽  
Frans Suyatna ◽  
Nurjati Chairani Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Presenilin 2 ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽  
Mcf 7

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of Fenugreek seeds, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in the estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, including its effect on the expression of estrogen-dependent presenilin 2 (pS2) gene.Methods: An activity guided fractionation was carried out with extracts from fenugreek seeds in MCF-7 cells. Cytotoxic activity assays were conducted with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Most fractions were also tested also tested in media with estradiol 10 nM We also analysed the expression of pS2 gene. For the analysis of pS2 gene expression we employed PCR primers for pS2 and for β-actin as a housekeeping gene using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results: Based on cytotoxic activity assay in MCF-7, the active fractions are ethyl acetic fraction and its phases ethyl acetic (EA) 2 and EA 2.2. The most active fraction was EA 2.2 (IC50=27.129 ppm), which exhibited a biphasic effect; at low concentrations, it stimulated the growth, and at high concentrations it showed strong cytotoxic effects. EA2.2 fraction in concentration 20 ppm, also could induce pS2 gene expression in media with and without estrogen.Conclusion: The most active fraction was the ethyl acetate phase and further subfractions. The most active fraction also induced the expression of pS2 gene which was studied by RT-PCR.

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