scholarly journals BABY FRIENDLY HOSPITAL INITIATIVE: 25 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-493
Author(s):  
Joel Alves Lamounier ◽  
Roberto Gomes Chaves ◽  
Maria Albertina Santiago Rego ◽  
Maria Cândida Ferrarez Bouzada
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Care ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
The World ◽  
Accredited Institutions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergency Fund

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the experience of the 25-year-old trajectory of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in Brazil. The first unit was implemented in 1992. Methods: Information and data were collected from publications on the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and the Ministry of Health websites and in national and international journals, about the period 1990-2017. The descriptors used were: “iniciativa hospital amigo da criança”, “hospital amigo da criança”, “baby friendly initiative hospital”, “aleitamento materno” and “breastfeeding”. The number of hospitals in the 25 years, the course of the BFHI and its repercussions on breastfeeding in Brazil were evaluated. Results: The BFHI is an intervention strategy in hospital care at birth focused on the implementation of practices that promote exclusive breastfeeding from the first hours of life and with the support, among other measures of positive impact on breastfeeding, of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. Currently, the initiative has been revised, updated and expanded to integrate care for newborns in neonatal units and care for women since prenatal care. It can be concluded that, during these 25 years, the quantity of hospitals varied greatly, with numbers still below the capacity of hospital beds. BFHI shows higher rates of breastfeeding than non-accredited hospitals. However, the number of hospitals are still few when compared to other countries. Conclusions: The BFHI has contributed to breastfeeding in Brazil in recent decades. Greater support for public policies is needed to expand the number of accredited institutions in the country.

scholarly journals 405 - Music Therapy in the management of dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Catarina Pedro ◽  
Beatriz Jorge ◽  
Mariana Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction:Dementia has become a worldwide concern. According to the World Health Organization, there are 50 million individuals suffering from dementia across the world and approximately 20 million new cases are diagnosed each year. The efficacy of medications in controlling agitation and psychotic symptoms is modest and may cause serious adverse effects, outlining the urge for new treatment methods for patients with dementia. Music therapy (MT) is a nonpharmacologic strategy that is used in patients with early-to-late stages of dementia with promising results.Objectives:The aim of this presentation is to evaluate the benefits of music therapy in cognitive functioning and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients diagnosed with dementia. We also summarize the current knowledge about this topic.Methods:A non-systematic review of the literature was performed on PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of science using selected keywords.Results:MT sustains its benefit because musical memory regions in the brain are relatively spared compared to cognitive function. “Musical memories” can, thus, be stored longer than non-musical memories, allowing to recall associated life events and emotions. Systematic reviews suggest that MT seem to have a positive effect on symptoms such as depression, anxiety and behavioral problems while the findings concerning agitation/aggression are inconsistent. No large differences were found between studies using live or recorded music although the latter reported more of a consistently positive impact on behavioral and psychological outcomes. The studies using live music, however, reported specific benefits to relationships and interactions.Conclusions:The majority of the studies have methodological limitations, making it difficult to offer firm conclusions. Despite this, there were positive results on aspects of quality of life, cognitive function, behavioral, psychological, physiological and communication outcomes.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding assessment tools for at-risk and malnourished infants aged under 6 months old: a systematic review

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Concetta Brugaletta ◽  
Karine Le Roch ◽  
Jennifer Saxton ◽  
Cécile Bizouerne ◽  
Marie McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
World Health ◽  
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Education Tool ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergency Fund

Background: Many small and malnourished infants under 6 months of age have problems with breastfeeding and restoring effective exclusive breastfeeding is a common treatment goal. Assessment is a critical first step of case management, but most malnutrition guidelines do not specify how best to do this. We aimed to identify breastfeeding assessment tools for use in assessing at-risk and malnourished infants in resource-poor settings. Methods: We systematically searched: Medline and Embase; Web of Knowledge; Cochrane Reviews; Eldis and Google Scholar databases. Also the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), CAse REport guidelines, Emergency Nutrition Network, and Field Exchange websites. Assessment tool content was analysed using a framework describing breastfeeding ‘domains’ (baby’s behaviour; mother’s behaviour; position; latching; effective feeding; breast health; baby’s health; mother’s view of  feed; number, timing and length of feeds). Results: We identified 29 breastfeeding assessment tools and 45 validation studies. Eight tools had not been validated. Evidence underpinning most tools was low quality and mainly from high-income countries and hospital settings. The most comprehensive tools were the Breastfeeding, Evaluation and Education Tool, UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative tools and CARE training package. The tool with the strongest evidence was the WHO/UNICEF B-R-E-A-S-T-Feed Observation Form. Conclusions: Despite many possible tools, there is currently no one gold standard. For assessing malnourished infants in resource-poor settings, UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative tools, Module IFE and the WHO/UNICEF B-R-E-A-S-T-Feed Observation Form are the best available tools but could be improved by adding questions from other tools. Allowing for context, one tool for rapid community-based assessment plus a more detailed one for clinic/hospital assessment might help optimally identify breastfeeding problems and the support required. Further research is important to refine existing tools and develop new ones. Rigorous testing, especially against outcomes such as breastfeeding status and growth, is key.

Panel 2.5: Mass-Casualty Management and Hospital Care

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 412-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Borra ◽  
Luis Jorge Perez ◽  
Tin Min ◽  
Wilai Puavilai ◽  
Norimasa Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Conclusion Section ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.5, Mass-Casualty Management and Hospital Care of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to mass-casualty management and hospital care as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: wing (1) key questions; (2) recommendations; and (3) conclusions. Subsections of the conclusion section include: (1) lessons learned; (2) what was done well?; and (3) what could have been done better?.

scholarly journals Expenditures of 50+ Households on transport and communications - statistical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (7) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Iwona Bąk ◽  
Beata Szczecińska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Health Organization

The dynamics and structure of consumption are influenced by demographic changes in the world. One of the most important is the phenomenon of aging society. The study covered households in Poland where the head of the household was at the age of 50 or more, according to the World Health Organization experts, they were people who had entered at least in the first year of presenile. The goal of this article is to analyse and model expenditure on transport and communication of these households. The analyses were carried out on the basis of a set of non-identifiable data of households budget which were bought from Central Statistical Office. Based on the estimated power-exponential model, it was found that the largest positive impact on transport and communications spending was the level of total expenditures per person. The diversification of the preferences of expenditure depending on the number of people in the family, the class of place of residence, socioeconomic group membership and the subjective assessment of the material situation of the households was also found important. In addition, it was found that the expenditures also depends on the characteristics of the household head: they decrease with age and the increase with level of education.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding assessment tools for at-risk and malnourished infants aged under 6 months old: a systematic review

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Concetta Brugaletta ◽  
Karine Le Roch ◽  
Jennifer Saxton ◽  
Cécile Bizouerne ◽  
Marie McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
World Health ◽  
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Education Tool ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergency Fund

Background: Many small and malnourished infants under 6 months of age have problems with breastfeeding and restoring effective exclusive breastfeeding is a common treatment goal. Assessment is a critical first step of case management, but most malnutrition guidelines do not specify how best to do this. We aimed to identify breastfeeding assessment tools for use in assessing at-risk and malnourished infants in resource-poor settings. Methods: We systematically searched: Medline and Embase; Web of Knowledge; Cochrane Reviews; Eldis and Google Scholar databases. Also the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), CAse REport guidelines, Emergency Nutrition Network, and Field Exchange websites. Assessment tool content was analysed using a framework describing breastfeeding ‘domains’ (baby’s behaviour; mother’s behaviour; position; latching; effective feeding; breast health; baby’s health; mother’s view of  feed; number, timing and length of feeds). Results: We identified 29 breastfeeding assessment tools and 45 validation studies. Eight tools had not been validated. Evidence underpinning most tools was low quality and mainly from high-income countries and hospital settings. The most comprehensive tools were the Breastfeeding, Evaluation and Education Tool, UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative tools and CARE training package. The tool with the strongest evidence was the WHO/UNICEF B-R-E-A-S-T-Feed Observation Form. Conclusions: Despite many possible tools, there is currently no one gold standard. For assessing malnourished infants in resource-poor settings, UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative tools, Module IFE and the WHO/UNICEF B-R-E-A-S-T-Feed Observation Form are the best available tools but could be improved by adding questions from other tools. Allowing for context, one tool for rapid community-based assessment plus a more detailed one for clinic/hospital assessment might help optimally identify breastfeeding problems and the support required. Further research is important to refine existing tools and develop new ones. Rigorous testing, especially against outcomes such as breastfeeding status and growth, is key.

In Reply: Use and Misuse of Oral Therapy in Diarrhea

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-657
Author(s):  
JOHN D. SNYDER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergency Fund

I appreciate the chance to clarify what may be a misconception of Dr Kepfer and also others who had read my recent article. The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition recommends that glucose electrolyte solutions be used for rehydration and maintenance therapy for children with acute diarrhea. One such solution is the oral rehydration salt (ORS) solution recommended by the World Health Organization and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, but this solution is not readily available in the United States, as Dr Kepfer notes. However, as mentioned in the introduction to the paper, a number of successful clinical trials of other similar glucose electrolyte solutions have been reported in the United States.

scholarly journals OSTEOPOROSIS - STATISTICAL DATA FOR PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS IN THE PERIOD FROM 2020 AND THE CURRENT 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 366-370
Author(s):  
Jihe Zhu ◽  
Blagica Arsovska ◽  
Kristina Kozovska
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Older People ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

About 120.000 women in Macedonia suffer from osteoporosis. These statistics of the World Health Organization are just a warning about the need for treatment and prevention of this disease. For this research were analyzed statistical data for patients with osteoporosis in the period from 2020 and the current 2021. The data were taken from PHI Medika - Strumica, R.N. Macedonia and the Faculty of Medicine, Skopje RS Macedonia. From the obtained data from 2020 and 2021 for the number of examinations that have been performed in patients with osteoporosis over 50 years, in 2020, out of a total of 542 examinations, 523 are women diagnosed with osteoporosis and 19 are men. In the current 2021, out of a total of 115 examinations, 112 are women and 3 men are registered with osteoporosis. From the obtained data from the PHI Medika - Strumica, in 2020, out of a total of 792 examinations, 762 are women diagnosed with osteoporosis and 30 are men. In the current 2021, out of a total of 256 examinations, 250 are women and 6 men. In women osteoporosis is significantly more common than in men. From the hospitalized patients with hip fracture because of osteoporosis, 3.4% of those who are hospitalized are patients aged from 60 to 69 years, 30.6% are aged from 70 to 79 years, 66% are patients aged 80+ years. Age also plays an important role in osteoporosis and fractures. Older people are more likely to need hospital care than younger people.

Community Participation and Involvement: Theoretical and Empirical Issues

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf I. Meleis
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Joint Effort ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergency Fund ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Use Of Health Services

In 1978, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), in their Alma Ata Declaration, declared a war against ill health and lack of access to and use of health services by advocating a joint effort among countries to bring health for all for the year 2000. Although such wars have been waged many times before, this time the declaration had a slightly different message, one paying respect to the people who are the target of that declaration. The message was to help people achieve their health potential within their abilities, values, and technologies by helping them help themselves. Other significant parts to this message included dealing with the use of local technology, the involvement of intersectorial cooperation, and the view of health as integral to development (WHO, 1978).

scholarly journals Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI Dini Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Diare pada Bayi umur 0 – 12 bulan di Kecamatan Dampal Utara, Tolitoli, Sulawesi Tengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Oktaviana Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergency Fund ◽  
Central Sulawesi

<p>Diarrhea is the number one cause of infant mortality worldwide. The United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) estimates that every 30 seconds there is a child who died of diarrhea in Indonesia. The incidence of diarrhea in young children one of them caused by hygiene including the knowledge and attitudes of mothers in feeding, where the baby has been fed besides breast milk (breast milk) before the age of 6 months. According to the World Health Organization, infants who received complementary foods before six months of age will have a 17 times greater risk of experiencing diarrhea. The aim of research to determine feeding complementary relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 0-12 months in the District of North Dampal, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi. The population in this experiment is all mothers with babies aged 0-12 months who are in the district of North Dampal, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi, which amounted to 36 mothers. Samples were taken using a total sampling. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. The results showed there are significant relationship between the giving weaning food with the incidence of diarrhea in infants 0-12 months in North Dampal, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi.</p>

Ludwik Rajchman: A Biographical Sketch of a Polish Jew

2000 ◽  
pp. 373-382
Author(s):  
Marta Aleksandra Balińska
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biographical Sketch ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Emergency Fund

This chapter focuses on Ludwik Rajchman. Ludwik Rajchman's principal claim to fame is his role in the establishment of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (Unicef). Until recently his story has gone largely untold. His contributions to Unicef, and to the World Health Organization, established by the League of Nations, however, deserve acknowledgement and further study, as do the reasons why his role in these institutions has largely been ignored. Rajchman was not a man who sought renown, and to compound this reticence, the last twenty years of his life were overshadowed by the painful contradictions of the Cold War, amongst which seems to have been the effacement of more than one interesting international figure. In addition, Rajchman's identification with three communities—the Polish, the Jewish, and the international—has meant that none has entirely ‘claimed him’ for its own.

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