scholarly journals Daily and seasonal activity patterns of free range South-American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRO M. TOZETTI ◽  
MARCIO MARTINS
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
South America ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Crotalus Durissus

This study aimed at describing daily and seasonal variation in the activity of a population of South-American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) in a savanna like habitat (Cerrado) in Southeastern Brazil. Seasonal and daily activities of snakes were evaluated by the number of captures of snakes during road surveys, accidental encounters, and relocations by radio-tracking. Our results show that climatic variables such as air temperature and rainfall have little influence on the activity pattern of rattlesnakes. Our findings indicate that rattlesnakes spend most of the day resting and most of the night in ambush posture. The South-American rattlesnake is active throughout the year with a discrete peak in activity of males during the matting season. The possibility of maintaining activity levels even during the coldest and driest season can facilitate the colonization of several habitats in South America. This possibility currently facilitates the colonization of deforested areas by rattlesnakes.

Seasonal Activity Patterns of Two Species of Nyctophilus Bats Based on Mist-Net Captures.

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
R.M. Brigham ◽  
F. Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Annual Activity ◽  
A Site ◽  
Mist Net

We evaluated the annual activity cycle of Nytophilus gouldi and N. geoffroyi using 82 nights of mist-netting data from a site near Armidale in northern NSW. Our purpose was to assess whether these bats hibernated or used short bouts of daily torpor combined with foraging on at least some nights. During the cold months of the year (May - August) bat activity levels inferred from net captures was very low providing support for the hypothesis that these bats use daily torpor and at least sometimes actively forage as opposed to entering hibernation.

scholarly journals Projected End-of-Century Changes in the South American Monsoon in the CESM Large Ensemble

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (18) ◽  
pp. 7859-7874
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Thome Sena ◽  
Gudrun Magnusdottir
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Large Ensemble ◽  
South American Monsoon ◽  
The Mean

AbstractProjected changes in the South American monsoon system by the end of the twenty-first century are analyzed using the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LENS). The wet season is shorter in LENS when compared to observations, with the mean onset occurring 19 days later and the mean retreat date 21 days earlier in the season. Despite a precipitation bias, the seasonality of rainfall over South America is reproduced in LENS, as well as the main circulation features associated with the development of the South American monsoon. Both the onset and retreat of the wet season over South America are delayed in the future compared to current climate by 3 and 7 days, respectively, with a slightly longer wet season. Central and southeastern Brazil are projected to get wetter as a result of moisture convergence from the strengthening of the South Atlantic low-level jet and a weaker South Atlantic subtropical high. The Amazon is projected to get drier by the end of the century, negatively affecting rain forest productivity. During the wet season, an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events is found over most of South America, and especially over northeastern and southern Brazil and La Plata. Meanwhile, during the dry season an increase in the maximum number of consecutive dry days is found over northeastern Brazil and the northern Amazon.

Daily and Seasonal Activity Patterns of the Solitary Tinamou (Tinamus solitarius) in the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Coutinho Sangy Dias ◽  
Christine Steiner São Bernardo ◽  
Ana Carolina Srbek-Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Seasonal Activity

Seasonal activity of snakes in the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Eterovic ◽  
Otavio Marques ◽  
Whaldener Endo
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Annual Activity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractSeasonal abundance of some snake species from the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil was inferred from collection data gathered throughout twelve years at the Instituto Butantan in São Paulo, Brazil. The number of collected individuals of Chironius spp., Liophis miliaris, Spilotes pullatus, Tropidodryas spp., Micrurus corallinus, and Bothrops jararaca was significantly higher during the rainy season, whereas the number of Sibynomorphus neuwiedi was higher during the dry season. Erythrolamprus aesculapii, Xenodon neuwiedii, Tomodon dorsatus and Bothrops jararacussu did not show significant differences in the number of individuals collected at each of these seasons. Seasonality in captures may result from seasonal activity patterns. Food availability, tolerance to climatic conditions, reproductive cycle, and phylogenetic constraints are considered the main factors responsible for the observed patterns. A multivariate approach is recommended for analysis of annual activity.

Tadpole and advertisement call of Rhinella pombali (Baldissera, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004) (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2370 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA CAROLINA CALIJORNE LOURENÇO ◽  
DÉLIO BAÊTA ◽  
ALINE CRISTINE LOPES DE ABREU ◽  
JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR.
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
South American ◽  
The South

Most species of the South American bufonid toads are placed in Rhinella Fitzinger, 1828 (Frost 2009). Currently, this genus contains 77 species and most of them are distributed in Central and South America (Frost 2009). According to Baldissera et al. (2004), the R. crucifer species group is composed of five species: R. abei (Baldissera, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004), R. crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821), R. henseli (A. Lutz, 1934), R. ornata (Spix, 1824), and R. pombali (Baldissera, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004). This species group is widely distributed in northern Argentina, southeastern Brazil, and Uruguay (Baldissera et al. 2004; Frost 2009), and can be found in ponds and streams in forests and open areas (Heyer et al. 1990; Baldissera et al. 2004; Pombal & Gordo 2004; Eterovick & Barata 2006). Herein we describe the tadpole and advertisement call of Rhinella pombali, a species distributed throughout the Atlantic forest and in its transitional areas with the Cerrado in the State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil (Frost 2009).

scholarly journals Seasonal-to-Decadal Predictability and Prediction of South American Climate

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5988-6004 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nobre ◽  
J. A. Marengo ◽  
I. F. A. Cavalcanti ◽  
G. Obregon ◽  
V. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
South Atlantic Convergence Zone ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
South American ◽  
Climate Variations ◽  
Seasonal Climate ◽  
Tropical Ssts ◽  
Decadal Climate

Abstract The dynamical basis for seasonal to decadal climate predictions and predictability over South America is reviewed. It is shown that, while global tropical SSTs affect both predictability and predictions over South America, the current lack of SST predictability over the tropical Atlantic represents a limiting factor to seasonal climate predictions over some parts of the continent. The model’s skill varies with the continental region: the highest skill is found in the “Nordeste” region and the lowest skill over southeastern Brazil. It is also suggested that current two-tier approaches to predict seasonal climate variations might represent a major limitation to forecast coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomena like the South Atlantic convergence zone. Also discussed are the possible effects of global climate change on regional predictability of seasonal climate.

scholarly journals Biomarker-based assessment of the muscle maintenance and energy status of anurans from an extremely seasonal semi-arid environment, the Brazillian Caatinga

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bonetti Madelaire ◽  
Fernando Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
Inna Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Metabolic Regulators ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractStrongly seasonal environments pose challenges for performance and survival of animals, especially when resource abundance seasonally fluctuates. We investigated the seasonal variation of expression of key metabolic biomarkers in the muscles of three species of anurans from the drastically seasonal Brazilian semi-arid area, Caatinga. The three studied anuran species (Rhinella jimi, R. granulosa and Pleurodema diplolister) differ in their seasonal activity patterns. We examined the expression of proteins regulating energy turnover (AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK] and protein kinase B [AKT]), protein synthesis and homeostasis (total and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α [eIF2α and p-eIF2α] and chaperone proteins [HSP 60, 70, and 90]) in muscles related to reproduction and locomotion. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity was also assessed as an index of the muscle aerobic capacity. Our results point to the importance of metabolic regulators mediating the muscular function during the drastic seasonal variation. The toads that remain active during the drought appear to maintain muscles through more energy extensive pathways including elevated protein synthesis, while the aestivating species employs energy conservation strategy suppressing protein synthesis, decreasing chaperone expression and increasing expression of AMPK. All three studied species activate cell survival pathways during the drought likely to prevent muscle atrophy, and maintain the muscle capacity throughout the year, despite the resource limitation. These strategies are important considering the unpredictability of the reproductive event and high demand on muscular activity during the reproductive season in these amphibians.Summary statementWe studied seasonal variation of key metabolic regulators in the muscles of anurans that experience drastic variation in environmental conditions and differ in the seasonal activity patterns.

Seasonal Activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Southern New York State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P Piedmonte ◽  
Vanessa C Vinci ◽  
Thomas J Daniels ◽  
Bryon P Backenson ◽  
Richard C Falco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Human Bite

Abstract The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, is a species native to eastern Asia that has recently been discovered in the United States. In its native range, H. longicornis transmits pathogens that cause disease in humans and livestock. It is currently unknown whether H. longicornis will act as a vector in the United States. Understanding its seasonal activity patterns will be important in identifying which times of the year represent greatest potential risk to humans and livestock should this species become a threat to animal or public health. A study site was established in Yonkers, NY near the residence associated with the first reported human bite from H. longicornis in the United States. Ticks were collected once each week from July 2018 to November 2019. Haemaphysalis longicornis larvae were most active from August to November, nymphs from April to July, and adult females from June to September. This pattern of activity suggests that H. longicornis is capable of completing a generation within a single year and matches the patterns observed in its other ranges in the northern hemisphere. The data presented here contribute to a growing database for H. longicornis phenology in the northeastern United States. Potential implications of the short life cycle for the tick’s vectorial capacity are discussed.

scholarly journals Pleistocene Mammals from Pampean Region (Argentina). Biostratigraphic, Biogeographic, and Environmental Implications

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
José Luis Prado ◽  
María Teresa Alberdi ◽  
Jonathan Bellinzoni
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
South American ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Pampean Region ◽  
Mammalian Faunas ◽  
Pleistocene Mammals ◽  
Fossil Records

The Pampean Region contains sedimentary sequences with abundant mammal fossil records, which constitute the chronological outline of the Plio–Pleistocene of South America. These classic localities have been used for more than a century to correlate with other South American regions. Throughout this time, a series of misinterpretations have appeared. To understand the stratigraphic significance of these localities and the geochronological situation of each unit referring to the Pleistocene, a critical historical study of the antecedents was carried out, evaluating the state of each unit. The biostratigraphic studies of the Pampean Region’s mammalian faunas improved the understanding of biogeographic changes taking into account the environmental fluctuations of the Pleistocene.

scholarly journals Novel approach to modeling high-frequency activity data to assess therapeutic effects of analgesics in chronic pain conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekun Xu ◽  
Eric Laber ◽  
Ana-Maria Staicu ◽  
B. Duncan X. Lascelles
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
High Frequency Activity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition often associated with pain, affecting approximately fourteen percent of the population, and increasing in prevalence. A globally aging population have made treating OA-associated pain as well as maintaining mobility and activity a public health priority. OA affects all mammals, and the use of spontaneous animal models is one promising approach for improving translational pain research and the development of effective treatment strategies. Accelerometers are a common tool for collecting high-frequency activity data on animals to study the effects of treatment on pain related activity patterns. There has recently been increasing interest in their use to understand treatment effects in human pain conditions. However, activity patterns vary widely across subjects; furthermore, the effects of treatment may manifest in higher or lower activity counts or in subtler ways like changes in the frequency of certain types of activities. We use a zero inflated Poisson hidden semi-Markov model to characterize activity patterns and subsequently derive estimators of the treatment effect in terms of changes in activity levels or frequency of activity type. We demonstrate the application of our model, and its advance over traditional analysis methods, using data from a naturally occurring feline OA-associated pain model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document