scholarly journals Electroencephalography in congenital malformations of the central nervous system

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Campos ◽  
Guillermo Cruz ◽  
Rodolfo Lizarraga ◽  
Ernesto Bancalari ◽  
Daniel Guillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Agenesis Of Corpus Callosum ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Cns Malformations ◽  
Clinical Eeg ◽  
Eeg Pattern ◽  
Eeg Features

We studied clinical and EEG features of 36 cases with congenital malformations of the CNS. Patients were followed at the outpatient clinic of Hospital Cayetano Heredia and of Hogar Clinica San Juan de Dios in Lima-Peru, from January 1984 to June 1992. Eighty percent of the patients had convulsive syndromes and mental retardation. The most frequent malformation was agenesis of corpus callosum, and it was not possible to find a "typical" EEG pattern. The second were porencephalic cysts, with a good clinical-EEG correlation. There were two typical cases of schizencephaly, one of hemimegalencephaly with good prognosis, and one of holoprosencephaly. The results are compared to those obtained for a series we previously reported. Data discussed take into account reports on the subject registered in the literature. It is concluded that EEG is an useful method to evaluate possible CNS malformations in developing countries.

scholarly journals Neurological congenital malformations in a tertiary hospital in south Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3b) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Guardiola ◽  
Vanessa Koltermann ◽  
Paula Musa Aguiar ◽  
Sérgio Pilla Grossi ◽  
Valéria Fleck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Malformations ◽  
Cns Malformation ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Congenital anomalies are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among infants. The involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) occurs in 21% of cases. OBJECTIVE: To identify incidence of CNS malformations and associated factors in newborns at a Terciary Hospital of Porto Alegre. METHOD: Case-control study conducted between 2000 and 2005 based on the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations database. RESULTS: Among 26,588 births registered in this period, 3.67% presented with malformations (IC=95%; 3.44-3.9), being 0.36% of the CNS (IC=95%,(0.29-0.43)). The most common CNS malformation was meningomielocele (10.4%). Young maternal age (p=0.005); low birth weight (p=0.015); large cephalic perimeter (p=0.003); post term birth (p=0.000) and low APGAR indexes at the 1st and 5th minutes were associated with CNS malformations. CONCLUSION: We found an incidence of CNS malformations similar as compared to literature.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

scholarly journals Embryology of Spinal Dysraphism and its Relationship to Surgical Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-746
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Eagles ◽  
Nalin Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Spinal Dysraphism ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Pathological Correlation ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT:Spinal dysraphism is an umbrella term that encompasses a number of congenital malformations that affect the central nervous system. The etiology of these conditions can be traced back to a specific defect in embryological development, with the more disabling malformations occurring at an earlier gestational age. A thorough understanding of the relevant neuroembryology is imperative for clinicians to select the correct treatment and prevent complications associated with spinal dysraphism. This paper will review the neuroembryology associated with the various forms of spinal dysraphism and provide a clinical-pathological correlation for these congenital malformations.

Glioblastoma Multiforme with Hypodipsic Hypernatremia in a Seven-Month-Old Golden Retriever

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Engel ◽  
Karen Marie Hilling ◽  
Travis Kuder Meuten ◽  
Chad Brendan Frank ◽  
Angela J. Marolf
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Golden Retriever ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Primary hypodipsic hypernatremia is a rarely reported disease in dogs. Reported underlying causes associated with this disease in dogs include congenital malformations, encephalitis, intracranial neoplasia, and pressure atrophy of the hypothalamus secondary to hydrocephalus. The dog in this report had an infiltrative neoplastic disorder, likely causing damage to the hypothalamic osmoreceptors responsible for the thirst generation. The neoplastic process was identified histopathologically as glioblastoma multiforme, an unusual tumor to occur in a dog this young. A tumor of the central nervous system causing physical destruction of the osmoreceptors has rarely been reported in dogs and none of the previously reported cases involved a glial cell tumor.

The influence of lithium on the competence of the ectoderm in Ambystoma mexicanum

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-331
Author(s):  
D. O. E. Gebhardt ◽  
P. D. Nieuwkoop
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Amphibian Embryos ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Morphogenetic Potential ◽  
Made In

The influence of lithium on the amphibian egg has been the subject of a number of investigations. From the work of Lehmann (1937), Töndury (1938), and Pasteels (1945) it is known that exposure of amphibian embryos to lithium results in a progressive cranio-caudal reduction of the central nervous system and a simultaneous conversion of the presumptive notochord into somites. Whereas these experiments were made with whole embryos, attempts have been made in recent years to localize the lithium effect by transplanting or explanting specific parts of the embryo. Gallera (1949), for instance, concluded from his experiments with transplants containing lithium treated presumptive chorda mesoderm, that lithium had reduced the ‘morphogenetic potential’ of this inductor. Lombard (1952), on the other hand, claimed that the susceptibility of amphibian eggs towards lithium was the result of the ion's direct influence on the ectoderm rather than on the presumptive archenteron roof.

scholarly journals The internet racing ahead of the scientific evidence: the case of "liberation treatment" for multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yára Dadalti Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Internet Discussion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that typically affects young adults. A recent publication suggested that MS might originate from insufficient blood drainage in certain areas of the central nervous system. The condition was named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Other papers have not confirmed these findings and, therefore, the matter remains controversial. Nineteen months after the original publication on CCSVI and MS, another 22 papers have been published addressing the matter. No clinical trials have been carried out on the subject and there is no evidence-based indication to perform surgical vascular procedures in MS patients. However, over the same nineteen-month period, the internet discussion on the subject of CCSVI and MS has led to countless websites advertising treatment using vascular surgery for patients with MS all over the world. The treatment based on the CCSVI theory has appealingly been called "liberation treatment", thus making it difficult to explain to patients why a treatment that has been highly praised (on the internet) cannot be recommended based on partial medical results that await confirmation.

scholarly journals Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with distant spinal cord metastasis: case and MR-imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
N. A. Strumila ◽  
A. S. Krasnov ◽  
M. M. Andrianov ◽  
G. V. Teresсhenko
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (eRMS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in children, accounting for 4.5% of all childhood tumors. Half of the eRMS occuring in the head and neck are parameningeal. About 40% of patients with eRMS can develop distant metastases. In patients with intracranial tumors, metastatic spread can occur along the central nervous system (CNS) meninges. The literature describes only 4 clinical cases of eRMS with distant metastases in the spinal cord and along the meninges. Only in two out of these four cases, CSF cytology was positive (meaning that tumor cells were detected in cerebrospinal fluid). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system with contrast enhancement can be used to detect distant metastases in the CNS and meninges. We present a clinical case of a 4-year old girl with parameningeal eRMS. MRI of the CNS performed as part of a diagnostic check-up revealed nodal metastatic foci along the meninges of the spinal cord. In accordance with the treatment protocol, the patient was diagnosed with stage 4 disease and received intensive polychemotherapy resulting in the disappearance of the nodal lesions in the spinal cord and a good prognosis. The parents gave their consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.

Clinical Electroencephalography of Children Vol. II, edited by Peter Kellaway and Ingemar Peterśen. New York/London: Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1968, 332 pp., $16.75

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-786
Author(s):  
Cesare T. Lombroso
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Clinical Neurophysiology ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject

This book contains twenty papers read in the summer of 1967 at a conference in Gäteborg, Sweden. This was the second symposium within the span of 4 years on the subject of electroencephalognaphy and clinical neurophysiology relating to early life. The holding of the conference is certainly an index of the great surge of interest among pediatricians, neurologists and neurophysiologists in matters pertaining to the normal development of the central nervous system as well as in the pathologic deviations of this system.

Delta Brush Pattern Is Not Unique to NMDAR Encephalitis: Evaluation of Two Independent Long-Term EEG Cohorts

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betul Baykan ◽  
Ozlem Gungor Tuncer ◽  
Ebru Nur Vanli-Yavuz ◽  
Leyla Baysal Kirac ◽  
Gokcen Gundogdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Antineuronal Antibodies ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis ◽  
Delta Activity ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Eeg Pattern

Purpose. Although its specificity has not previously been investigated in other cohorts, delta brush pattern (DBP) is increasingly reported in the EEGs of patients with anti- N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Methods. We aimed to investigate the DBP in the EEGs of 2 cohorts; patients with change in consciousness for various causes monitored in the intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 106) and patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with or without antineuronal antibodies (n = 76). Results. These patients were investigated for the presence of DBP, defined as an EEG pattern characterized by delta activity at 1 to 3 Hz with superimposed bursts of rhythmic 12- to 30-Hz activity. Two investigators blindfolded for the clinical and immunological data independently analyzed the EEGs for recognition of this pattern. An EEG picture compatible with DBP was observed in 4 patients; only 1 of them (1.3%) belonged to the MTLE group. She did not bear any of the investigated autoantibodies and was seizure-free after epilepsy surgery. In the ICU group, there were 3 additional patients showing DBP with various diagnoses such as hypoxic encephalopathy, brain tumor, stroke, and metabolic derangements. All of them had died in 1-month period. Conclusions. Our results underlined that DBP is not unique to NMDAR encephalitis; it may very rarely occur in MTLE with good prognosis after surgery and second, in ICU patients who have high mortality rate. Therefore, the presence of this pattern should alert the clinician for NMDAR encephalitis but other possible etiologies should not be ignored.

scholarly journals Multiple Cephalic Malformations in a Calf

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
Di Muro G. ◽  
Cagnotti G. ◽  
Bellino C. ◽  
Capucchio M.T. ◽  
Colombino E. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Intracranial Lesion ◽  
Median Cleft ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Similar Combination ◽  
Neurologic Findings

Congenital malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) can affect the CNS alone or the CNS and craniofacial structures. Here, we report an unusual and complex congenital cephalic malformation observed in a 3-day-old male crossbreed calf. Clinical examination disclosed a dome-shaped cranial vault, a flat face with a short snout, a median cleft lip, and increased intraorbital distance. The frontal region of the head was remarkable for a fluctuant, sac-like protrusion covered with haired skin. Neurologic findings suggested a multifocal intracranial lesion affecting the prosencephalon and the central vestibular system. While pathological and histopathological findings posited for a presumptive diagnosis of either hydranencephaly or holoprosencephaly associated with multiple congenital facial abnormalities, not all the findings could be definitely attributed to either of the two encephalic malformations alone. To our knowledge, a similar combination of severe congenital abnormalities affecting both the CNS and the craniofacial structures has not been reported in calves to date.

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