scholarly journals GYPSUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN IMPROVING BIOMETRIC AND NUTRITIONAL ATTRIBUTES OF SOYBEAN/SECOND SEASON CORN SUCCESSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-335
Author(s):  
GUILHERME FILGUEIRAS SOARES ◽  
SIMÉRIO CARLOS SILVA CRUZ ◽  
TIAGO CAMILO DUARTE ◽  
CARLA GOMES MACHADO ◽  
DARLY GERALDO DE SENA JUNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Ear Number

ABSTRACT The objective with this work was to evaluate the effect of the agricultural gypsum, associated with phosphate fertilization, on the nutrition, development and yield of soybean and corn in succession, under no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted at Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, in a randomized blocks design 5x3 factorial arrangement, with 4 replicates. The first factor consisted of the gypsum doses (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha-1) and the second the phosphorus doses (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose). Leaf nutrient contents, leaf area index, SPAD index, dry plant mass, final plant population, one thousand grain mass and grain yield were evaluated in the crops. In the soybean, the number of pods was also obtained and in the corn the average ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grain per ear and number of ears. Phosphorus doses increase leaf Mg contents in soybean and corn. The application of gypsum reduces the Mg and K leaf contents and increases the Ca, S, and Mn contents in the two cultures. Gypsum provides increases in the SPAD index in soybean plants. The unbalance of the N / K ratio in corn leaves, provided by the increase of the gypsum doses, reduces the leaf area of this crop. Doses of P and gypsum do not influence the yield of soybeans and maize.

scholarly journals No-Tillage and Phosphate Fertilization Management on Soybean Culture in Brazilian Cerrado

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Robson Da Costa Leite ◽  
Rubson Da Costa Leite ◽  
Jefferson Santana da Silva Carneiro ◽  
Gilson Araújo de Freitas ◽  
Antônio Carlos Martis dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
No Till ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Four Levels

Despite the benefits of no-till practices, soil compaction is a problem that can cause, among other things, mechanical impediment to root growth and less response to soil fertilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subsoiling and doses of phosphate fertilization on soybean that have been cultivated over ten years under no-till systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Two managements in consolidated no-tillage area were considered: with and without subsoiling, along with four levels of phosphate fertilization: 0, 100, 300 and 400 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The practice of subsoiling in an area with ten years of no-till system provided an increase of 124.38 kg ha-1 in soybean productivity. Soybean plants grown under no-tillage system, with subsoil management, showed better development and pod production. The maximum phosphorus efficiency, with subsoiling, was achieved with the dose of 172 kg ha-1 of P2O5, yielding 5,693.4 kg ha-1. In the no-tillage system, the maximum efficiency dose and crop yield were 159 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 5434.2 kg ha-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Chemical attributes of a Hapludox soil after nine years of pig slurry application

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1766-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Carla Maria Pandolfo ◽  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Evandro Spagnollo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Cu And Zn

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pig slurry application effects on chemical attributes of a Hapludox soil managed under no-tillage system. Treatments consisted of 50, 100 and 200 m³ ha-1 per year of pig slurry application, and a control with replacement of P and K exported through harvested grains. Attributes related to soil chemical reaction, exchange complex, and nutrient contents were determined in soil samples collected in the ninth year of experimentation from 0 - 0.025, 0.025 - 0.05, 0.05 - 0.10, 0.10 - 0.20, 0.20 - 0.40 and 0.40 - 0.60 m soil depths. The continuous application of high doses of pig slurry on the Oxisol surface under no-tillage acidifies the soil and increases Al, P, Cu, and Zn contents down to 0.2-m depth, and K levels down to 0.6-m depth.

scholarly journals Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
João Ito Bergonci ◽  
Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽  
Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

scholarly journals EFEITOS DE NÍVEIS DE COBERTURA DO SOLO SOBRE A PRODUTIVIDADE E CRESCIMENTO DO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO, EM SISTEMA DE PLANTIO DIRETO

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Baptista Chieppe Júnior ◽  
Ana Lúcia Pereira ◽  
Luis Fernando Stone ◽  
José Aluísio Alves Moreira ◽  
Antônio Evaldo Klar
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Tillage System

EFEITOS DE NÍVEIS DE COBERTURA DO SOLO SOBRE A PRODUTIVIDADE E CRESCIMENTO DO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO,EM  SISTEMA DE  PLANTIODIRETO João Baptista Chieppe Júnior1; Ana Lucia Pereira2; Luis Fernando Stone3; José Aluísio Alves Moreira3; Antônio Evaldo Klar4 1Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Rio Verde, GO,  [email protected]ério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento , Epitaciolândia, AC3Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO4Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da cobertura do solo sobre a produtividade e crescimento do feijoeiro irrigado (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sob cinco tratamentos de cobertura morta com palhada de capim braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens): 0% (0 t.ha-1),  25% (2,25 t.ha-1),  50% (4,50 t.ha-1),  75% (6,75 t.ha-1)  e  100% (9,0 t.ha-1), obedecendo delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, no município de Santo Antonio de Goiás, GO, num Latossolo Vermelho escuro argiloso. A irrigação foi realizada por microaspersão e o manejo através de tensiômetro e a curva característica de água no solo, irrigando toda vez que o potencial mínimo de água do solo atingia -30 kPa.  A análise dos resultados mostrou  diminuição do número de irrigações e aumento do turno de rega nos tratamentos onde a cobertura  atingiu mais de 50% da superfície do solo.  A cobertura do solo não influenciou na produção de grãos e seus componentes, com exceção do número de grãos por vagem e propiciou maior eficiência do uso da água. O tratamento com 100% de cobertura apresentou os maiores índices de área foliar e o acúmulo da matéria seca não sofreu influência da cobertura.  UNITERMOS:  Phaseolus vulgaris L., sistema de plantio direto, Braquiária  CHIEPPE JÚNIOR, J.B.; PEREIRA, A.L.; STONE, L.F.. MOREIRA, J.A.A.; KLAR, A. E. Effects of DIFFERENT mulch levels on Growth and yield OF COMMON beans under no tillage system.  2 ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to study the effects of five different treatments of grass (Brachiaria decumbens) straw mulch on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): 0% (0 t.ha-1), 25% (2,25 t.ha-1), 50% (4,5 t.ha-1), 75% (6,75 t.ha-1) and 100% (9,0 t/ha) designed by randomized blocks and four replications. Irrigation was applied when minimum soil water potential was about – 30kPa. Water management was based on tensiometers and soil water characteristic curve. A microsprinkler irrigation system was used.  The experiment was set up at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Rice and Bean (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Arroz e Feijão) in Santo Antonio de Goiás,Brazil, in a Dark – Red Latosol soil. Results showed that the bean yield and his components were not affected by treatments, except for grain number/pod. Mulching increased water use efficiency and, consequently, decreased the number of irrigations when mulching reached more than 50% straw mulch.  The treatment with 100% of mulching presented the largest leaf area index and dry matter accumulation was not affected  by mulching.KEYWORDS: Phaseolus vulgaris, no tillage system, Braquiária decumbens L

scholarly journals Phosphorus Availability for Irrigated Rice Cultivated Under No-Tillage and Different Phosphate Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Magali De Ávila Fortes ◽  
Rogério Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Algenor da Silva Gomes ◽  
Fabiana Schmidt ◽  
Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
P Availability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Yield Responses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of irrigated rice to phosphate fertilization using triple superphosphate (TSP) and Arad phosphate rock (APR), and the phosphate residual effects of upland crops in no-tillage system on the following rice crop. Also, it aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Mehlich-1 and anion exchange resin as soil P extractors. Two experiments were conducted in Albaqualf soil under irrigated conditions in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul State. The experiments were designed as random blocks with four replications and the treatments were displayed as a 2 × 2 factorial (TSP and APR, with and without annual P application as TSP). No yield responses to phosphate were observed. Phosphate fertilization performed on upland crops (maize and soybeans) presented a residual effect on the rice crop even after four years of consecutive cropping under no-tillage. The extractors Mehlich-1 and AER were equally efficient in the evaluation of P availability for the rice crop. P content values obtained by both methods did show a significant correlation with accumulated plant P. The APR presents a similar performance as the TSP in regard to phosphate nutrition in irrigated rice when rotated with upland crops under no-tillage system.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TIME OF GLYPHOSATE APPLICATION IN THE CONTROL OF BRACHIARIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Hugo Marcus Fialho e Moraes ◽  
Wendel Magno de Souza ◽  
Rodrigo Magalhães Faria ◽  
Lino Roberto Ferreira ◽  
Christiano da Conceição de Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The no-tillage system is considered an important tool for sustainable production. In this system, the burndown of brachiaria is usually performed with the application of systemic herbicides, such as glyphosate. As a result of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity and winds), the timing of spraying can directly interfere in the control efficiency. Therefore, the objective was to study different times of application of glyphosate in the control efficiency of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The glyphosate was applied in the morning, afternoon and evening, at doses of 0; 360; 720; 1080; 1440 and 2160 g a.e. ha-1. To analyse the efficiency of U. brizantha burndown, the phytotoxicity was evaluated at 21 days after application. At 42 after application a mowing was done and 90 days after mowing, the dry matter accumulation and the Leaf Area Index of regrowth were determined. The best control results of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu were obtained in the applications of glyphosate during the morning and afternoon. Evening applications of glyphosate should be avoided.

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Growth and Development in Conventional and No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Dry Weight Growth

Monoculture velvetleaf had greater dry weight, growth rate, leaf area index, and height than velvetleaf grown in association with conventional or no-tillage corn. Velvetleaf planted 5 weeks after corn had significantly lower dry weight, leaf area index, and height compared to velvedeaf planted at the same time as corn. The combination of interference from corn and delayed planting caused a significant reduction in velvetleaf population at the end of the season, delayed the date of 50% velvetleaf flowering, increased the number of days required for 50% flowering, and reduced the number of capsules per plant. Velvetleaf dry weight/hectare and leaf area index increased as plant population increased. Velvetleaf dry weight, leaf area, capsules, and seed/plant decreased as plant density increased. There were no differences in vegetative or reproductive growth between velvetleaf grown in conventional or no-tillage areas.

scholarly journals Evaluation of physiological traits in upland rice for adaptation to no-tillage system

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre B. Heinemann ◽  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
Nand K. Fageria ◽  
Lucas M. de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Early Vigor

In the cerrado region of Brazil, no-tillage is an alternative management practice to conserve soil and reduce cost of crop production. However, many studies have been showed that there is a decrease in the yield when upland rice is cropped in this system. Therefore, there is a need that new breeding initiatives introgress favorable traits into upland rice for no-tillage adaptation. Key traits include faster emergence, ability to germinate when deep seeded, faster root development, and early canopy closure during the vegetative stages. All those traits can be summarized as "early vigor". So, the objective of this study was to evaluate physiological traits of four contrasting parental upland rice cultivars to verify their adaptation to no-tillage system. A greenhouse experiment with four upland rice cultivars (BRS Primavera, BRS Curinga, BRS Soberana, and Douradão) were planted at three different dates and growth at potential conditions. Development stages, total dry matter, leaf area, leaf dry matter, leaf length, leaf elongation rate and leaf duration were measured and calculated. Based on physiological traits, the four cultivars showed differences in the growth cycle. However, for biomass and leaf area growth and leaf expansion traits they did not differ significantly, probably being the lack of genetic "early vigor" a characteristic of the modern cultivars. The growth and development pattern was significantly affected by planting dates and not by cultivars.

scholarly journals Analysis of genetic diversity among the maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.) under heat stress condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Manoj Kandel ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Bishnu Raj Ojha ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Heat Stress Condition ◽  
Ear Number

High temperature adversely affects the plant physiological processes: limits plant growth and reduction in grain yield. Heat stress is often encountered to spring sowing of maize in spring season. Twenty maize inbred lines were studied for days to 50 % anthesis and silking, anthesis–silking interval, leaf firing, tassel blast, SPAD reading and leaf senescence, plant and ear height, leaf area index, ear per plant, cob length and diameter, number of kernel/ear, number of kernel row/ear, number of kernel row, silk receptivity, shelling percentage, thousand kernel weight and grain yield in alpha lattice design at National Maize Research Program at Rampur, Chitwan,Nepal with the objective to identify superior heat stress tolerant lines. Analysis of variance showed significant difference for all the traits. Result of multivariable analysis revealed that twenty inbred lines formed four clusters. The resistance inbred lines and susceptible inbred lines formed different clusters. The members of  cluster 4  were found to be tolerant to heat stress due to they had lowest value of tassel blast, leaf firing, and leaf area index with highest value of cob diameter and length, ear per plant, number of kernel row/ear, number of kernel/ear, number of kernel row, shelling percentage, silk receptivity and grain yield whereas as members of cluster 1were found most susceptible due to they had longer anthesis silking interval, with maximum tassel blast and leaf firing along with no grain yield under heat stress condition. From this study inbred lines RL-140, RML-76, RML-91 and RML-40 were found most tolerant to heat stress. These inbred lines belonging to superior cluster could be considered very useful in developing heat tolerant variety and other breeding activities. 

scholarly journals The Effect of Tillage System and Rimsulfuron Application on Weed Flora, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Root Colonization and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios BILALIS ◽  
Vassilios TRIANTAFYLLIDIS ◽  
Anestis KARKANIS ◽  
Aspasia EFTHIMIADOU ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Tillage System

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of tillage system and rimsulfuron application on weed flora and growth of maize (Zea mays L. Mitic F1) at a site with no history of pesticide use for the last 5 years. A randomized complete block design was employed with three replicates per treatment (conventional tillage without rimsulfuron application (control), no-tillage with rimsulfuron application (NT+Rim) and conventional tillage with rimsulfuron application (CT+Rim)). The lowest leaf area index, dry weight and yield of maize were recorded in NT+Rim plots. In addition, the highest soil bulk density was determined in NT+Rim plots. Moreover, the rimsulfuron application resulted in significant reduction in the root growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization. The lowest root biomass, root length density, root surface and AM root colonization was found in CT+Rim plots. The lowest weed number and biomass was also observed at CT+Rim plots. Sustainability yield index (SYI) shown that the maize crop is more stable under conventional tillage compared with no-tillage. Our results indicated that root growth was reduced significant by rimsulfuron application but statistically significant lower maize yield was obtained in no-tillage system.

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