Morphological aspects and anatomy of the fruit, seeds and seedlings of Pentaclethra macroloba (willd.) Kuntze (Fabaceae)

Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of fruit, seeds and seedlings, as well as the anatomy of the seed and the seedling of Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze. Morpho-biometry was performed on fifty fruit samples and one hundred seeds. To describe the sequences of the morphological events of the germination stages, ten seeds were placed to germinate. Anatomical analysis was performed in a scanning electron microscope with seed samples and seedling leaves. The species has leguminous type fruit of 16.1 to 45.2 cm length and 4.1 to 7.3 cm width; seeds have a pleurogram and are eurispermic, ovoid, deltoid to elliptical and measure from 3.8 to 6.1 cm length and 2.5 to 5.7 cm width. Anatomically, the cotyledons are composed of thin-walled parenchyma cells with various oil cells. The seedlings have bipinnate leaves, with waxes and simple trichomes at the margins of the adaxial surface and paracytic stomata on the abaxial surface. The epicotyl is slightly twisted, with caducous cataphylls and a first pair of alternate eophylls. Germination is of the phanero-hypogean-reserve type. Taxonomic recognition of this species is possible in the field through the external morphological traits and can help in identification of saplings.

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Histological localization of furanocoumarins in Ruta graveolens shoots

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b89-120 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 915-921 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Alicja M. Zobel ◽

Stewart A. Brown

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Light Microscope ◽

Leaf Expansion ◽

Ruta Graveolens ◽

Substantial Portion ◽

Parenchyma Cells ◽

Scanning Electron

Three linear furanocoumarins, psoralen, xanthotoxin, and bergapten, were localized histologically in Ruta graveolens shoots. The highest amounts were present in the epidermis, lesser amounts in the parenchyma cells, and only traces in the glands. Scrapings and filter paper rubbings from leaf and stem surfaces gave qualitative indications of their presence. As determined by liquid chromatography, large amounts (up to at least 60% of the total in the plant) were extractable into boiling water after 2-s immersion, indicating their localization on the cuticle. Xanthotoxin was usually present in the highest concentrations on the surface, but in most cases amounts of psoralen were only slightly lower. In both the scanning electron microscope and the light microscope a layer covering the cuticle was observed; its crystal-like structure varied over the surface in the regions of the glands and other parts of the epidermis. It was thicker in younger leaves, and during leaf expansion it was stretched and sometimes broken. Localization of a substantial portion of these linear furanocoumarins on the surface is a factor in the propensity of this species to induce photophytodermatitis.

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Permineralized monocotyledons from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert (Allenby Formation) of British Columbia: Alismataceae

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b89-340 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (9) ◽

pp. 2636-2645 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Diane M. Erwin ◽

Ruth A. Stockey

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Middle Eocene ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Western North America ◽

Ground Tissue ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Parenchyma Cells ◽

In Series ◽

Thin Walled ◽

Tannin Cells

One small monocotyledon petiole, 1.8 × 1.5 mm wide, has been recovered from the Princeton chert in the Middle Eocene Allenby Formation, British Columbia. The petiole, rectangular in transverse outline, shows approximately 36 circular to oval-shaped vascular bundles within aerenchymatous ground tissue that includes tannin cells. The epidermis is underlain by a discontinuous hypodermis of thick-walled, pitted cells. Vascular bundles are in five series: (I) a median U-shaped arc of 11 – 13 bundles; (II) an abaxial arc of 6 bundles located below the main arc; (III) two short abaxial arcs of 3 bundles each; (IV) 2 bundles just below the abaxial surface; and (V) an adaxial series of 7 bundles that show an inverse orientation to those bundles in series I–IV. Larger bundles are collateral, with a protoxylem lacuna encircled by a ring of 9 – 14 thin-walled parenchyma cells, a relatively well-developed phloem strand, and one to three thin-walled metaxylem elements. Based on bundle arrangement, orientation, and morphology, the fossil petiole most closely resembles those of the Butomaceae and Alismataceae. This new species, Heleophyton helobiaeoides Erwin and Stockey gen. et sp.nov., in the Princeton chert flora, documents the presence of the Alismataceae in the Middle Eocene of western North America and provides further evidence that the locality represents an ancient aquatic ecosystem.

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Morphological Aspects of the Traumatic Chronic Subdural Hematoma Capsule: SEM Studies

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927607070286 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 211-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Marek Moskała ◽

Igor Gościński ◽

Józef Kałuża ◽

Jarosław Polak ◽

Mariusz Krupa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Morphological Aspects ◽

Thin Walled ◽

Scanning Electron

The morphology of the outer and inner membranes of traumatic chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) surgically removed from eight patients was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hematomas were divided into three groups based on time that had passed from the initiation of trauma to surgery. Structure of the CSDHs showed gradual morphological changes of the developing hematoma capsule. They initially included angiogenic and aseptic inflammatory reactions followed by progressive involvement of fibroblasts—proliferating and producing collagen fibrils. Numerous capillaries suggesting formation of new blood vessels were observed mainly in young hematomas removed between 15 and 21 days after trauma. In “older” hematomas (40 days after trauma), more numerous capillaries and thin-walled sinusoids were accompanied by patent, larger diameter blood vessels. Within the fibrotic outer membrane of the “oldest” hematoma capsules (60 or more days after trauma), especially in the area over the hematoma cavity, blood vessels were frequently occluded by clots. The results suggest dynamic changes in cellular and vascular organization of traumatic CSDH capsules paralleling the progression in hematoma age.

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Epicuticular wax on stomata of damaged silver fir trees (Abies alba Mili.)

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2005.021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 159-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomislav Bačić ◽

Ljiljana Krstin ◽

Jadranka Roša ◽

Željko Popović

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Preliminary Report ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Different Types ◽

Very High ◽

Scanning Electron

Condition of epistomatal wax on the abaxial surface of the current and previous-year needles of damaged silver fir trees (Abies alba Mill.), both from the polluted Risnjak and "clean" Donja Dobra sites in Gorski Kotar region, both influenced by pollutants coming from Europe, during two years, three times a year, were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope. In the course of time the wax tubules on the epistomatal rims of stomata in polluted, but also in "clean" needles surface, become fused and agglomerated rapidly to various extents of morphologically different types of amorphous wax crusts, primarily compact and particulate ones. This process begins very early, especially in polluted Risnjak site, and may be interpreted as a possible result of air pollution. However, the recrystalization, or production of new tubules, also appears relatively quickly in mostly cases. Quantitative estimations indicate a very large total amount of amorphous wax crusts in the current-year needles, and a very high percentage of the same wax in previous-year needles. Amorphous wax crusts cover stomatal pores, as well as the rims, disturbing the normal gas exchange. Statistically there is a signicant tendency of increase in wax degradation in the needles of the polluted site in comparison with those of the unpolluted one, but there is an insignificant wax degradation among the needles of damaged trees within each site. These results confirmed most of the research done in our preliminary report.

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Anatomy of the Southern African Boerhavia and Commicarpus species (Nyctaginaceae)

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy ◽

10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9297 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 105-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Madeleen Struwig ◽

Anine Jordaan ◽

Stefan J. Siebert

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Research Needs ◽

Generic Level ◽

Kranz Anatomy ◽

Parenchyma Cells ◽

Plant Taxon ◽

Stem Leaf ◽

Scanning Electron

The Nyctaginaceae in southern Africa is represented by five genera of which Boerhavia L. and Commicarpus Standl. are the most species-rich. Stem, leaf and anthocarp material was collected in situ and examined with a scanning electron microscope and a light microscope. The anatomy of the leaf and anthocarp proved diagnostic at the generic level, but was uniform amongst the species of each genus. Kranz anatomy occurs around the minor veins in the leaves of Boerhavia, but in Commicarpus the minor veins are surrounded by large parenchyma cells. The anthocarp of Boerhavia has five ribs or three wings, with sclerenchyma within the ribs and the area between the ribs, whereas Commicarpus has ten ribs with sclerenchyma only present within the ribs. The number of chlorenchyma rows in the stems could be diagnostic and the outline of the sclerenchyma bundles in the anthocarp could divide the Commicarpus species into two groups, but more research needs to be done on these characters.Keywords: Stem; Leaf; Anthocarp; Trichomes; Kranz anatomy; Light microscopy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9297Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(2): 105-115, 2011 (December)

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Micromorphological differences between some European and American Fraxinus (Oleaceae) species

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-008-0160-6 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dario Kremer ◽

Edith Stabentheiner ◽

Želimir Borzan ◽

Renata Jurišić Grubešić

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Fraxinus Americana ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractMicromorphological differences in leaves and pollen between two American (Fraxinus americana L., F. pennsylvanica Marshall) and two European (F. angustifolia Vahl, F. excelsior L.) ash species were studied using scanning electron microscope. The types, dimensions and distribution of characteristic trichomes were established and measured. Capitate hairs on the leaves had the same shape in all researched ash species. Acicular hairs were regularly present in two American ash species, but very rarely in the glabrous phase of F. angustifolia and F. excelsior. Only F. americana had coronulate abaxial surface of leaves. Pollen of F. angustifolia and F. excelsior had 3 (tricolpate) apertures, and F. americana and F. pennsylvanica 4 (stephanocolpate) apertures. Based on the appearance of the reticulum it’s possible to clearly distinguish all four species. F. angustifolia and F. pennsylvanica had muri with transversal ridges and seldom granules. Muri of F. excelsior and F. americana had slightly visible transversal ridges, and because of that noticeable granules.

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A scanning electron microscope study of the structure and fertilization of an ascidian egg, Ciona intestinalis

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z80-266 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 1942-1946 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

William R. Bates

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Ciona Intestinalis ◽

Follicle Cell ◽

Follicle Cells ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽

Morphological Aspects ◽

Species Specific ◽

Scanning Electron

Fertilization of the ascidian egg, Ciona intestinalis, is complicated by extravitelline accessory structures. This report describes morphological aspects of these accessory structures, in particular the follicle cell layer, using the scanning electron microscope. It is suggested that interfollicular clefts exist between adjacent follicle cells thereby facilitating the species-specific binding reaction between sperm cells and the chorion.

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In situ localization and morphology of the bacterium associated with ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b80-031 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 310-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. Kao ◽

K. E. Damann Jr.

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Secondary Wall ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Dense Network ◽

Xylem Parenchyma ◽

Ratoon Stunting Disease ◽

Parenchyma Cells ◽

Xylem Elements ◽

Scanning Electron

Freshly sectioned tissues of sugarcane with ratoon stunting disease (RSD) were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The RSD-associated bacterium was recognized by its diameter, pleomorphism, and xylem association. It commonly occupied the protoxylem and metaxylem vessels. The bacterium was observed in the gaps between secondary wall thickenings of xylem vessels and also adhering to the secondary wall. The lacunae, tracheids, and xylem parenchyma cells also were invaded by the bacterium. The lumen of some infected xylem elements was filled with a dense network of bacterial cells; Remnants of a supporting matrix were observed in some of these lumina. Unicellular forms were most frequently observed; however, swollen forms, filamentous branching forms, and microcolonies consisting of tightly aggregated bacterial cells which we have previously described from extracts of diseased tissue also were observed.

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Micromorphology and histochemical traits of staminal osmophores in Asphodelus aestivus Brot. flower

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2007.002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 13-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽

Mirosława Chwil ◽

Thomas Sawidis

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Light Microscope ◽

Lipid Droplets ◽

Basal Part ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Convex Wall ◽

Asphodelus Aestivus ◽

Scanning Electron

The conducted studies pertained to micromorphology of the surface of epidermis cells and histological traits of staminal filaments of Asphodelus aestivus Brot. flowers. The structure of the filaments was analyzed in a light microscope (LM) using various histochemical techniques. The morphology of the surface of the epidermis of filaments was observed in scanning electron microscope (SEM). Filaments Asphodelus aestivus accrete together with the basal part of the abaxial surface with the leaves of perianth. Their lower, wider, and flattened part surrounds the ovary. The epidermis of the staminal osmophores creates papilliose cells and unicellular hairs of various sizes. In the uppermost part of these structures, round marks in the cuticle layer after the emission of discharge were observed with the SEM. The outside, convex wall of the isodiametric cells of the epidermis, papillae and hairs was significantly thicker from the remaining walls. It was covered with cuticle of different ornamentation. The cells that created papillae and hairs had a large, centrally located vacuole and a thin layer of cytoplasm with numerous small vacuoles as well as large, often lobed nuclei. In the protoplasts of these cells the presence of plastids and lipid droplets was noted. During the time of secretion of elicitor between the wall and cuticle of the epidermis cells, convex bubbles were formed, in which the secreted substance was accumulated. At the end of secretion, on the surface of papillae, hairs and other cells of the epidermis, irregularly protruding cuticle was observed. It was noted that the composition of staminal osmophores in the flowers of Asphodelus aestivus includes papillae, hairs and cells of the epidermis that do not form papillae.

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Morphology, Distribution and Identification of Micro-Constituents Along Grain Boundaries in Nickel-Base Alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071326 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 176-177

Author(s):

D. E. Fornwalt ◽

A. R. Geary ◽

B. H. Kear

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Rupture Life ◽

Stress Rupture ◽

High Volume ◽

Precipitate Morphology ◽

Stress Rupture Life ◽

Nickel Base ◽

Scanning Electron

A systematic study has been made of the effects of various heat treatments on the microstructures of several experimental high volume fraction γ’ precipitation hardened nickel-base alloys, after doping with ∼2 w/o Hf so as to improve the stress rupture life and ductility. The most significant microstructural chan§e brought about by prolonged aging at temperatures in the range 1600°-1900°F was the decoration of grain boundaries with precipitate particles.Precipitation along the grain boundaries was first detected by optical microscopy, but it was necessary to use the scanning electron microscope to reveal the details of the precipitate morphology. Figure 1(a) shows the grain boundary precipitates in relief, after partial dissolution of the surrounding γ + γ’ matrix.

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