scholarly journals Germination of palm seeds under periods of rehydration

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Kássia Barros Ferreira ◽  
Antonio Maricélio Borges de Souza ◽  
Ana Carolina Corrêa Muniz ◽  
Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Recalcitrant Species ◽  
Seeds Germination ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Abstract Palm seeds are indicative of being recalcitrant species. Seeds germination for many species, is slow and uneven, even in favorable conditions, often due to the resistance of the woody endocarp that makes them impermeable to water. Most species also have the characteristic of not tolerating the drying process at low moisture levels, thus losing their viability. In view of these considerations, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different periods of rehydration on the germinative process of seeds of royal palm, dwarf palm and jeriva. Seeds were homogenized and immersed in water containing 3 times their volume, with daily replacement. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with 5 treatments (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days of rehydration), with 4 replications of 25 seeds. The seeds were placed in transparent “gerbox” plastic boxes containing medium vermiculite as substrate and placed in BOD with a photoperiod of 16-hour of light and their respective optimum temperatures for each species. The number of germinated seeds was counted every 2 days until germination stabilized. The variables analyzed were germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), average germination time (AGT) and distribution of germination over the days. Rehydration for 3 days increased the germination rate of royal palm seeds. For dwarf and jeriva species, rehydration did not influence the analyzed variables. The GSI and AGT were negatively influenced by the rehydration periods for royal palm. Rehydration prolonged the peak of germination of the studied species.

Perianth colour affects germination behaviour in wind-pollinated Salsola rubescens in Arabian deserts

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. El-Keblawy ◽  
Arvind Bhatt ◽  
Sanjay Gairola
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Light Requirement ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
Seeds Germination

Salsola rubescens Franch. is a wind-pollinated halophytic shrub that produces fruits with red and yellow winged perianths. Germinability of seeds from both fruit types was determined under various light, temperature, and salinity treatments. Red seeds, with and without winged perianths, were heavier than yellow seeds. Germination percentage and germination rate index (speed) were significantly affected by the perianth colour, presence of wings, and temperature and light of incubation and most of their interactions. Germination percentage was greater for yellow-winged seeds than for red-winged seeds. Wing removal significantly enhanced the germination percentage and germination speed in the two types. The presence of wings enhanced germination at lower temperatures, but wing absence enhanced germination at higher temperatures. Wing removal enhanced germination to a greater degree in yellow than in red seeds. There was no light requirement during germination of red-winged seeds, but yellow-winged seeds germinated significantly more in light than in darkness. Red-winged and dewinged seeds were more tolerant to salinity than yellow seeds. Removal of wings significantly increased salinity tolerance for seeds of both wing colours. It is concluded that the showy perianth colours have an ecological role in wind-pollinated plants in regulating dormancy and germination behaviour in the heterogeneous unpredictable hyperarid deserts.

scholarly journals Improving Germination Rate of Coastal Glehnia by Cold Stratification and Pericarp Removal

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Moon-Sun Yeom ◽  
Thi Kim Loan Nguyen ◽  
Ju-Sung Cho ◽  
Myung-Min Oh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Glehnia Littoralis ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Inhibited Water

The medicinal plant, coastal glehnia (Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq.), belongs to the Apiaceae, which is known to exhibit morpho-physiological seed dormancy (MPD). In this study, we aimed to determine the dormancy type of this plant, along with the conditions for breaking dormancy, and how to increase its germination rate for mass production. Initially, the seeds of coastal glehnia had undeveloped embryos, which gradually developed following cold (5 °C) stratification over eight weeks. The embryo to seed (E:S) ratio increased to 66.7%, confirming that the seeds had the MPD type. Coastal glehnia seeds with pericarp did not show inhibited water uptake, and the germination inhibitory chemicals were not detected. However, removal of the pericarp improved the final germination percentage, germination speed, and T50 of coastal glehnia seeds compared with those of seeds with pericarp at 20 °C, which showed the highest value compared with other temperature treatments. Thus, cold stratification at 5 °C for eight weeks and removing the pericarp of germinating seeds maintained at 20 °C is efficient ways to break dormancy and improve the germination rate for the mass production of coastal glehnia.

scholarly journals Temperature on Annona cherimola Mill. x Annona squamosa L. seed germination

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Deived Carvalho ◽  
Maria Cruz ◽  
Elisete Osipi ◽  
Jethro Osipe ◽  
Ronan Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Annona Cherimola ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Germinated Seeds

In the production of atemoya rootstocks (Annona cherimola Mill. x Annona squamosa L.), the seed propagation is hindered by dormancy resulting in low germination, similar to temperature that affects the percentage, speed, and uniformity of germination. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of constant and alternating temperature on the seed germination of three atemoya genotypes: ‘Gefner’, ‘Thompson’ and ‘PR-1’ at 25°C and 20-30°C (8-16h) using germination paper in absence of light, with four samples of 25 seeds per treatment. The evaluations occurred each seven days up to 35 days, which were assessed: germinated seeds, seedlings, dormant seeds and germination speed index. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of 3x2, using four replications. The water content, fresh and dry matter of 100 seeds were analyzed in a completely randomized scheme with four replications. The alternating temperature 20-30°C provided favorable condition and higher germination percentage for atemoya seeds, achieving 0.638 for germination speed index and 37% for percentage of germination at 35 days. ‘Gefner’ and ‘Thompson’ cultivars presented higher percentage of germination than ‘PR-1’.

scholarly journals Recurrent inconsistencies in publications that involve Maguire’s germination rate formula

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. eSC02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Pire ◽  
Georgina Vargas-Simón
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Mathematical Formula ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Correct Calculation

Aim of study: The objective of this study was to present statistical information pertaining to recurrent inconsistencies found in the literature of the last 25 years that involve calculation of the GR and the errors that this may entail when interpreting the seed vigor of different botanical materials.Materiales y métodos: After filtering articles that did not present numerical results or in which the application of Maguire's formula was not clearly indicated, a total of 124 papers were ultimately used in this study.Main results: Germination rate (GR) represents the potential of seeds to germinate and, along with germination percentage (GP), are the two most important measurements when evaluating seed quality. The correct calculation of GR allows the seeds classification according to their vigor and capacity to produce healthy seedlings, so it is very important to rely on the adequate mathematical formula for this purpose. According to the formula developed by Maguire, this parameter is calculated by the sum of values obtained when dividing the GP at different times (i.e. daily) by the total time elapsed since the start of the test. We have found from the relevant literature that different authors have been using different ways of applying the formula, which makes it difficult to directly compare the results.Research highlights: A total of 54.8 % of the papers reviewed, belonging mainly to the theme of forestry, presented objectionable application of the formula. Publication of this warning may help to reduce the occurrence of this situation in the future.Keywords. Germination percentage, germination speed, Maguire’s formula, seed vigor.

Chitosan coating on bean and maize seeds: release of agrochemical fungicide and post-storage condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Araceli Godínez-Garrido ◽  
Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel ◽  
Jorge Covarrubias-Prieto ◽  
Francisco Cervantes-Ortiz ◽  
Artemio Pérez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chitosan Coating ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Germination Speed

Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin; it has multiple applications in agriculture as an antifungal, soil conditioner, inducer of defense mechanisms, fruits postharvest coating, leaves and seeds, among others. The objective in this research was to evaluate the effect of chitosan coatings mixed with fungicide (dithiocarbamate) on the germination and germination speed of bean and maize seeds in storage and to determine the retention capacity of the fungicide in the coated seeds under different times of imbibition. Two coating treatments at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan in water, two coatings treatments at 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan supplemented with 0.5% fungicide and a coating without chitosan using only 0.5% fungicide in water were used in bean and maize seed; and as control seeds imbibed in distilled water were used; after treatments, germination percentage and germination speed were determined, also fungicide release were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 6 h of imbibition, and the effect of storage time on germination and germination speed was determined at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of storage at 4 °C and 45% relative humidity. The fungicide release effect was determined by inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum conidia germination. There were no negative effects of coatings on seed germination after storage. The treatment that provided both greater retention of the fungicidal agent and released it gradually, was 0.5% chitosan mixed with fungicide concentration. Chitosan coating seeds mixed with fungicide do not cause negative changes in seed germination or germination rate.

scholarly journals SUPERAÇÃO DA DORMÊNCIA EM SEMENTES DE Plathymenia reticulata Benth.

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Cássio Do Prado Borges ◽  
Cheila Deisy Ferreira ◽  
Daniela Pereira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Detergent Solution ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
T1 And T2

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a germinação e vigor de sementes de Plathymenia reticulata Benth. submetidas a diferentes tratamentos para superação de dormência. Os tratamentos testados foram: controle - sementes intactas (T0), escarificação mecânica com lixa d’água nº 60 (T1), desponte na região lateral do tegumento (T2), imersão em água fervente por 10 min (T3), em hipoclorito de sódio por 15 min (T4) e em solução com detergente por 15 min (T5). Foram determinados: peso de mil sementes, grau de umidade, porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), tempo médio de germinação (TMG), curva de embebição, teste da condutividade elétrica e comprimento da radícula. A porcentagem de germinação das sementes submetidas ao T1 e T2 foi estatisticamente igual (respectivamente, 90 e 88%) e superiores aos outros tratamentos testados (12%). As sementes expostas aos T1 e T2 apesentaram porcentagem de absorção de água superiores e em menor tempo, assim como maiores IVG e menores TMG, comparadas aos demais tratamentos. O comprimento das radículas não variou entre os tratamentos testados. A condutividade elétrica da solução com as sementes do T0 foi superior aos outros tratamentos testados. Sementes de P. reticulata expostas ao T1 e T2 apresentam maior germinação e vigor.Palavras-chave: germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, teste de condutividade elétrica, vigor, vinhático. DORMANCY BREAKING OF Plathymenia reticulata Benth. SEEDS ABSTRACT:This study aimed to evaluate the germination and vigor of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. seeds submitted to different dormancy breaking treatments. Testing treatments were: control - intact seeds (T0); mechanical scarification with sandpaper n. 60 (T1), coating cutting in the lateral side of tegument (T2), immersion in boiling water during 10 min (T3), in sodium hypochlorite solution during 15 min (T4), and in detergent solution during 15 min (T5). Moisture content, 1000-seed weight, germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), imbibition curve, electrical conductivity test, and radicle length were determined. Germination percentage to T1 and T2 were statistically equal (90 and 88 %, respectively) and higher than others treatments tested (12%). Seeds exposed to T1 and T2 also presented higher and faster water absorption percentage, when compared to the others treatments, as well as higher GSI, and lower MGT. The rootlets length did not vary among treatments tested. Electrical conductivity of intact seeds was higher than others treatments. P. reticulata seeds expose to T1 e T2 had highest germination percentage and vigor.Keywords: germination, germination speed index, electrical conductivity test, vigor, vinhático.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Salinity on Seeds Germination of Sterile Oat (Avena sterilis) and Rigid Rye Grass (Lolium rigidum) at Constant or Alternating Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Khalid S. Alshallash Khalid S. Alshallash
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Seeds Germination ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Sterile oat (Avena sterilis) and rigid rye grass (Lolium rigidum) are well known grasses in many parts of the world. They grow in grasslands and arable lands. Both are recorded as serious weeds of arable lands in many countries worldwide. Seeds germination of both species were tested at four levels of water salinity concentrations (0, 100, 300, 500 mM/L of NaCl) and five different temperatures (Constant at 8 C ° or alternating temperatures of; 8/16, 10/18, 6/14, 10/20 C?). Photoperiods regime of 8 hours darkness and 16 hours of light at the constant temperature was implemented. The same was followed with the alternating temperatures with 8 hours darkness at the lower temperature and 16 hours light with the higher temperature. A. sterilis seeds showed better germination with high significance of (? 00.1) than L. rigidum seeds at all tested treatments. The mean number of germinated seeds of A. sterilis was (6) out of (20) seeds /petri dish whereas, it was nearly (3) geminated seeds with L. rigidum. Both species secured the highest germination percentage at level of alternating temperatures of (10/20 C °) with 40% (mean number of germinated seeds was 8 out of 20 seeds / petri dish) for A. sterilis and 25% (5 out of 20 seeds / petri dish) for L. rigidum. Although A. sterilis seeds showed some germination (25%) at constant temperatures of (8 C°), L. rigidum seeds were less in favorite of this climatic condition expressing its response to alternating temperatures. Generally, A. sterilis seeds showed better germination responses than L. rigidum seeds at all different level of tested temperatures. Moreover, A. sterilis seeds resist water salinity as high as 100 mM of NaCl/L and showed almost 50 % germination especially at its favorite alternating temperature of (10/20 C °). L. rigidum seeds also showed some resistance to 100 mM/L of NaCl giving about 35 % germination. However, both species gave poor germination at higher levels of water salinity of 300 and 500 mM of NaCl/L concentrations. Results confirmed that both species seeds germination are in favorite of moderate alternating temperatures condition expressing some resistance to water salinity. This explains both species invasion and persistence in arable lands being reported a serious weedy plant species especially in a Mediterranean climate and subtropical conditions. In addition those results showed some of the two species seed biological aspects, which could contribute to a better control practice of the two species in arable lands.

scholarly journals Thermal stress and physiological changes in watermelon seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Marcelo do Nascimento Araujo ◽  
Fábio Luiz Santos Ornellas ◽  
Bárbara França Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Evaluation Parameters ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT Given that watermelon is a crop widespread around the world, there is considerable interest in verifying how its seeds physiologically behave under unfavorable temperature conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical changes mobilization and reserves degradation, as well as the enzyme activity, during seed germination and initial growth of watermelon seedlings subjected to thermal stress, using temperature, germination percentage, germination rate and relative germination frequency over the incubation time as evaluation parameters. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, with five temperatures (17 ºC, 20 ºC, 25 ºC, 30 ºC and 35 ºC) and three cultivars (Charleston Gray, Fairfax and Crimson Sweet), with 4 replicates of 50 seeds. Germination, seedling growth, reserve degradation and stress protection system were evaluated. Thermal stress caused deleterious effects on watermelon seeds with germination capacity at well defined temperature limits, being 25 ºC the ideal temperature, with the highest percentage of normal seedlings. Sub- (17 ºC) and supra-optimal (30 ºC) temperatures presented more than 80 % of abnormal seedlings. The α-amylase enzyme activity is intense only at the beginning of germination. Under thermal stress, the proline contents increase mainly in the cotyledons.

scholarly journals Allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) on lettuce and maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 40972
Author(s):  
Nayara Parisoto Boiago ◽  
Andréa Maria Teixeira Fortes ◽  
Daiane Maria Pilatti ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Siberti da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Germination Speed

 This study aimed to analyse the allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry leaves on the germination of lettuce and the initial development of maize. Brazilian cherry leaves were used to prepare a fresh aqueous extract (200 g L-1) and an infused extract (100 g L-1), which were diluted to concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 or 2.0% w/v. The variables evaluated in lettuce were the germination rate (GR), germination time index (GTI), germination speed index (GSI) and root length (RL). To determine the effect on the initial development of maize, we measured the shoot (SL) and root (RL) length. The experimental design included a factorial 2 × 5 design (two extracts and five concentrations), in addition to a control treatment (no extract). In general, the allelopathic bioactivity differed between the fresh and infused extracts. The fresh extract was more phytotoxic for the GR and RL of lettuce. Some beneficial results were observed for the infused extract, including an increase in the RL of lettuce and SL of maize. These effects were dependent on the extract concentration. Thus, there is evidence that Brazilian cherry extracts have allelopathic bioactivity. 

Germination in Stylosanthes humilis Populations in the Presence of NaCl

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Lovato ◽  
PS Martins ◽  
Filho JPD Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
North East ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis

The germination response to NaCl treatments (0, 67, 134, 201 and 268 mol m-3) was investigated in 6 natural populations of Stylosanthes humilis from 3 ecogeographic regions of Pernambuco State, north-east Brazil. In general, salt tolerance was high, with percentage germination unaltered up to 67 mol m-3 NaCl in 2 populations and unaltered up to 134 mol m-3 NaCl in the remaining 4. The estimated concentration which reduced percentage germination to 50% varied between populations from 200 to 295 mol m-3 NaCl. Salt affected germination rate even more than it did the germination percentage, being altered at 67 mol m-3 NaCl in all populations. The germination rate was reduced to 50% in the range of 131-176 mol m-3 NaCl. There was a significant variation in salt tolerance between these natural populations, and no relation was found between salt tolerance of the populations and the aridity of their provenance.

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