scholarly journals Taeniasis and cysticercosis prevalence in a small village from Northeastern Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (2A) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irenio Gomes ◽  
Marielza Veiga ◽  
Emília Katiane Embiruçu ◽  
Rosângela Rabelo ◽  
Bernardo Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Antibody Capture

Although not considered as an endemic region, the Northeast of Brazil has the necessary conditions for the development of taeniasis-cysticercosis complex. In a previous paper, we demonstrated that Mulungu do Morro municipality, in the State of Bahia, has a high seroprevalence to cysticercosis in epileptic patients. OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of taeniasis and positive cysticercosis serology in the population of Mulungu do Morro. METHOD: blood and stool samples were collected from a random sampling of the population, by family. The identification of antibodies against T. solium cysticerci was made by EITB and T. solium antigens were identified using a polyclonal antibody-capture ELISA. RESULTS: the cysticercosis seroprevalence was 1.6% (C.I. = 0.8 to 2.8%) and the taeniasis prevalence 4.5% (C.I. = 3.0 to 6.5%). Seropositivity to cysticercosis was higher among those who lived in a house of a person testing positive for coproantigen, p=0.017. CONCLUSION: our results demonstrate that the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex is endemic in Mulungu do Morro. We believe that all areas in the world with the same socio-economic and sanitary characteristics are likely to have high prevalence of this parasite.

COGNITIVE DEFICIENCY AT ISCHEMIC OM STROKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Dildora Khaydarova ◽  
◽  
Hilola Davronova ◽  
Asliddin Akbarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Cognitive Deficiency ◽  
Complications And Mortality

Cerebrovascular diseases remain one of the most pressing medical and social problems in many countries of the world, due to their high prevalence, severity of complications and mortality. In Uzbekistan, the number of patients with cerebral stroke is quite large -about 40-45 thousandcases of cerebral stroke are registered annually

Mechanisms Involved in Glycemic Control Promoted by Exercise in Diabetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Francelino Andrade ◽  
Víviam de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Débora Ribeiro Orlando ◽  
Luciano José Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
World Population ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high glycemic levels for long periods. This disease has a high prevalence in the world population, being currently observed an increase in its incidence. This fact is mainly due to the sedentary lifestyle and hypercaloric diets. Non-pharmacological interventions for glycemic control include exercise, which promotes changes in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Thus, increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and decreased insulin resistance through modulating adipocytes are the main factors that improve glycemic control against diabetes. Conclusion: It was sought to elucidate mechanisms involved in the improvement of glycemic control in diabetics in front of the exercise.

A Passage Theory of Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Lipman
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Fragmented Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Change ◽  
Primitive Notion

This paper proposes a theory of time that takes the notion of passage as its basic primitive. Any notion of passage that is worthy of that name should make for real change across time. It is argued that real change across time in turn requires the obtaining of incompatible facts. The proposed theory will therefore be a form of fragmentalism, which makes room for the obtaining of incompatible facts by taking the world to exhibit a type of fragmented structure. The preferred form of fragmentalism and the primitive notion of passage are elucidated in some detail. It is argued that the resulting picture resolves the problem of change and meets the puzzling yet necessary conditions for the reality of passage

scholarly journals Paracoccidioidomycosis Diagnosed in Europe—A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Gernot Wagner ◽  
Deddo Moertl ◽  
Anna Glechner ◽  
Verena Mayr ◽  
Irma Klerings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latency Period ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Systemic Mycosis ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Full Text Screening

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis that is endemic in geographical regions of Central and South America. Cases that occur in nonendemic regions of the world are imported through migration and travel. Due to the limited number of cases in Europe, most physicians are not familiar with paracoccidioidomycosis and its close clinical and histopathological resemblance to other infectious and noninfectious disease. To increase awareness of this insidious mycosis, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence on cases diagnosed and reported in Europe. We searched PubMed and Embase to identify cases of paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosed in European countries. In addition, we used Scopus for citation tracking and manually screened bibliographies of relevant articles. We conducted dual abstract and full-text screening of references yielded by our searches. To identify publications published prior to 1985, we used the previously published review by Ajello et al. Overall, we identified 83 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosed in 11 European countries, published in 68 articles. Age of patients ranged from 24 to 77 years; the majority were male. Time from leaving the endemic region and first occurrence of symptoms considerably varied. Our review illustrates the challenges of considering systemic mycosis in the differential diagnosis of people returning or immigrating to Europe from endemic areas. Travel history is important for diagnostic-workup, though it might be difficult to obtain due to possible long latency period of the disease.

scholarly journals Development of a Shipment Policy for Collection Centers

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Irais Mora-Ochomogo ◽  
Marco Serrato ◽  
Jaime Mora-Vargas ◽  
Raha Akhavan-Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Markov Decision Process ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Unsatisfied Demand

Natural disasters represent a latent threat for every country in the world. Due to climate change and other factors, statistics show that they continue to be on the rise. This situation presents a challenge for the communities and the humanitarian organizations to be better prepared and react faster to natural disasters. In some countries, in-kind donations represent a high percentage of the supply for the operations, which presents additional challenges. This research proposes a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model to resemble operations in collection centers, where in-kind donations are received, sorted, packed, and sent to the affected areas. The decision addressed is when to send a shipment considering the uncertainty of the donations’ supply and the demand, as well as the logistics costs and the penalty of unsatisfied demand. As a result of the MDP a Monotone Optimal Non-Decreasing Policy (MONDP) is proposed, which provides valuable insights for decision-makers within this field. Moreover, the necessary conditions to prove the existence of such MONDP are presented.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Eimeria spp. in calves from dairy farms in northern Paraná state, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Sérgio Tosi Cardim ◽  
Mércia Seixas ◽  
Victor Bittencourt Dutra Tabacow ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Priscilla Gomes Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
First Time

Abstract Bovine coccidiosis is a disease of major importance in cattle herds across the world. The disorder mainly affects young calves, and E. bovis and E. zuernii are considered the most pathogenic species of the genus, however, E. alabamensis have been described in grazing calves. In this study, the prevalence of Eimeria spp. was evaluated in calves on dairy farms in the northern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Four hundred calves on 44 dairy farms were tested for the presence of coccidian oocysts. The positives were re-examined and the oocysts were morphometrically analyzed for species identification. All the farms were contaminated and 205 animals (51.25%) presented Eimeria spp. oocysts. Among these, 146 animals (71.22%) were co-infected by two or more species of coccidia. Ten species of Eimeria were identified: E. bovis (in 30.25% of the positive samples), E. alabamensis (26.75%), E. zuernii (22.00%), E. ellipsoidalis (18.50%), E. auburnensis (13.75%), E. canadensis (8.00%), E. cylindrica (7.25%), E. subspherica (5.00%), E. bukidnonensis (3.00%) and E. brasiliensis (0.75%). This study demonstrates the high prevalence of Eimeria spp. in the northern region of Paraná, Brazil, and detection for the first time in our region the pathogenic species E. alabamensis.

Turning the lights on to keep them in the fold: How governments preempt secession attempts

2021 ◽  
pp. 073889422110152
Author(s):  
Rob Williams
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
International Borders ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Cross National

There are many regions that meet the necessary conditions for sovereign governance in the world, but few secessionist conflicts. I argue that this relative paucity of secessionist violence is the result of government preemption of potential secessionist movements. Using cross-national geospatial data from 1992 to 2013, I find that governments invest more, measured via nighttime light emissions, in more secession-prone regions. The same factors that make territory attractive for secession, such as large populations and international borders, also make governments willing to work to retain control of that territory, contributing to the scarcity of separatist civil conflicts.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Eker
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Strong Indicator ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The World

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases all over the world. Prevalence of DM in Turkey is 13.7%. Depression is another condition which has a high prevalence. All over the world, an estimated 300 million people of all ages suffer from depression. The relevance between depression and DM is a well - known condition.AIM: We aimed in this study to find out the prevalence of depression symptoms for DM in an attempt to better manage the disease.METHODS: We preferred the Beck Depression Index (BDI) to evaluate the depression symptoms.RESULTS: The number of patients introduced the study were 171 (101 (59.1%) female). As a results of BDI 67 (39.2%) patients evaluated as normal [29 (28.7%) female], 54 (31.6%) had poor symptoms [35 (34.7%) female], 46 (26.9%) had moderate symptoms [34 (33.7%) female] and lastly only 4(2.3%) had strong symptoms 3 (3.0%) female]. So 50 (29.2%) of patients had median plus strong symptoms. There were statistically significant association between HbA1c stages and depression (P = 0.018).CONCLUSION: Being a patient with DM is a strong indicator that the patient may have a depressive disorder. So the physician who takes care patients with DM should be alert about depression, and the simplest way to accomplish is BDI.

scholarly journals Prevention and Prophylaxis of Youth Delinquency and Peculiarities of Appointing Punishment to Minors during a Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049
Author(s):  
Ziyoda Yakubovna Turabaeva
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Youth Delinquency ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The World ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Significant work is currently being done around the world to protect the rights of the child, pay special attention to the upbringing of minors, create the necessary conditions for them to organize their time properly, take measures to prevent them from interfering in crime and to impose penalties and impunity on juvenile offenders. In this article analyzed features of inflicting of penalties to a juvenile, peculiarities of criminal prosecution of minors, improving institutions which discharge from liability and penalty based on international experience, in particular, convicting other noncustodial penalties and other legal measures at the period of COVID-19 and further development, introducing special principles for juvenile in criminal law, the impact of punishments imposed on juvenile offenders, As well as, issues of prevention and prophylaxis of youth delinquency, measures should be taken to prevent youth delinquency, problems and solutions on this field, reforms, the forms and methods of work of government agencies involved in the prevention of delinquency among young people, causes and conditions of juvenile systemic crime, domestic legislation on prevention and prophylaxis of youth delinquency and peculiarities of appointing punishment to minors are studied. The following article expresses a number of suggestions for improving the legislation system of juvenile delinquency, features of imposing them punishment and release of them from punishment. 

scholarly journals Study of ecology of malnutrition with respect to infection, infestation pattern, immunization and feeding practices in children attending tertiary care hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Gautam M. Kabbin ◽  
Vinod P. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pyogenic Meningitis ◽  
Tubercular Meningitis ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Gi Infections

Background: It often quipped that half of the world is starving and other half is tyring to lose weight!!.Unfortunately India is in the former half of the world. Out of 667 million children under age five worldwide, 151 million children are stunted and 50 million children are wasted.Methods: The present study showed a very poor immunization status of malnourished children only 7.26% were completely immunized and 74.39% and 8.47% of malnourished children were partially immunized and unimmunized respectively. Study also showed a high incidence of wrong feeding practices like early weaning, prolonged exclusive breast feeding without adequate supplementation, and top feeding in the malnourished cohort. Study also showed a high prevalence of bronchopneumonia, UTI, GI infections in the study group. Tubercular meningitis, pyogenic meningitis, aspiration pneumonia contributed to majority of deaths. Malnourished children are more likely to have anemia, xerophthalmia, bacteremia, bacteriuria, pneumonia, GI infection and tuberculosis. The study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, VIMS and Head Quarters Hospital Bellary from December 2006 to December 2007.Results: In this study out of 8 HIV positive children 6 children had been breast fed and 2 were top fed. Study also showed a high prevalence of bronchopneumonia, UTI, GI infections in the study group. Tubercular meningitis, pyogenic meningitis, aspiration pneumonia contributed to majority of deaths. Malnourished children are more likely to have anemia, xerophthalmia, bacteremia, bacteriuria, pneumonia, GI infection and tuberculosis. In cases with severe malnutrition, screening for HIV infection must be done.Conclusions: Education regarding early initiation of breast feeding within one hour of birth, exclusive breast feeding for 4 to 6 months and continued breast feeding for 2 years or beyond with adequate supplementation must be emphasized. Last but not the least, the importance of immunization in breaking the vicious cycle of infection and malnutrition should be made known to the community at large through effective usage of mass media. 

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