scholarly journals Biotyping, serotyping and ribotyping as epidemiological tools in the evaluation of Acinetobacter baumannii dissemination in hospital units, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia R. GONÇALVES ◽  
Tania Mara I. VAZ ◽  
Eliane ARAUJO ◽  
Regina de Fátima BONI ◽  
Daniela LEITE ◽  
...  

Dissemination of Acinetobacter baumannii strains in different units of a hospital in Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil was evaluated over a period of two years. By using biotyping, serotyping and ribotyping, 27 distinct clones were differentiated among 76 strains isolated between 1993-94, from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients. Two clones, 2:O4:A (biotype:serotype:ribotype) and 2:O29:A accounted for the majority of strains widely disseminated in the units during 1993. The introduction in the hospital setting, of a new clone, 6:O13:B, at the end of 1993 and its predominance through 1994 is discussed. Among 15 strains isolated from neonates, 6 (40%) belonged to the same clone, 2:O4:A. Interestingly, this clone was almost all recovered in neonatal intensive care unit, nursery and in pediatric unit. All strains were susceptible to imipenem and polymyxcin B. Multiresistant strains (up to 12 antimicrobial agents) accounted for 66.7% and 84.8% of the strains isolated in 1993 and in 1994, respectively.

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIELA PALCICH ◽  
CINTIA de MORAES GILLIO ◽  
LINA CASALE ARAGON-ALEGRO ◽  
FRANCO J. PAGOTTO ◽  
JEFFREY M. FARBER ◽  
...  

This study was the first conducted in Brazil to evaluate the presence of Enterobacter sakazakii in milk-based powdered infant formula manufactured for infants 0 to 6 months of age and to examine the conditions of formula preparation and service in three hospitals in São Paulo State, Brazil. Samples of dried and rehydrated infant formula, environments of milk kitchens, water, bottles and nipples, utensils, and hands of personnel were analyzed, and E. sakazakii and Enterobacteriaceae populations were determined. All samples of powdered infant formula purchased at retail contained E. sakazakii at <0.03 most probable number (MPN)/100 g. In hospital samples, E. sakazakii was found in one unopened formula can (0.3 MPN/100 g) and in the residue from one nursing bottle from hospital A. All other cans of formula from the same lot bought at a retail store contained E. sakazakii at <0.03 MPN/100 g. The pathogen also was found in one cleaning sponge from hospital B. Enterobacteriaceae populations ranged from 101 to 105 CFU/g in cleaning aids and <5 CFU/g in all formula types (dry or rehydrated), except for the sample that contained E. sakazakii, which also was contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae at 5 CFU/g. E. sakazakii isolates were not genetically related. In an experiment in which rehydrated formula was used as the growth medium, the temperature was that of the neonatal intensive care unit (25°C), and the incubation time was the average time that formula is left at room temperature while feeding the babies (up to 4 h), a 2-log increase in levels of E. sakazakii was found in the formula. Visual inspection of the facilities revealed that the hygienic conditions in the milk kitchens needed improvement. The length of time that formula is left at room temperature in the different hospitals while the babies in the neonatal intensive care unit are being fed (up to 4 h) may allow for the multiplication of E. sakazakii and thus may lead to an increased health risk for infants.


2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1012-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Moreira Pinheiro ◽  
Maria Júlia Paes da Silva ◽  
Margareth Angelo ◽  
Circéa Amália Ribeiro

This study aimed to understand the meaning of the nursing team's communication with newborns and families during care delivered in a neonatal unit and also to develop a theoretical model. Symbolic Interactionism and Hargie's model were used as theoretical and Grounded theory as the methodological reference framework. The study was carried out at the nursery of a hospital in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The study sample was composed of three nurses and four nursing auxiliaries. The theoretical model Being mediated by the strength of motivation was based on findings and revealed the role the nursing professionals' motivation played during interactions with newborns and families. The conclusion is that more humanized interactions with newborns and families result from the nursing professionals' motivation.


Author(s):  
Mario J. AVILA-CAMPOS ◽  
Gustavo VELÁSQUEZ-MELÉNDEZ

A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, E. corrodens, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola were identified from subgingival plaque from 50 periodontal patients and 50 healthy subjects. PCR products from each species showed a specific band and could be used to identify periodontal organisms from clinical specimens. Identical negative or positive results between PCR and culture occurred in 66% (A. actinomycetemcomitans) to 93% (F. nucleatum) of the samples. PCR detection odds ratio values for A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, C. rectus, E. corrodens, P. intermedia, and T. denticola were significantly associated with disease having a higher OR values for B. forsythus (2.97, 95% CI 1.88 - 4.70). Cultures showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus and P. intermedia were associated with periodontitis, however, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, E. corrodens and F. nucleatum were not significantly associated with the disease.


2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1076-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Bo-Rui Pi ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Yun-Song Yu ◽  
Ya-Gang Chen ◽  
...  

An outbreak of 95 clinical infections with imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Chinese hospital was investigated and the carbapenemase-encoding genes and their relationship with ISAba1 of these and a further 16 isolates recovered from the intensive care unit (ICU) environment were analysed. Almost all isolates were resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials; the lowest resistance rates were found for polymyxin E (17.1 %), cefoperazone/sulbactam (30.6 %) and ampicillin/sulbactam (67.6 %). Six pattern types defined by DNA macrorestriction patterns were distinguished among the clinical isolates with dissemination of pattern A (50 isolates) to patients in seven hospital units and pattern B (35 isolates) to eight units; the environmental isolates from ICUs were also of pattern A. All isolates were positive for the bla OXA-66 and bla OXA-23 genes. The OXA-23-encoding gene was located 34 bp downstream of ISAba1. No plasmids were detected and conjugal transfer of resistance was not demonstrated. The bla OXA-23 probe hybridized with 200 and 220 kb ApaI chromosomal fragments for type patterns A and B, respectively.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.C. REIS ◽  
R. VICTÓRIA FILHO ◽  
M.T. ANDRADE ◽  
A.A.M. BARROSO

ABSTRACT: Sugarcane is one of the main agricultural cultivations of Brazil, and one of the crops in which herbicides are most applied. In the 2017/2018 season, the estimated sugarcane production was 694.54 million tons, with an estimated increase of 0.9% in yield for this season. In order to evaluate the use of herbicides in this crop in the São Paulo State during a five-year period, a survey was carried out with sugarcane farmers. The use of herbicides applied alone and in a formulated mixture, according to their mechanism of action, were evaluated from 2010 to 2014. Photosystem II inhibitor herbicides were the most used in this period and the total amount of herbicides of almost all mechanism of action increased from 2010 to 2014, except for photosystem I inhibitors herbicides. The use of formulated mixtures also increased during this period. The area treated with carotenoid biosynthesis and photosystem II inhibitor herbicides was the largest for the control of monocotyledonous species (Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Commelinaceae). In relation to the dicotyledonous species, the area treated with PROTOX inhibitor herbicides was the largest in all evaluated years.


Irriga ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Benedito Martins Gomes ◽  
Raimundo Leite Cruz

COMPORTAMENTO ESPACIAL DOS PERCENTIS 75 DA PRECIPITAÇÃO DECENCIAL PARA O ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, NA PRIMAVERA   Benedito Martins GomesCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, CP 711, CEP 858114-110, Cascavel – PR, Fone: (0xx45) 220-3154, E-mail: [email protected] Leite CruzDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista,CP 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu – SP, Fone: (0xx14) 6802-7165,E-mail: [email protected]   1 RESUMO  No presente estudo foi avaliada a distribuição espacial do percentil 75 da precipitação decendial para o Estado de São Paulo, utilizando-se um total de 136 postos pluviométricos com séries acima de 27 anos de registros. Em um estágio preliminar os valores dos percentis 75 da precipitação decendial foram georeferenciados, permitindo a utilização de técnicas da geoestatística para proceder à interpolação dos dados. Modelos experimentais de semivariogramas padronizados foram obtidos, utilizando-se a variância amostral como fator de escalonamento, permitindo a verificação de proporcionalidade entre os modelos e agrupando-os sob a mesma tendência. O modelo teórico exponencial foi o que melhor se ajustou aos semivariogramas experimentais, seguido pelo modelo esférico. Os parâmetros estimados para os modelos, efeito pepita, patamar e alcance foram utilizados para a realização da krigagem e confecção dos mapas de isolinhas. A distribuição espacial dos percentis 75 da precipitação decendial reflete o comportamento da circulação atmosférica no Estado, apresentando alta variabilidade. As regiões oeste , sudoeste e noroeste  apresentaram as menores intensidades de precipitação e foram variáveis de acordo com os níveis temporais na primavera. A região litorânea apresentou as maiores intensidades de precipitação para quase todos os níveis temporais estudados, diferenciando-se das demais regiões do Estado. A exceção foi à região nordeste no final da primavera que apresentou valores de intensidades maiores do que os registrados no litoral. A faixa litorânea apresentou comportamento homogêneo, detectado pelo forte agrupamento das isolinhas em quase todos os decêndios analisados.  UNITERMOS: precipitação decendial, semivariograma, geoestatística, krigage.   GOMES, B.M., CRUZ, R.L. SPACIAL BEHAVIOR OF TEN-DAY PRECIPITATION 75 percentil FOR SÃO PAULO STATE IN THE SPRING2 Abstract  In the present study it was evaluated the ten-day precipitation 75 percentil spatial distribution for São Paulo state, using a total of 136 pluviometric stations with series over 27 year- records. In a preliminary phase, the ten-day precipitation 75 percentil  values were georeferred in the space, allowing geostatistics technique use for data interpolation proceeding. Experimental models of standardized  semivariograms were obtained  using  sample variance as a staggering factor, allowing the proportionality verification among the models and grouping them under the same tendency. The exponential theorical pattern was better fitted to the experimental semivariograms, followed by the spherical pattern. The parameters measured for the models, nugget, sill and range effect were used to carry out the kriging and isogram maps preparation. The ten-day precipitation 75 percentil  spatial distribution reflects the atmospheric circulation behavior in the state, presenting high variability. The  western, southwestern and northwestern regions presented the lowest precipitation intensities and varied according to seasonal levels in the spring. The coastal region presented the highest precipitation intensities for almost all  studied seasonal levels, differing from other state regions. The exception was the northeastern region at the end of the spring, which presented higher intensity values than those recorded in the littoral.  Key words: ten day precipitation, semivariogram, geostatistics, kriging.


Author(s):  
Edivaldo Aparecido de Santana ◽  
Lucia Helena Presoto

Este trabalho objetivou conhecer, avaliar e descrever o perfil do enfermeiro/aluno sobre seu papel didático na docência de enfermagem, a atuação do profissional enfermeiro na área de ensino apresenta-se como uma temática pertinente em um momento de transformações no ensino caracterizado por mudanças sociais e novas demandas educacionais da atualidade. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de 5 a 20 de outubro de 2009 usando como cenário um hospital da iniciativa pública da cidade de São Paulo com análise de 50 enfermeiros escolhidos aleatoriamente, segundo as variáveis: gênero; faixa etária; tempo de formação profissional; situação conjugal; vícios; atuação como docente; curso de docência; tempo de atuação como docente; área de atuação como docente; área de maior responsabilidade. Pode-se concluir que dos entrevistados predominaram o sexo feminino; com idade entre trinta e cinco a quarenta e cinco anos; tendo como tempo de formação profissional de dois a oito anos; 56% são tabagistas; a maioria trabalha como professor; 56% relatam que ambas as áreas, teórica e prática requer mais responsabilidade.Descritores: Enfermeiro-Educador, Formação, Didática. The profile of the nurse/student about their educational role in teaching nursingAbstract: This study aimed to identify, assess and describe the profile of the nurse/student about their educational role in teaching nursing, the role of the professional nurse in the area of education presents itself as a relevant issue in a moment of transformation in education characterized by social changes and new educational demands of today. The survey was conducted in the period of 5 to october 20, 2009 using a hospital setting as the public initiative of the city of São Paulo with analysis of 50 randomly selected nurses, according to the variables: gender; age; time training; marital status; vices; performance as a teacher; course of teaching; time working as a teacher; area of expertise as a teacher; area of greater responsibility. It can be concluded that the respondents predominated females; aged thirty-five to forty-five years; taking time as training of two to eight years; 56% were smokers; most work as a teacher; 56% report that both areas, theory and practice requires more responsibility. Descriptors: Nurse-Educator, Formation, Didacticism. El perfil de lo enfermero/estudiante acerca de su función docente en la enseñanza de la enfermeríaResumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar, evaluar y describir el perfil de la enfermera/estudiante acerca de su papel educativo en la enseñanza de la enfermería, el papel del profesional de enfermería en el área de la educación se presenta como un tema relevante en un momento de transformación en la educación que se caracteriza por los cambios sociales y las nuevas demandas educativas de hoy. La encuesta fue realizada en el período de 5 al 20 de octubre de 2009 con un entorno hospitalario como la iniciativa pública de la ciudad de São Paulo con el análisis de 50 enfermeras seleccionadas al azar, de acuerdo a las variables: género; edad; tiempo de entrenamiento; Estado civil; vicios; desempeño como maestro; curso de la enseñanza; tiempo de trabajo como maestro; área de experiencia como maestro; zona de mayor responsabilidad. Se puede concluir que los encuestados predominaron las hembras; treinta y cinco hasta cuarenta y cinco años de Caracas; tomarse el tiempo como la formación de dos a ocho años; 56% eran fumadores; la mayoría trabaja como maestro; 56% reportan que tanto las áreas, la teoría y la práctica requiere más responsabilidad. Descriptores: Enfermero-Educador, Formación, Didáctica.


1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Amaral ◽  
G. H. Domingues

The application of oily residues produced by PETRÓLEO BRASILEIRO S.A. -PETROBRÁS in the manufacturing of ceramic bricks appears as a promising alternative of their reutilization, in comparison with the traditional method of storage in ponds or dikes and to the biodégradation process by landfarming. The application of said residues started experimentally in 1988, in a ceramic bricks factory located in the Paraíba do Sul Valley, State of São Paulo, near the Henrique Lage Refinery (REVAP). In mid-1989, the Presidente Bernardes Refinery (RPBC), the Capuava Refinery (RECAP) and the Petroleum Products Terminals of São Paulo (TEDEP) started sending oily residues to factories participating in the Red Ceramics Association of Itu and its Region (ACERVIR). As an advantage of this process, almost all the costs with disposal of said residues are eliminated for PETROBRÁS; on the other hand, the reduction in maintenance costs, lower energy consumption, and a significant increase in production are advantages for the ceramics factories.


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