scholarly journals Pattern of acquisition of rotavirus antibody in children followed up from birth to the age of three years

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre C. Linhares ◽  
Valéria R. Melo ◽  
Joana D'Arc P. Mascarenhas ◽  
Yvone B. Gabbay ◽  
Ronaldo B. de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Birth To Three ◽  
One Year ◽  
Positive Antibody Response

Nine hundred and forty-eight serum samples from 83 children living in Belem, Brazil, collected'within their first three years of life, were testedfor the presence of group- specific rotavirus-antibody by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) blocking-test. Passively transferred maternal antibody lasted about two and half months; subsequentely, low levels of rotavirus antibody started to appear at seven months, reaching a peak at eleven months of age. From one year onwards positivity gradually increased, reaching highest values at 34 months of life. Individual responses were examined in sera from 61 children who were followed up since birth to three years of age: 38 (62,3%) ofthem developed a long-term immunity following first infection; eleven (18.0%) children developed a short-term immunity after first infection by rotavirus; seven (11.5%) had no antibody response within their first three years of life; and 5 (8.2%) showed positive antibody response from birth to three years old.

scholarly journals The detection of specific antibody formation to recall antigens after human bone marrow transplantation

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Lum ◽  
NA Munn ◽  
MS Schanfield ◽  
R Storb
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Long Term Survivors

Abstract The results of this study show that donor-derived immunity can be detected and persists in long-term survivors with and without chronic graft-v-host disease (GVHD) after human marrow grafting. Seventy-one marrow recipients (60 long-term and 11 short-term survivors) were studied for the presence of specific serum IgG antibodies to tetanus toxoid (TT), and 46 marrow recipients (35 long-term and 11 short-term) were tested for antibodies to diphtheria toxoid (DT) and measles virus after marrow grafting using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the 60 long-term survivors, 31 were healthy and 29 had chronic GVHD. None of the recipients were immunized to the test antigens postgrafting. Most long-term healthy recipients exhibited antibody titers to the recall test antigens, whereas only a minority of those with chronic GVHD had antibody titers to recall antigens. In healthy long-term recipients (greater than or equal to one year postgrafting) whose donors were immune to the test antigens, 25 of 31 had titers to TT, 11 of 17 had titers to DT, and 12 of 20 had titers to measles. In recipients with C-GVHD, 13 of 29 had titers to TT, six of 15 had titers to DT, and six of 15 had titers to measles virus. Within 100 days postgrafting, 11 of 11 had anti-TT titers, ten of ten had anti-DT titers, and seven of eight had antimeasles virus titers.

The detection of specific antibody formation to recall antigens after human bone marrow transplantation

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Lum ◽  
NA Munn ◽  
MS Schanfield ◽  
R Storb
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Long Term Survivors

The results of this study show that donor-derived immunity can be detected and persists in long-term survivors with and without chronic graft-v-host disease (GVHD) after human marrow grafting. Seventy-one marrow recipients (60 long-term and 11 short-term survivors) were studied for the presence of specific serum IgG antibodies to tetanus toxoid (TT), and 46 marrow recipients (35 long-term and 11 short-term) were tested for antibodies to diphtheria toxoid (DT) and measles virus after marrow grafting using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the 60 long-term survivors, 31 were healthy and 29 had chronic GVHD. None of the recipients were immunized to the test antigens postgrafting. Most long-term healthy recipients exhibited antibody titers to the recall test antigens, whereas only a minority of those with chronic GVHD had antibody titers to recall antigens. In healthy long-term recipients (greater than or equal to one year postgrafting) whose donors were immune to the test antigens, 25 of 31 had titers to TT, 11 of 17 had titers to DT, and 12 of 20 had titers to measles. In recipients with C-GVHD, 13 of 29 had titers to TT, six of 15 had titers to DT, and six of 15 had titers to measles virus. Within 100 days postgrafting, 11 of 11 had anti-TT titers, ten of ten had anti-DT titers, and seven of eight had antimeasles virus titers.

scholarly journals C-Terminal Invariable Domain of VlsE Is Immunodominant but Its Antigenicity Is Scarcely Conserved among Strains of Lyme Disease Spirochetes

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 3224-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ting Liang ◽  
Lisa C. Bowers ◽  
Mario T. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal

ABSTRACT VlsE, the variable surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi, contains two invariable domains located at the amino and carboxyl terminal ends, respectively, and a central variable domain. In this study, both immunogenicity and antigenic conservation of the C-terminal invariable domain were assessed. Mouse antiserum to a 51-mer synthetic peptide (Ct) which reproduced the entire sequence of the C-terminal invariable domain of VlsE from B. burgdorferi strain B31 was reacted on immunoblots with whole-cell lysates extracted from spirochetes of 12 strains from the B. burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. The antiserum recognized only VlsE from strain B31, indicating that epitopes of this domain differed among these strains. When Ct was used as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen, all of the seven monkeys and six mice that were infected with B31 spirochetes produced a strong antibody response to this peptide, indicating that the C-terminal invariable domain is immunodominant. None of 12 monkeys and only 11 of 26 mice that were infected with strains other than B31 produced a detectable anti-Ct response, indicating a limited antigenic conservation of this domain among these strains. Twenty-six of 33 dogs that were experimentally infected by tick inoculation were positive by the Ct ELISA, while only 5 of 18 serum samples from dogs clinically diagnosed with Lyme disease contained detectable anti-Ct antibody. Fifty-seven of 64 serum specimens that were collected from American patients with Lyme disease were positive by the Ct ELISA, while only 12 of 21 European samples contained detectable anti-Ct antibody. In contrast, antibody to the more conserved invariable region IR6 of VlsE was present in all of these dog and human serum samples.

scholarly journals Contrarian and Momentum Strategies in the Indian Capital Market

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sehgal ◽  
I Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Momentum Strategy ◽  
Momentum Strategies ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
One Year

The study attempts to evaluate if there are any systematic patterns in stock returns for the Indian market. The empirical findings reveal that there is a reversal in long-term returns, once the short-term momentum effect has been controlled by maintaining a one year gap between portfolio formation period and the portfolio holding period. A contrarian strategy based on long-term past returns provides moderately positive returns. Further, there is a continuation in short-term returns and a momentum strategy based on it provides significantly positive payoffs. The results in general are in conformity with those for developed capital markets such as the US.

scholarly journals Effect of short-term heart rate variability biofeedback on long-term abstinence in alcohol dependent patients – a one-year follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Penzlin ◽  
Kristian Barlinn ◽  
Ben Min-Woo Illigens ◽  
Kerstin Weidner ◽  
Martin Siepmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback ◽  
One Year ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

scholarly journals Evidence of Neospora caninum exposure among native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 637-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
BY Jung ◽  
SH Lee ◽  
D. Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion in ruminants, including goats. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum in native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae). A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to analyse 464 serum samples for the presence of N. caninum antibodies. Four samples (0.9%, 95% confidence intervals – CI: 0.0–1.7) were found to be positive for N. caninum antibodies. The seroprevalence was analysed according to age (less than to one year, young; more than or equal one year, adult; and unknown), sampling season (April to September, warm; October to March, cold), and region (northern, central, and southern). However, there were no statistically significant differences in seroprevalence according to age, season, and region (P > 0.05). This is the first report on the seroprevalence of N. caninum in native Korean goats. The results of this study indicate a nationwide distribution of N. caninum among goats, with a relatively low prevalence. Therefore, the implementation of integrated control strategies as well as measures for prevention and control of N. caninum infection among goats is recommended.

scholarly journals Live Oral Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccine Induces Durable Antibody Response

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie D. Collins ◽  
Anima Adhikari ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Robert A. Kuschner ◽  
Nicos Karasavvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Military

Human adenoviruses (AdV) are mostly associated with minimal pathology. However, more severe respiratory tract infections and acute respiratory diseases, most often caused by AdV-4 and AdV-7, have been reported. The only licensed vaccine in the United States, live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine, is indicated for use in the military, nearly exclusively in recruit populations. The excellent safety profile and prominent antibody response of the vaccine is well established by placebo-controlled clinical trials, while, long-term immunity of vaccination has not been studied. Serum samples collected over 6 years from subjects co-administered live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine in 2011 were evaluated to determine the duration of the antibody response. Group geometric mean titers (GMT) at 6 years post vaccination compared to previous years evaluated were not significantly different for either AdV-4 or AdV-7 vaccine components. There were no subjects that demonstrated waning neutralization antibody (NAb) titers against AdV-4 and less than 5% of subjects against AdV-7. Interestingly, there were subjects that had a four-fold increase in NAb titers against either AdV-4 or AdV-7, at various time points post vaccination, suggesting either homotypic or heterotypic re-exposure. This investigation provided strong evidence that the live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine induced long-term immunity to protect from AdV-4 and AdV-7 infections.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial and Oxidative Impacts of Short and Long-term Administration of HAART on HIV Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Joy E. Ikekpeazu ◽  
Oliver C. Orji ◽  
Ikenna K. Uchendu ◽  
Lawrence U.S. Ezeanyika
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
One Year

Background and Objective: There may be a possible link between the use of HAART and oxidative stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV patients. We evaluated the mitochondrial and oxidative impacts of short and long-term administration of HAART on HIV patients attending the Enugu State University Teaching (ESUT) Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria following short and long-term therapy. Methods: 96 patients categorized into four groups of 24 individuals were recruited for the study. Group 1 comprised of age-matched, apparently healthy, sero-negative individuals (the No HIV group); group 2 consisted of HIV sero-positive individuals who had not started any form of treatment (the Treatment naïve group). Individuals in group 3 were known HIV patients on HAART for less than one year (Short-term treatment group), while group 4 comprised of HIV patients on HAART for more than one year (Long-term treatment group). All patients were aged between 18 to 60 years and attended the HIV clinic at the time of the study. Determination of total antioxidant status (TAS in nmol/l), malondialdehyde (MDA in mmol/l), CD4+ count in cells/μl, and genomic studies were all done using standard operative procedures. Results: We found that the long-term treatment group had significantly raised the levels of MDA, as well as significantly diminished TAS compared to the Short-term treatment and No HIV groups (P<0.05). In addition, there was significantly elevated variation in the copy number of mitochondrial genes (mtDNA: D-loop, ATPase 8, TRNALEU uur) in the long-term treatment group. Interpretation and Conclusion: Long-term treatment with HAART increases oxidative stress and causes mitochondrial alterations in HIV patients.

scholarly journals General Assessment of the Operational Utility of National Water Model Reservoir Inflows for the Bureau of Reclamation Facilities

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2897
Author(s):  
Francesca Viterbo ◽  
Laura Read ◽  
Kenneth Nowak ◽  
Andrew W. Wood ◽  
David Gochis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bureau Of Reclamation ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Inflow Performance ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
National Water ◽  
Total Inflow

This work investigates the utility of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Water Model (NWM) for water management operations by assessing the total inflow into a select number of reservoirs across the Central and Western U.S. Total inflow is generally an unmeasured quantity, though critically important for anticipating both floods and shortages in supply over a short-term (hourly) to sub-seasonal (monthly) time horizon. The NWM offers such information at over 5000 reservoirs across the U.S., however, its skill at representing inflow processes is largely unknown. The goal of this work is to understand the drivers for both well performing and poor performing NWM inflows such that managers can get a sense of the capability of NWM to capture natural hydrologic processes and in some cases, the effects of upstream management. We analyzed the inflows for a subset of Bureau of Reclamation (BoR) reservoirs within the NWM over the long-term simulations (retrospectively, seven years) and for short, medium and long-range operational forecast cycles over a one-year period. We utilize ancillary reservoir characteristics (e.g., physical and operational) to explain variation in inflow performance across the selected reservoirs. In general, we find that NWM inflows in snow-driven basins outperform those in rain-driven, and that assimilated basin area, upstream management, and calibrated basin area all influence the NWM’s ability to reproduce daily reservoir inflows. The final outcome of this work proposes a framework for how the NWM reservoir inflows can be useful for reservoir management, linking reservoir purposes with the forecast cycles and retrospective simulations.

scholarly journals Low Levels of Immunoglobulins and Mannose-Binding Lectin Are Not Associated With Etiology, Severity, or Outcome in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William W Siljan ◽  
Jan C Holter ◽  
Ståle H Nymo ◽  
Einar Husebye ◽  
Thor Ueland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
Microbial Etiology ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Background Disease severity and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) depend on the host and on the challenge of the causal microorganism(s). We measured levels of immunoglobulins (Igs) and complement in 257 hospitalized adults with CAP and examined the association of low levels of Igs or complement to microbial etiology, disease severity, and short-term and long-term outcome. Methods Serum Igs were analyzed in blood samples obtained at admission and at 6 weeks postdischarge if admission levels were low. Serum complement deficiencies were screened with a total complement activity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with further analyzes performed if justified. Disease severity was assessed by the CURB-65 severity score. Short-term outcome was defined as a composite end point of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30-day mortality, and long-term outcome as 5-year all-cause mortality. Results At admission, 87 (34%) patients had low levels of at least 1 Ig, with low IgG2 as the most prevalent finding (55/21%). IgG levels were lower in bacterial than viral CAP (8.48 vs 9.97 g/L, P = .023), but low Igs were not associated with microbial etiology. Fifty-five (21%) patients had low lectin pathway activity, of which 33 (13%) were mannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficient. Low admission levels of any Ig or MBL were not associated with disease severity, short-term outcome, or long-term outcome. Excluding patients defined as immunocompromised from analysis did not substantially affect these results. Conclusion In hospitalized adults with CAP, low admission levels of Igs or complement were in general not associated with microbial etiology, disease severity, short-term outcome, or long-term outcome.

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