scholarly journals Impact of soil moisture over Palmer Drought Severity Index and its future projections in Brazil

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Rossato ◽  
José Antônio Marengo ◽  
Carlos Frederico de Angelis ◽  
Luciana Bassi Marinho Pires ◽  
Eduardo Mario Mendiondo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wilting Point

ABSTRACT Soil moisture is a main factor for the study of drought impacts on vegetation. Drought is a regional phenomenon and affects the food security more than any other natural disaster. Currently, the monitoring of different types of drought is based on indexes that standardize in temporal and regional level allowing, thus, comparison of water conditions in different areas. Therefore, in order to assess the impact of soil moisture during periods of drought, drought Palmer Severity Index was estimated for the entire region of the territory. For this were used meteorological data (rainfall and evapotranspiration) and soil (field capacity, permanent wilting point and water storage in the soil). The data field capacity and wilting point were obtained from the physical properties of soil; while the water storage in soil was calculated considering the water balance model. The results of the PSDI were evaluated during the years 2000 to 2015, which correspond to periods with and without occurrence of drought. In order to assess the future drought projections, considering the set of the Coupled Model Intercomparison rainfall data Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Climate projections precipitation in CMIP5 for the period 2071-2100 was extracted generating entitled forcing scenarios Representative Concentration Pathways - RCPs, and referred to as RCOP 8.5, corresponding to an approximate radiative forcing the end the twenty-first century of 8.5 Wm-2. The results showed that the PDSI is directly associated with climatological patterns of precipitation and soil moisture in any spatial and temporal scale (including future projections). Therefore, it is concluded that the PDSI is an important index to assess soil moisture different water conditions, as well as the association with economic and social information to create risk maps for subsidies to decision makers.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR TANAH DAN SIFAT-SIFAT DASAR FISIKA TANAH

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Enny Dwi Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Wilting Point

This research was conducted to study relationship between soil moisture content and soil physical characteristics that affected the moisture.The soil samples were collected from 22 scattered sites of West Java and Central Java. Analysis of soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and soil moisture retention) and soil chemical property (organic matter) was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Analysis of simple linier regression was applied to know the correlation between soil moisture content and other basic soil physical properties.Availability of soil moisture (pF 4.20 – pF 2.54) significantly correlated with organic matter, total porosity, and micro pores. The higher organic matter content as well as total porosity and micro pores the higher available soil moisture. Soil moisture of field capacity significantly correlated with clay content, sand content, micro and macro pores. The higher clay content and micro pores the higher soil moisture of field capacity. In the contrary, the higher macro pores and sand content the lower the field capacity. Soil moisture of wilting point significantly correlated with clay content and macro pores. The higher clay content the higher the wilting point, while the higher macro pores the lower soil moisture of wilting point. Keywords : Available soil water, field capacity, organic matter, soil pores, wilting point

scholarly journals Hydropedological parameters limiting soil moisture regime floodplain ecosystems of south Moravia

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Ladislav Kubík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Floodplain Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Wilting Point

Soil moisture regime of floodplain ecosystems in southern Moravia is considerably influenced and greatly changed by human activities. It can be changed negatively by water management engineering or positively by landscape revitalizations. The paper deals with problems of hydropedological characteristics (hydrolimits) limiting soil moisture regime and solves effect of hydrological factors on soil moisture regime in the floodplain ecosystems. Attention is paid especially to water retention curves and to hydrolimits – wilting point and field capacity. They can be acquired either directly by slow laboratory assessment, derivation from the water retention curves or indirectly by calculation using pedotransfer functions (PTF). This indirect assessment uses hydrolimit dependency on better available soil physical parameters namely soil granularity, bulk density and humus content. The aim is to calculate PTF for wilting point and field capacity and to compare them with measured values. The paper documents suitableness utilization of PTF for the region of interest. The results of correlation and regression analysis for soil moisture and groundwater table are furthermore presented.

The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Foliar Activity of Diclofop

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Dortenzio ◽  
R. F. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Wilting Point

Loss in activity of foliar-applied methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} occurred under low soil moisture conditions. A loss in control of yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], wild oats (Avena fatuaL.), little-seed canarygrass (Phalaris minorRetz.), and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.], was observed under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. When soil was maintained at 2 to 3% above wilting point as compared to near field capacity, herbicide activity was decreased by 15 to 50%. High soil moisture (at or above 67% of field capacity) for at least 2 to 4 days following treatment was needed to achieve maximum effectiveness of the herbicide. Daily furrow irrigations for a period of 10 days following treatment of barnyardgrass in the field resulted in highest activity as compared to that under single irrigation regimes within the 10-day period. The effect of low soil moisture was minimized by increased rates of herbicide application. Hoe-29152 {methyl-2-[4-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenoxy] propanoate} showed similar losses in activity associated with low soil moisture. No consistent changes in uptake or translocation of14C-labeled diclofop could be detected in association with altered soil moisture status.

Summertime dust storms over the Arabian Peninsula and impacts on radiation and atmospheric circulation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Francis ◽  
Jean-Pierre Chaboureau ◽  
Narendra Nelli ◽  
Juan Cuesta ◽  
Noor Alshamsi
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Air Quality Forecast ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

<p>This study investigates the underlying atmospheric dynamics associated with intense dust storms in summer 2018 over the Arabian Peninsula (AP); a major dust source at global scale. It reports, for the first time, on the formation of cyclone over the Empty Quarter Desert as important mechanism for intense dust storms over this source region. The dust direct and semi-direct radiative forcings are observed, for the first time over this source region, using high-resolution in-situ and CERES-SYN satellite observational data. The three-dimensional structure and evolution of the dust storms are inferred from state-of-the-art satellite products such as SEVIRI, AEROIASI and CALIPSO. The dynamics and thermodynamics of the boundary layer during this event are thoroughly analyzed using ERA5 reanalysis and ground based observations.</p><p>We found that a large dust storm by Shamal winds led up, through radiative forcing, to cyclone development over the Empty Quarter Desert, subsequent dust emissions, development of convective clouds and rain. The cyclogenesis over this region initiated a second intense dust storm which developed and impacted the AP for 3 consecutive days. The uplifted dust by the cyclone reached 5 km in altitude and altered the radiative budget at the surface, inducing both significant warming during night and cooling during day. The dust load uplifted by the cyclone was estimated by the mesoscale model Meso-NH to be in the order of 20 Tg, and the associated aerosol optical depth was higher than 3. The model simulates reasonably the radiative impact of the dust in the shortwave but highly underestimated its impact in the LW.</p><p>Our study stresses the importance of the dust radiative forcing in the longwave and that it should be accurately accounted for in models to properly represent the impact of dust on the Earth system especially near source areas. Missing the warming effect of dust aerosols would impact both the weather and air quality forecast, and the regional climate projections.</p><p>These results were published in November 2020 in the journal Atmospheric Research doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105364.</p>

Increasing the depth of a Land Surface Model. Part II: Temperature sensitivity to improved subsurface thermodynamics and associated permafrost response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Steinert ◽  
J. F. González-Rouco ◽  
P. de Vrese ◽  
E. García-Bustamante ◽  
S. Hagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Soil Parameter ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of various modifications of the JSBACH Land Surface Model to represent soil temperature and cold-region hydro-thermodynamic processes in climate projections of the 21st century is examined. We explore the sensitivity of JSBACH to changes in the soil thermodynamics, energy balance and storage, and the effect of including freezing and thawing processes. The changes involve 1) the net effect of an improved soil physical representation and 2) the sensitivity of our results to changed soil parameter values and their contribution to the simulation of soil temperatures and soil moisture, both aspects being presented in the frame of an increased bottom boundary depth from 9.83 m to 1418.84 m. The implementation of water phase changes and supercooled water in the ground creates a coupling between the soil thermal and hydrological regimes through latent heat exchange. Momentous effects on subsurface temperature of up to ±3 K, together with soil drying in the high northern latitudes, can be found at regional scales when applying improved hydro-thermodynamic soil physics. The sensitivity of the model to different soil parameter datasets occurs to be low but shows important implications for the root zone soil moisture content. The evolution of permafrost under pre-industrial forcing conditions emerges in simulated trajectories of stable states that differ by 4 – 6 • 106 km2 and shows large differences in the spatial extent of 105 –106 km2 by 2100, depending on the model configuration.

scholarly journals The impact of climate mitigation on projections of future drought

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2339-2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Taylor ◽  
E. Burke ◽  
L. McColl ◽  
P. D. Falloon ◽  
G. R. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Standardised Precipitation Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Emissions

Abstract. Drought is a cumulative event, often difficult to define and involving wide-reaching consequences for agriculture, ecosystems, water availability, and society. Understanding how the occurrence of drought may change in the future and which sources of uncertainty are dominant can inform appropriate decisions to guide drought impacts assessments. Our study considers both climate model uncertainty associated with future climate projections, and future emissions of greenhouse gases (future scenario uncertainty). Four drought indices (the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), Soil Moisture Anomaly (SMA), the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and the Standardised Runoff Index (SRI)) are calculated for the A1B and RCP2.6 future emissions scenarios using monthly model output from a 57-member perturbed parameter ensemble of climate simulations of the HadCM3C Earth System model, for the baseline period 1961–1990, and the period 2070–2099 ("the 2080s"). We consider where there are statistically significant increases or decreases in the proportion of time spent in drought in the 2080s compared to the baseline. Despite the large range of uncertainty in drought projections for many regions, projections for some regions have a clear signal, with uncertainty associated with the magnitude of change rather than direction. For instance, a significant increase in time spent in drought is generally projected for the Amazon, Central America and South Africa whilst projections for northern India consistently show significant decreases in time spent in drought. Whilst the patterns of changes in future drought were similar between scenarios, climate mitigation, represented by the RCP2.6 scenario, tended to reduce future changes in drought. In general, climate mitigation reduced the area over which there was a significant increase in drought but had little impact on the area over which there was a significant decrease in time spent in drought.

GERMINATION AND SURVIVAL OF COLORADO SPRUCE, SCOTS PINE, CARAGANA, AND SIBERIAN ELM AT FOUR SALINITY AND TWO MOISTURE LEVELS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. E. Werkhoven ◽  
P. J. Salisbury ◽  
W. H. Cram
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Caragana Arborescens ◽  
Wilting Point

In a greenhouse study, salinity levels of ECe = 1, 4, 7, and 10 mmhos/cm at 25° were used to test the salinity tolerance of Colorado spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), caragana (Caragana arborescens Lam.), and Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.) seedlings at two levels of soil moisture. Emergence, survival, plant height, and dry-matter yield were used as the response criteria.The deciduous species were more salt-tolerant than the coniferous species. In terms of survival, an ECe value of between 7 and 10 mmhos appeared to be critical for caragana and elm in a soil with a moisture content of about midway between the wilting point and field capacity. The corresponding values for spruce and pine were closer to 4 and 6 mmhos respectively. Seedling survival was markedly improved by maintaining the soil moisture level at field capacity.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Hydrologic Sensitivity to Climatic and Anthropogenic Changes in Northern Morocco

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Milewski ◽  
Wondwosen M. Seyoum ◽  
Racha Elkadiri ◽  
Michael Durham
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Changes ◽  
The Impact

Natural and human-induced impacts on water resources across the globe continue to negatively impact water resources. Characterizing the hydrologic sensitivity to climatic and anthropogenic changes is problematic given the lack of monitoring networks and global-scale model uncertainties. This study presents an integrated methodology combining satellite remote sensing (e.g., GRACE, TRMM), hydrologic modeling (e.g., SWAT), and climate projections (IPCC AR5), to evaluate the impact of climatic and man-made changes on groundwater and surface water resources. The approach was carried out on two scales: regional (Morocco) and watershed (Souss Basin, Morocco) to capture the recent climatic changes in precipitation and total water storage, examine current and projected impacts on total water resources (surface and groundwater), and investigate the link between climate change and groundwater resources. Simulated (1979–2014) potential renewable groundwater resources obtained from SWAT are ~4.3 × 108 m3/yr. GRACE data (2002–2016) indicates a decline in total water storage anomaly of ~0.019m/yr., while precipitation remains relatively constant through the same time period (2002–2016), suggesting human interactions as the major underlying cause of depleting groundwater reserves. Results highlight the need for further conservation of diminishing groundwater resources and a more complete understanding of the links and impacts of climate change on groundwater resources.

EFFECT OF SOIL WATER CONTENT ON THE WINTER SURVIVAL OF WINTER WHEAT, RYE AND TRITICALE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES CLOUTIER ◽  
ANDRÉ COMEAU ◽  
MICHÈLE BERNIER-CARDOU ◽  
DENIS A. ANGERS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Ice Encasement ◽  
Wilting Point

A field study was conducted to determine the effect of soil moisture on the survival of three winter cereal species. Treatments were applied by watering and weighing the soil to the desired water content. Plants were overwintered in a plastic greenhouse in 1988 and in 1989, in which the air was not heated, but the soil was slightly heated on cold days to avoid very low temperatures. Soil temperature did not fall below −16 °C. Soil temperature rate of change was dependent on moisture content. Puma winter rye and Otrastajuskaja 38 winter wheat were the hardiest, followed by Wintri winter triticale and Norstar winter wheat. Harus winter wheat was less hardy, and Champlein winter wheat was totally winter killed. The highest survival rate was obtained at moderate to high soil moisture content. The soil contained 44% water at field capacity and 19% at the wilting point. The drier the soil in the range 13–23%, the greater the mortality indicating a negative effect of long-term drought on plant survival. By contrast, the wettest treatments: 58% and partial ice encasement, did not reduce survival. However, total ice encasement killed 50–75% of the plants depending on the cultivar. There was an interaction between cultivar and moisture treatment. The data suggest that a moisture level intermediate between the wilting point and field capacity should be sought in studies of cold hardiness.Key words: Moisture, winterkill, ice encasement, wheat, rye, triticale

scholarly journals Effects of Combined Application of Bradyrhizobium Japonicum and Pseudomonas Putida on Nutrients and Water Contents of Soybean in Relation to Soil Moisture Regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rotaru
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are of growing interest for their potential role in improving soil fertility and enhancing crops productivity and nutrients contents. In order to assess the impact of PGPR on nutrients contents of soybean, a greenhouse experiment was carried out with Bradyrhizobium japonicum applied alone or in combination with Pseudomonas putida in conjunction with fertilization of P or manure. Two soil moisture regimes were installed: 70% of whole holding capacity (WHC) as control and 35% WHC as moderate water stress. The water deficit was imposed at the flowering stage for 12 days. Plants cultivated under P insufficiency and drought exhibited lower physiological parameters in treatment with single inoculation of B. japonicum than combined application of two rhizobacteria. The results showed that the combined application of rhizobacteria enhanced the N and P contents of soybean regarding of soil water conditions. The integrated use of rhizobacteria improved the relative water content of soybean. Their influence was more pronounced under P deficiency and manure fertilization of plants especially under no stress water conditions. Hence, combined application of B. japonicum and P. putida has a potential to improve nutrition and growth of soybean under normal soil moisture as well as under moderate drought.

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