scholarly journals Mapping of Chagas disease research: analysis of publications in the period between 1940 and 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Ramos ◽  
Gregorio González-Alcaide ◽  
Joaquín Gascón ◽  
Félix Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Linear Fit ◽  
Number Of Publications

INTRODUCTION: Publications are often used as a measure of success in research work. Chagas disease occurs in Central and Southern America. However, during the past years, the disease has been occurring outside Latin America due to migration from endemic zones. This article describes a bibliometric review of the literature on Chagas disease research indexed in PubMed during a 70-year period. METHODS: Medline was used via the PubMed online service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine from 1940 to 2009. The search strategy was: Chagas disease [MeSH] OR Trypanosoma cruzi [MeSH]. RESULTS: A total of 13,989 references were retrieved. The number of publications increased steadily over time from 1,361 (1940-1969) to 5,430 (2000-2009) (coefficient of determination for linear fit, R²=0.910). Eight journals contained 25% of the Chagas disease literature. Of the publications, 64.2% came from endemic countries. Brazil was the predominant country (37%), followed by the United States (17.6%) and Argentina (14%). The ranking in production changed when the number of publications was normalized by estimated cases of Chagas disease (Panama and Uruguay), population (Argentina and Uruguay), and gross domestic product (Bolivia and Brazil). CONCLUSIONS: Several Latin American countries, where the prevalence of T. cruzi infection was not very high, were the main producers of the Chagas disease literature, after adjusting for economic and population indexes. The countries with more estimated cases of Chagas disease produced less research on Chagas disease than some developed countries.

scholarly journals Current knowledge of Chagas-related heart disease among pediatric cardiologists in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchi Malhotra ◽  
Imran Masood ◽  
Noberto Giglio ◽  
Jay D. Pruetz ◽  
Pia S. Pannaraj
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Chagas disease is a pathogenic parasitic infection with approximately 8 million cases worldwide and greater than 300,000 cases in the United States (U.S.). Chagas disease can lead to chronic cardiomyopathy and cardiac complications, with variable cardiac presentations in pediatrics making it difficult to recognize. The purpose of our study is to better understand current knowledge and experience with Chagas related heart disease among pediatric cardiologists in the U.S. Methods We prospectively disseminated a 19-question survey to pediatric cardiologists via 3 pediatric cardiology listservs. The survey included questions about demographics, Chagas disease presentation and experience. Results Of 139 responses, 119 cardiologists treat pediatric patients in the U.S. and were included. Most providers (87%) had not seen a case of Chagas disease in their practice; however, 72% also had never tested for it. The majority of knowledge-based questions about Chagas disease cardiac presentations were answered incorrectly, and 85% of providers expressed discomfort with recognizing cardiac presentations in children. Most respondents selected that they would not include Chagas disease on their differential diagnosis for presentations such as conduction anomalies, myocarditis and/or apical aneurysms, but would be more likely to include it if found in a Latin American immigrant. Of respondents, 87% agreed that they would be likely to attend a Chagas disease-related lecture. Conclusions Pediatric cardiologists in the U.S. have seen very few cases of Chagas disease, albeit most have not sent testing or included it in their differential diagnosis. Most individuals agreed that education on Chagas disease would be worth-while.

The Development of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Publications: A Holistic Evolution of Global Literature with Bibliometric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gül Doğan ◽  
Hülya İpek
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract Introduction Despite the fact that necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the reasons for morbidity and mortality in the newborn intensive care units, the literature indicates no bibliometric studies that made a holistic evaluation of the publications on this issue. This study aims to make a holistic evaluation of NEC publications to reveal the latest developments and trend topics. Materials and Methods Bibliometric analyses were performed by retrieving all the publications in Web of Science (WoS: Web of Science Core Collection database maintained by Clarivate Analytics) database between 1980 and 2018 using the “necrotizing enterocolitis” keyword. The correlations between economic productivity, humanity index, and performances of the countries on the topic of NEC were investigated with Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results A review of the related literature indicated 2,968 publications on NEC between 1980 and 2018. Of these publications, 1,690 (56.9%) were indexed in the article document category in WoS. There was an important increasing trend in the number of publications after 2006. Results of the present study showed that the Journal of Pediatric Surgery and Journal of Pediatrics were the top effective journal that contributed to the literature in terms of publication productivity. The top productive country that produced most publications about NEC was the United States (863, 51.1%). Conclusion Research on NEC is conducted in a limited number of countries. There seem to be more research opportunities in the developed countries because survival rates of premature babies having a disease like NEC are lower in the undeveloped countries, and survival rates are higher in developed countries due to appropriate intensive care conditions. Therefore, undeveloped countries should be supported in terms of NEC and provided with funds.

Tapeworms, Meat and Man: A Brief Review and Update of Cysticercosis Caused by Taenia Saginata and Taenia Solium

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. HIRD ◽  
M. M. PULLEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Taenia Saginata

Three species of tapeworms may be transmitted to man by ingestion of animal flesh: Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, and Diphyllobothrium latum. The first two are the subject of this brief review which concentrates on recent studies in the field and emphasizes concepts of importance in detection, control, and prevention of cysticercosis. T. saginata cysticercosis in beef (beef measles) continues to be a concern in developed countries such as the United States, as well as in developing areas such as East Africa where the infection is widespread. The high standards of meat inspection in the United States have not succeeded in eliminating beef cysticercosis which is seen primarily in feedlot cattle originating in the southwestern U.S. However, it should not be viewed as a strictly regional problem, due to the widespread movement of animals and meat within the United States. Beef cysticercosis is costly due to the special treatment required of infected carcasses; serious effects on human health are rare. In contrast, T. solium cysticercosis in swine (pork measles) is rarely reported in areas such as the U.S., Canada, and most European countries, but is still a definite human health concern in Mexico, some other Latin American nations and parts of Africa and Asia. In addition to being a financial burden, T. solium is a serious public health threat in those countries where it is prevalent.

Transformations, Ruptures, and Continuities in the Inter-American Development Bank’s Policy from 1980 to the Present

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Pablo J. López ◽  
Marcelo Rougier
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Bank ◽  
Developmental Role ◽  
Latin American Countries

This chapter shows that, although the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) mandate remained unchanged over the course of over fifty years from its creation, the Bank’s lending policies in Latin America changed over time, consistent with the prevailing policy framework in developed countries. Unlike in other multilateral development banks (MDB) with a presence in the region—especially the World Bank—Latin American countries played a bigger role in the IADB’s decision-making process from the very moment the regional bank was created. However, donor countries, in particular the United States, enforced IADB policy guidelines, with a varying degree of conflict over the different periods. The authors establish that the institution underwent a transition phase, which began in the 1980s, marking a move away from a developmental role associated with state-led industrialization processes. The IADB became a supporter of liberalization and deregulation policies in the 1990s and then, from the 2008‒9 global crisis, played a new active role for development.

scholarly journals Convergence, trade and industrial policy: Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay in the international economy, 1900–1980

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Bértola ◽  
Gabriel Porcile
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Pattern Of Specialization ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractThis paper discusses the economic performance of three Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay) from a comparative perspective, using as a benchmark a group of four developed countries (France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States). The focus is on the relative performance within the region and between the Latin American countries and the developed countries in the period 1900–1980. The paper argues that Argentina and Uruguay benefited from a privileged position in international markets at the beginning of the 20th century and this allowed them to converge. However, they failed to adjust to the major long-run change in the pattern of world trade brought about by World War I and the Great Depression, which implied a persistent decline of their export markets. On the other hand, Brazil, after having been much less successful until 1930, grew at higher rates thereafter based on rapid structural change and the building up of competitive advantages in new industrial sectors. The more vigorous Brazilian policy for industrialization and export diversification may explain why Brazil succeeded in changing its pattern of specialization, while Argentina and Uruguay were locked in to the old pattern. A typology of convergence regimes is suggested based on the growth experience of these countries.

Pull Factors for Direct Investment:�A Cross Regional Comparison

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Daniels ◽  
Charles J. Quigley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Regional Comparison ◽  
Investment Behaviour

Although much attention has focused on direct investment behaviour, there has been little attempt to explain why some countries receive much more than others. This study analyses differences in investment outfiows from the United States of America to different OECD, Latin American, and other lesser developed countries. A few variables explain most of the differences among each group of countries. Their identification, however, depends on the group of countries being considered.

scholarly journals 1165. Seroprevalence of Chagas Disease among Latin American Children Living in New York

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S674-S674
Author(s):  
Andrew S Handel ◽  
Harriet Hellman ◽  
Egar Flores ◽  
Christy Beneri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suffolk County ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background Approximately 300,00 individuals in the United States are estimated to have Chagas disease. To date, only one seroprevalence study in the US has included children. Diagnosis during childhood prevents irreversible sequelae and is better tolerated than during adulthood. Seropositive children may be difficult to identify, as those infected vertically may have never visited an endemic region. We sought to identify children with Chagas disease through a pilot study of serology and risk factors. Methods Participants were recruited from Stony Brook University Hospital (SBUH) or an ambulatory pediatric office, both in Suffolk County, New York (population: 1,476,000; 20.2% Hispanic or Latino). Study participants were 1 - 25 years old, resided in Suffolk County, and either the child and/or the child’s mother was born in or had long-term residence (≥ 3 years) in Latin America. T. cruzi serum IgG was determined with a Chagatest ELISA (Weiner Lab) or a Chagas Detect Plus Rapid Test (InBios). Positive screens were confirmed with a second serologic test at the CDC. Participants completed a survey of demographics and Chagas disease knowledge and risk factors, in English or Spanish. Descriptive statistics were applied. SBUH IRB provided study approval. Results We enrolled 93 children (Table 1). Three (3.2%) had a positive IgG screen, of which only one had a confirmed infection (1.1%). This was a 17-year-old who had lived in a rural adobe home and moved to the US at 8 years old. No children or their mothers recalled being bitten by or seeing triatomine insects in their Latin American homes. Of 27 children whose mothers had been screened for infection, 13 were born to 3 mothers with confirmed Chagas disease; all 13 children were seronegative. Of 8 participants reporting other family members with Chagas disease, all were seronegative. Demographics of 93 participants screened for Chagas disease SD standard deviation; US: United States Conclusion Without reliable tools for identifying those at greatest risk of Chagas disease, universal screening of children born in high-risk Latin American regions remains a reasonable strategy. In addition, screening mothers born in Latin America is likely a more cost-efficient means to evaluate second-generation children. A tremendous knowledge gap of pediatric Chagas disease in the US remains. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kia Lilly Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Hiv Aids

This book has examined some of the key issues shaping efforts to achieve gender and racial health equity in Brazil. While Brazil continues to face a number of challenges in fully achieving health equity, it is important to recognize areas in which substantial progress has been achieved. During the 1990s, Brazil’s public health policies and the establishment of the Unified Health System (SUS) placed the country far ahead of many of its Latin American neighbors, as well as more economically developed countries, such as the United States. In addition, Brazil’s pioneering HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment initiatives and notable successes in curbing the HIV/AIDS epidemic have served as important models globally....

scholarly journals RESEARCHES ON URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN THE MEXICAN CITY OF QUERETARO: From central to peri-urban areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Betanzo-Quezada ◽  
José A. Romero-Navarrete; Saúl A. Obregón-Biosca
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
Urban Freight Transport

While in developed countries the effects of urban freight transport on congestion levels, environment and quality of life of the population have been recognized and studied, in Latin American countries a limited amount of reports have been produced on this issue, focusing only on major urban agglomerations and capital cities. The aim of this paper is to describe and discuss the results and the key analytical concepts supporting a research work carried out in the Queretaro Metropolitan Area, within the 2003−2014 period. The methodological approach considered includes a multi-year research effort for creating analytical tools and evaluation methods. As a result of this effort, urban freight related issues have been characterized in a context of urban and peri-urban interacting environments for a medium-sized city. The resulting methods and tools can now be used for studying metropolitan areas on a nation-wide basis.

scholarly journals Marxist theories of international relations at the beginning of 21st century

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 285-308
Author(s):  
Marina Kostic
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
World Order ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The North ◽  
The Creation

After one hundred years since the Russian October Revolution, it seems appropriate to consider and point out some of the key topics, dilemmas, and theoretical considerations of Marxist theories of International Relations. The cyclical movement of global capitalism in the period from 1990 to 2017 contributed to the revival of the Marxist thesis about capitalism and the search for ways to overcome it. Most of the solutions are connected to the more equal distributions of capital and competition, less in socialist revolutions. That is the reason why in the future we can expect more attention given to the original Marx?s theses. Research questions that Marxist thought in international relations today consider are: Redirection of the focus from the East-West relations to the North-South relations, which are characterized by inequality, injustice, dependency and exploitation of the countries of the South by the developed countries of the North; The changed role of the state - the transformation of state functions to fit the needs of transnational capital (transnational state); The combination of force and consent in the creation of a hegemonic world order; The global economic crisis of 2007-8, the crisis of the Euro?zone in 2011 and the crisis of the developing economies, especially after 2015; Application of austerity measures in response to said crisis, which leads to the impoverishment of the already poor, and a large gap between rich and poor; Strengthening anti-capitalist and ?anti?system? organization, movements and political parties, and their unification at the international level, as well as their links with countries such as Russia and Latin American countries. The study of these questions is addressed through the Neo-Marxist and the Post-Marxist approaches, with additional consideration of the ?New Marxism?, which represents a re-reading of Marx, his texts that have not been analysed by now and attitudes toward the non-European area. A response to the current crisis is such that the policies of states are being nationalized and tend to become the opposite of what was advocated at the end of the Cold War by the leaders of liberalism. By 2016, such a shift is made that the leader of globalization and the spread of international organizations - the United States - have found itself in the opposite position of what it stood for - open markets, democracy and integration. China is trying to bring other countries in the fight against climate change and supports the continued functioning of the global open market and Russia is becoming a major initiator of the creation of new international institutions in the Asian, European and Latin American continent. The struggle between these new contradictions can only be overcome in some new synthesis - the new world order.

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