scholarly journals Moderators of the association between discrimination and alcohol consumption: findings from a representative sample of Brazilian university students

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Zeni Coelho ◽  
João Luiz Bastos ◽  
Roger Keller Celeste
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
University Life

Introduction: Few studies about discrimination and patterns of alcohol consumption among youth populations have been conducted outside the United States addressing different types of discriminatory experiences, in addition to racially motivated events. This study investigated moderators of the association between discrimination attributed to single and multiple reasons and patterns of alcohol consumption.Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled a representative sample (n = 1,264) of undergraduate students from Florianópolis, southern Brazil, in 2013. Analyses included adjustment of associations for covariates in ordinal logistic regression models and the examination of effect modification by common mental disorders, year of study and age.Results: Discrimination was reported by 65.8% of the students, and alcohol consumption, by 80.0%. Over half of the students reported being discriminated against for two or more reasons. The odds of alcohol-related problems were higher among lastyear students that reported discrimination (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.0-3.4) or multiple reasons for being discriminated against (OR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.3- 4.3), when compared to first-year students that did not report discrimination. For the whole sample, there were no associations between discrimination, discrimination attributed to multiple reasons and patterns of alcohol consumption (OR = 1.0, 95%CI 0.8-1.4; and OR = 0.9, 95%CI 0.5-1.6).Conclusions: The effects of discrimination on the patterns of alcohol consumption are seen at a critical period in university life, specifically during the completion of undergraduate studies.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

scholarly journals Tobacco and alcohol use, sexual behavior and common mental disorders among military students at the Police Academy, São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Arlene de Maria Perez ◽  
Isabela Martins Benseñor
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Police Academy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The lifestyle of military personnel has been little studied in Brazil. This study evaluated the frequencies of tobacco and alcohol use, sexual behavior and mental health among military students.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Police Academy, in São Paulo.METHODS: Students answered a questionnaire about tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sexual behavior and common mental disorders (CMDs). To analyze associations among the frequencies of smoking and alcohol use, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and CMDs during the undergraduate years, we built a multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex.RESULTS: All 473 students were invited to participate and 430 (90.9%) agreed (10.5% were women). Most were white (76.6%), aged < 30 years, from the upper middle class (78.1%). The frequency of smoking was 6.5%, alcohol consumption 69.3%, STDs 14% and CMDs 15.6%. The use of condoms was low. Fourth-year students presented a lower odds ratio (OR) for STDs than the first-year students: 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.90). Third-year students presented a lower OR for CMDs than the first-year students.CONCLUSION: The frequencies of smoking and CMDs were low, while the frequency of alcohol consumption was similar to that of the Brazilian population. The use of condoms was low, in comparison with previous studies with similar samples. The results suggest that there was a certain degree of protection against CMDs and STDs during the undergraduate years.

scholarly journals A survey of caregiver acculturation and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride treatment for childhood caries

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Kumar ◽  
Dana Cernigliaro ◽  
Mary E. Northridge ◽  
Yinxiang Wu ◽  
Andrea B. Troxel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Interest in aqueous silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been growing as a treatment for caries arrest. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify factors associated with caregiver acceptance of SDF treatment for children presenting with caries at 8 Federally Qualified Health Centers. The study purpose was to examine associations between caregiver acceptance of SDF treatment for children with caries and (1) sociodemographic and acculturation characteristics of caregivers and (2) clinical assessments of the children by dentists. Methods A caregiver survey collected information on: sociodemographic characteristics; acculturation characteristics, measured using the validated Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH); perceived benefits and barriers of SDF treatment, including caregiver comfort; and perceived health-related knowledge. Chart reviews were conducted to assess: the medical / dental insurance of pediatric patients; cumulative caries experience, measured using decayed, missing, filled teeth total scores (dmft / DMFT); whether operating room treatment was needed; and a record of caregiver acceptance of SDF treatment (the outcome measure). Standard logistic regression models were developed for caregiver acceptance of SDF treatment for their children as the binary outcome of interest (yes / no) to calculate unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted ORs for covariates of interest. Results Overall, 434 of 546 caregivers (79.5%) accepted SDF treatment for their children. A U-shaped relationship between caregiver odds of accepting SDF treatment and age group of pediatric patients was present, where caregivers were most likely to accept SDF treatment for their children who were either < 6 years or 9–14 years, and least likely to accept SDF treatment for children 6 to < 9 years. The relationship between acculturation and caregiver acceptance of SDF treatment depended upon whether or not caregivers were born in the United States: greater acculturation was associated with caregiver acceptance of SDF treatment among caregivers born in this country, and lower acculturation was associated with caregiver acceptance of SDF treatment among caregivers born elsewhere. Conclusions Caregiver acceptance of SDF treatment is high; child’s age and caregiver comfort are associated with acceptance. Providers need to communicate the risks and benefits of evidence-based dental treatments to increasingly diverse caregiver and patient populations.

Facilitating Sexual Assault Reporting on the College Campus: The Role of Procedural Justice in Bystander Decisions to Provide Police Referrals

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780122095428
Author(s):  
Tri Keah S. Henry ◽  
Travis W. Franklin ◽  
Cortney A. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Sexual Assault Reporting

Using a randomly assigned 2 (victim race) × 2 (alcohol consumption) between-subjects factorial design, this study used surveys from a sample of 571 undergraduate students at a mid-sized, public university in the United States to determine the effect of procedural justice on police referral after reading a sexual assault disclosure vignette. Multivariate binary logistic regression models demonstrated that positive perceptions of procedural justice increased police referral following sexual assault disclosure. Victim alcohol consumption and rape myth acceptance decreased police referral. Victim race, victim alcohol consumption, and participant sex did not moderate the effect of procedural justice on police referral. Implications are discussed.

scholarly journals A autoimagem, os transtornos mentais comuns e a depressão em estudantes de graduação

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Tarciso de Figueiredo Palma ◽  
Sara Maria Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Vitória Maria Teixeira Santos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Suicidal Ideas

Este estudo objetivou analisar a preocupação com a imagem corporal, os transtornos mentais comuns e a depressão. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal analítico e exploratório, com 117 estudantes de graduação em uma instituição do interior da Bahia. Estimou-se as prevalências das variáveis estudadas, testou-se as associações, através do qui-quadrado e foi usada a regressão logística binária para ajustes das variáveis. A ideação suicida apresentou prevalência alta (18,8%) em comparação a preocupação exagerada com a autoimagem (13,4%). As prevalências de Depressão Maior e de TMC foram, respectivamente, de 39,3% e 54,7%. Houve associação significativa com TMC para: sexo feminino (RP = 2,9; 1,5 – 5,4), realizar atividade física menos que duas vezes por semana (RP = 1,6; 1,1 – 2,3), estar desempregado (RP = 1,5; 1,1 – 2,2). Já para a depressão maior, houve significância para: realizar atividade física menos que duas vezes por semana (RP = 1,9; 1,2 – 3,1), estar desempregado (RP = 1,9; 1,2 – 3,1), ter ideias suicidas (RP = 2,1; 1,4 – 3,1) e ter preocupação exagerada com a autoimagem (RP = 2,2; 1,5 – 3,3), mesmo quando ajustado por idade e sexo (p-valor = 0,015). ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze the concern with body image, common mental disorders and depression. An analytical and exploratory cross-sectional study was carried out with 117 undergraduate students at an institution in the countryside of Bahia. The prevalence of the variables studied was estimated, associations were tested using the chi-square and binary logistic regression was used to adjust the variables. Suicidal ideation had a high prevalence (18.8%) in comparison to the exaggerated concern with self-image (13.4%). The prevalence of Major Depression and CMD were 39.3% and 54.7%, respectively. There was a significant association with CMD for: female gender (PR = 2.9; 1.5 - 5.4), performing physical activity less than twice a week (PR = 1.6; 1.1 - 2.3), being unemployed (PR = 1.5; 1.1 - 2.2). For major depression, there was significance for: performing physical activity less than twice a week (PR = 1.9; 1.2 - 3.1), being unemployed (PR = 1.9; 1.2 - 3, 1), having suicidal ideas (PR = 2.1; 1.4 - 3.1) and being overly concerned with self-image (PR = 2.2; 1.5 - 3.3), even when adjusted for age and gender (p-value = 0.015).

Sociodemographic Characteristics and Preferences for Family (Informal) and Formal Caregiver Help With ADLs

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Merle R. Kataoka-Yahiro ◽  
James Davis ◽  
Lana Sue Ka’opua ◽  
Angela Sy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Formal Caregivers ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Aging Adults

The purpose of this article was to compare sociodemographic characteristics and various care preferences for family and formal caregivers help with activities of daily living (ADLs). The sample was 56,337 noninstutionalized U.S. civilian adults, 40 to 65 years of age. This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)—2011 to 2014. Respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics and various care preferences for caregiver help with ADLs were analyzed. Subsequent analysis examined associations using adjusted multivariable logistic regression models. Preference for family caregivers help with ADLs was independently and significantly associated with race/ethnicity, age, gender, education, acculturation, and income. Future studies need to examine sociodemographic characteristics and caregiver preferences to tailor health care services for aging adults in the United States.

The association between studying in health promoting schools and adolescent smoking and alcohol consumption in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta Maceinaitė ◽  
Genė Šurkienė ◽  
Žymantas Žandaras ◽  
Rimantas Stukas
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adolescent Smoking ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Summary The concept of the Health Promoting School (HPS) encourages a holistic approach to promoting health in schools, instead of a more traditional education on health. The aim of this paper was to determine the association between studying in a HPS and smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents. A cross-sectional study of 3574 adolescents from 44 HPS and 66 non-HPSs was conducted. The association between studying in a HPS and smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents was analysed using logistic regression models. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to determine the differences between HPS and non-HPS students’ sociodemographic characteristics, and the difference in distribution of students who smoked and consumed alcohol at various rates across different groups. Studying in a HPS setting was not significantly associated with adolescent smoking or attempts to smoke. Compared to HPS students, non-HPS students had a significantly higher chance of attempting to consume alcohol and consumed alcohol once a month or more frequently. In comparing the distribution of HPS and non-HPS students according to the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption across various groups of respondents, it was determined that some factors were associated with frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents. The results of the study showed that studying in a HPS was associated with a reduction in both smoking and alcohol consumption, and therefore it is advisable to further develop the HPS network. However, both the individual and educational characteristics of adolescents must be taken into account when planning prevention measures.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption Among Spanish Female Adolescents: Related Factors and National Trends 2006–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazaret Alonso-Fernández ◽  
Isabel Jiménez-Trujillo ◽  
Valentín Hernández-Barrera ◽  
Domingo Palacios-Ceña ◽  
Pilar Carrasco-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Perceived Availability ◽  
National Trends

Background: The purpose of this study was: (a) to estimate trends over time in the prevalence of alcohol consumption among female adolescents between 2006 and 2014; (b) to identify the factors associated with the probability of consuming alcohol during this period for Spanish female adolescents (14–18 years old). Methods: Spanish nationwide, epidemiological, cross-sectional study on alcohol consumption by adolescent women. We used individualized secondary data retrieved from the 2006 and 2014 Spanish state survey on drug use in secondary education, for a total of 48,676 survey respondents aged 14 to 18 years. Alcohol use was the dependent variable. We also analyzed sociodemographic and educational features, lifestyle habits, perceived health risk for consumption, and perceived availability of substance using logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of alcohol consumption among female adolescents was 62.35% during the study period. Alcohol consumption increased with age and was more frequent on weekends than on school days. The variables associated with a greater probability of alcohol consumption were tobacco, marijuana (aOR = 2.37; 95% CI: 2.08–2.72), and alcohol consumption by friends (aOR = 7.24; 95% CI: 6.42–8.16). Conclusions: Alcohol consumption by female adolescents in Spain significantly increased from 2006 to 2014. Marijuana and alcohol consumption by friends were associated factors.

scholarly journals Smoking among undergraduate students in the area of health

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia ◽  
Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento ◽  
Jalber Almeida Santos ◽  
Tássia Almeida Pinto ◽  
Raulison Vieira de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
State University ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and socio-demographic and behavioral factors among undergraduate students in the area of health at the State University of Paraíba, Brazil. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample from each of the following courses: Dentistry, Nursing, Psychology, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy and Physical Education. A total of 492 students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used for statistical analysis at a 5% level of significance. Smoking prevalence was 5.7% and stress was the main reason for starting the habit (36.8%). In the multivariate analysis by logistic regression, the variables of gender, religious persuasion, semester attended in the course, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with smoking (p<0.05). Although other studies reported a strong relationship between university students and smoking, the prevalence of smokers was low. Most of the variables studied revealed a correlation with smoking. Since smoking and alcohol consumption are the two major human addictions, this study suggests a bidirectional relationship between these variables.

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